Information System

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Part of any organization which is responsible for the management of organizations informational resources-all its collective knowledge - and of the systems that make use of these resources

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It is the study of people, technology, organizations, and the relationships among them

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It is a people-oriented field with an emphasis on service through technology

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It is the use of information technology, people, and business processes to record, store and process data to produce information that decision makers can use to make day to day decisions

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Through the use of office productivity software such as MS Office’s Word, Excel and Power Point, which support and coordinate knowledge work in an office environment by handling documents and messages in a variety of forms – text, voice, data and images. Electronic communication systems facilitate the exchange of information within the organization and its clientele in the outside world

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Assist in the day-to-day activities of the enterprise by keeping a track of its resources and commitments such as inventory systems and other financial systems

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Provide summary information for executives using data automatically extracted from a database, and assist the various levels of management in their tasks. Through such systems, managers are able to obtain summary reports on past, current and projected activity within their areas of responsibility

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Provide top management with ready access to a variety of summarized company data against a background of general information on the industry and economy at large

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Are expressly designed for the support of individual and collective decision making. The decision support systems allow managers to consider various courses of future action and see projected results in order to plan for future activities. Executives are able to get an overview of the company’s operations in attractive graphical form and “drill in” on any aspect they want to pursue in more detail.

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capable of producing reports for specific time periods, are designed for managers responsible for a specific functions in a firm

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the core of IT applications in business. Most mission-critical information systems for both large and small organizations are essentially transaction processing systems for operational data processing that is needed, for example, to register customer orders and to produce invoices and payroll checks

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which support and coordinate knowledge work in an office environment by handling documents and messages in a variety of forms – text, data, image and voice

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This is the fundamental property of computer systems interconnected with telecommunications links. This capability is exploited by operational support systems, which process massive volumes of business transactions. It is also used to derive management reports from the voluminous data kept in computer storage. This provides organization the ability to respond faster to the demands of the marketplace

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In an on-line system, the contents of a computer database are available for queries instantaneously. A query may be directed to a remote site where the data are actually stored without the user’s awareness.

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Coordination is rooted in sharing information and communicating. Coordination brings part of an organization or several collaborating organizations together in a common effort. IS enhance the ability to communicate and collaborate within the firm and with customers and suppliers

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Information systems increasingly sere to link an organization to an outside world. The electronic data interchange (EDI) systems and communications through the World Wide Web replace the exchange of paper transaction records by computer-tocomputer electronic messaging, resulting in economy, speed and reliability of information.

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By informing managers and permitting them to select from among alternative courses of action, information system support both the structured and unstructured decision making process

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Organizational memory is the means by which knowledge from the past exerts influence on the present organizational activities. This memory preserves the experience the firm has accumulated in delivering its products and services to the market place

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Operational systems handle transactions in every way in an organization. E-mail systems and computer conferencing provide a protocol for the interaction of people within an organization. IS enhance goodwill of employees.

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The capabilities to differentiate, customize and individualize the product or service with the use of information in a cost effective fashion may produce a competitive advantage in the marketplace, thus enhancing competitive position (increased market share or profits)

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A model is a simplified representation of a real object or phenomenon. Working with a model helps people concentrate on the relevant aspects of the real thing and performed controlled experiments. Modeling improves quality of products or services leading to higher customer satisfaction.

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Computerized information systems can fully automate a certain business functions by replacing human labor. It reduces the need for routine human labor while changing the nature of the labor required hence increasing productivity which means lower cost per unit output

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One of the biggest mistakes IT made during 1990s was there was not enough focus on architecture and building a plan that integrate well at reasonably low cost. Many companies have rolled out enterprise resource planning systems that are applied to legacy applications populated with outdated information

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Many IT executives do a poor job of communicating and marketing to senior management the value of information technology investment to organization. What IT department typically does is bundle up projects around technology and asks the chief financial officer for money without articulating benefit. The CIO must be able to justify the expenditure in business terms that everyone can understand.

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According to a Gartner Research survey of 1500 chief information officers (CIOs), the two most critical management issues are integrating a business and IT strategies, and providing leadership to senior executives. It doesn’t matter how good your system is. If you are not putting in good information, it will appear like a failure.

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Industry analysts believe that how a business fares in its industry is an indicator of how well the CIO is performing, especially if the business is IT-dependent. The role of CIO is so laden with critical responsibilities that demand for them exceed supply. Few have technical expertise, management ability and financial knowledge to run the IT bloodstream of a major enterprise

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IT often fails to link business value to pieces of infrastructure

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Analysts also say problems arise when a CIO has a habit of springing last-minute surprises on management. The best CIOs meet the majority of their target dates and budgets. They alert their management colleagues to changes and have a revised plan at the ready. CIOs reluctant to tell difficult truths are a major hindrance

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favor products with reasonable acquisition cost, simple, predictable pricing scheme and reasonable maintenance fees

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Products that can easily be implemented in a short period of time (days or weeks) should be considered over those that require extensive customization by outside consultants. A rapid time to value translates into a rapid return on investment. Products that installs rapidly, automatically discovering management services in a matter of minutes results in realization of ROI in a short time, particularly compared with competitive products.

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Products that can easily be implemented in a short period of time (days or weeks) should be considered over those that require extensive customization by outside consultants. A rapid time to value translates into a rapid return on investment. Products that installs rapidly, automatically discovering management services in a matter of minutes results in realization of ROI in a short time, particularly compared with competitive products

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Solutions with low acquisition costs, reasonable maintenance fees, and low implementation costs result in a lower total TCO. Requires no dedicated server hardware, and its architecture has a low impact on the network

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is calculated as the costs subtracted from the reward derived from a particular investment. A proper choice of information systems management solution will reward IT with positive ROI and all of the criteria discussed above are key factors to consider

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Through the use of office productivity software such as MS Office’s Word, Excel and Power Point, which support and coordinate knowledge work in an office environment by handling documents and messages in a variety of forms – text, voice, data and images. Electronic communication systems facilitate the exchange of information within the organization and its clientele in the outside world