Review Grammar (Present+past)

Present Simple

​For personal routines and habits, often with a frequency adverbs (always, sometimes, often,..)

I always get to work by 9:00

In winter we usually go skiing most weekend

Present Simple

​For statements or fact, generalizations or things that always happen

This train goes to Milan

All cars, except electric ones, cause air pollution

A wave transfers energy from one place to another

*generalization (n); sự khái quát, tổng hợp

*transfer (v): chuyển sang

Present Simple

​For technical or scientific facts and definitions

To describe what something does, and how things happen

• Inflation is an economic process in which prices increase and money loses value

• An espresso coffee maker forces water through the coffee grounds using the pressure of heated water. When the water boils, it rises up a tube, through the coffee grounds and into the container at the top

*inflation (n): sự lạm phát

Present Continuous

​For actions happening at the moment of speaking and unfinished

For actions that continue for some time

• Jean is using the computer at the moment

• We're having a lot of problems with the new equipment

*unfinished: chưa hoàn thành, chưa xong

Present Continuous

With some verbs (read, write, work..) the action is generally ongoing, but not happening at the moment of speaking

• I'm working on a new project (bạn đang tham gia vào project và nó vẫn đang diễn ra, kể cả khi trước lúc bạn đề cập đến)

• I'm writing a final essay for the assignment

*ongoing: đang tiến hành, đang xảy ra

Present Continuous

For changing states, especially with "increase, change, get" + adjective

• Most scientists agree that the world is getting hotter

• In some countries the birth rate is falling year on year

*Birth rate: sinh suất (tỷ suất sinh thô)

State verbs

Only use with simple form. You can use a dictionary to check their meaning

• Feelings and emotions: like/dislike, mean, value

• Believing, thinking, knowing: assume, belive, consider, estimate, expect, recognize, regard, suppose

• Prefering: prefer, want, wish

• Sensing: distinguish, observe

State verbs

Only use with simple form. You can use a dictionary to check their meaning

• Being, having, seeming, owning: appear to be, belong to, come from, comprise, consist of, contain, cost, equal, exist, include, involve doing, own, mean doing, possess, prove, represent, resemble, result from, sound, tend to, weigh

Different meanings

When you use the simple and continuous form. It has difference

• What do you think? (tel me your opinion)

• What are you thinking? (tell me your thought)

• How much does this weight? (its weight)

• I'm weighing myself (finding my weight)

Question and Negative form

Using do + V or be + present participle

• What do you think? (tel me your opinion)

• What are you thinking? (tell me your thought)

• How much does this weight? (its weight)

• I'm weighing myself (finding my weight)

Open Ended

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs

1. Hello, (you/wait)______me?

2. (the price of the room/include)______breakfast?

3. The word physics (come)_____from the ancient Greek term for nature

4. (this laptop/belong)______to you?

5. It (get)_____cold. Shall I turn on the heating?

6. Look, a lot of people (get on)_____that bus. Is that one ours?

7. I (think)_____we'd better check the figures again

Open Ended

1. Nowadays more and more people (choose) ___to work from home

2. In some companies employees (have)___the option of spending part of the week working out of the office

3. I (sometimes/find)___myself popping out to the shops or doing housework, but on the whole, I think it (suit)___certain kinds of job

Past simple

To describe finished events in the past with a definite time, or a past time context

In 1684 Newton published his theory of gravity

During a storm, the bridge collapsed

*gravity (n): trọng lực, lực hấp dẫn

*collapse (v): sụp đổ, sập, ngã quỵ

Past simple

To describe past conditions, routines and habits

Many common verbs have irregular past form (V2)

• Women and children worked in the mines hauling coal along narrow tunnels

• My father took the 8.15 train every morning for thirty years

• A hundred candidates took the test

• What events led to the American Revolution?

*mine (n): mỏ, nguồn, kho

*tunnel (n): đường hầm, hang, ống

*revolution (n): cuộc cách mạng

Past simple

Also appear in conditional sentences, but don't refer to the past time

• If I knew the answer, I would tell you

• If she had much time, she would travel a lot

Past continuous

• In a narrative context with events in past simple, describing continuing unfinished actions

• Continuing unfinished actions describe the background to a sudden event

• The ship was sinking, and there weren't enough lifeboards for all the passengers

• While they were getting into the lifeboards, the ship suddenly went down

*lifeboard (n): ván cứu sinh

*sudden (a): thình lình, đột ngột

*sink (v): chìm, thụt, hạ thấp dần dần

Past continuous

Past continuous verbs can describe a number of activities used as background

• We looked out across the sea . Passengers were floating in the water and sailors were trying to pull them into lifeboards

Past continuous

It is possible to describe two continuing events happening at the same time

Describing a changing stuation

• While the passengers were beginning to lose hope, rescue ships were approaching

• The weather was getting worse by the hour

*rescue (n): sự giải thoát, sự cứu nguy

*approach (v): đến gần, tới gần

Open Ended

Complete the second sentences

1. What were you in my room for? (What_____in my room?)

2. The start of the match was at 3:00 (The match_____at 3:00)

3.