GOALS WHI Lesson 4

The Rise of Western Europe and the Renaissance

Poll

Would you rather be a wizard or a superhero?

• A wizard, of course!!!

• A superhero with many powers!!!

• None, that sounds boring...

WHI.10, 11, 14

• After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, Germanic and Scandinavian kingdoms emerged as powerful forces.

• Germanic civilization was influenced by various cultural forces as it established itself in Europe.

​WHI.10a

• Classical heritage of Rome

• Christian beliefs

• Customs of Germanic tribes

​

​Foundations of Early Medieval Society

• Scandinavia—Vikings

• England—Angles and Saxons

• Present-day France and Germany—Franks

​

​Location

• Frankish kings used military power to expand their territory.

• The alliance between Frankish kings and the Church increased papal authority and influence in Western Europe.

​WHI.10b

• Franks emerged as a force in Western Europe.

• The Pope crowned Charlemagne emperor.

• Power of the Church was established in political life.

• Classical Roman Latin was revived as the language of scholars but disappeared as a language of everyday life, replaced by French, Italian, Spanish, or other languages.

• Most of Western Europe was included in the new empire.

• Churches, roads, and schools were built to unite the empire.

Social, religious, and cultural developments during the Age of Charlemagne

​Invasions by Angles, Saxons, and Magyars disrupted the social, economic, and political order of Europe.

​

WHI.10c

• Angles and Saxons migrated to England in the fifth century.

• The Magyars migrated to central Europe in the tenth century.

• Tribal units were led by chieftains.

• Invasions disrupted trade; towns declined.

• The Angles, Saxons, and Magyars gradually converted to Christianity.

• After converting to Christianity, the Angles, Saxons, and Magyars adopted literacy.

Social, Religious, and Cultural Development

​Invasions by Vikings disrupted the social, economic, and political order of Europe.

​

WHI.10d

• The Viking attacks took place mostly in the 9th and 10th centuries.

• Tribal units were led by chieftains.

• Lack of arable land led to exploration and invasion.

• Invasions disrupted trade; towns declined.

• The Vikings observed a polytheistic religion but gradually converted to Christianity.

• Viking attacks contributed to the collapse of the Frankish Empire founded by Charlemagne.

• Vikings settled in the areas known today as Russia, Iceland, and Greenland, and briefly in North America.

• Eastern European sea and river trade.

​

​Social, Religious, and Cultural Development

​The decline of Roman influence in Western Europe left people with little protection against invasion, so they entered into feudal agreements with landholding lords who promised them protection.

​

WHI.10e

Feudal Society

Invasions shattered Roman protection over the Empire.

Feudalism emerged gradually between the fall of the Western Roman Empire (fifth century) and the collapse of the Carolingian Empire (tenth century).

Feudal society during the Middle Ages

• Fiefs

• Vassals

• Serfs

• Feudal obligations

Manorial system during the Middle Ages

• Rigid class structure

• Self-sufficient manors

Multiple Choice

The foundations of early Medieval society were based on all of the following EXCEPT

• Customs of Germanic tribes

• Confucianism

• Christian beliefs

• Classical heritage of Rome

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best completes the graphic?

• A great division occurred within the empire

• Secular authority increased throughout Europe

• Greco-Roman cultural achievements declines

• A renewed unity between the church and the government

Multiple Choice

In 800 AD, who did Pope Leo crown the Holy Roman Emperor?

• Justinian

• Constantine

• Charlemagne

• Muhammad

Multiple Choice

What was the primary role of serfs in the feudal system?

• Explorers

• Soldiers

• Laborers

• Missionaries

Multiple Choice

Where did the Magyars settle?

• Norway

• Hungary

• Italy

• Denmark

Multiple Choice

The Frankish kings expanded their territory MOST often through:

• Agreement

• Inheritance

• Marriage

• Conquest

​During the medieval period, several major trading routes developed in the Eastern Hemisphere. These trading routes developed among Europe, Africa, and Asia.

WHI.11a

• Silk Routes across Asia to the Mediterranean Basin

• Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean

• Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa

• Northern European links with the Black Sea

• South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia.

​

Major Patterns of the Eastern Hemisphere from 1000-1500 CE

​Regional trade networks and long-distance trade routes in Asia aided the diffusion and exchange of technology and culture.

​

WHI.11b

• Spices from lands around the Indian Ocean

• Textiles from India, China, the Middle East, and later Europe

• Porcelain from China and Persia

Goods

• Paper from China through the Muslim world to Byzantium and Western Europe

• New crops from India (e.g., for making sugar)

• Waterwheels and windmills from the Middle East

• Navigation: Compass from China, lateen sail from Indian Ocean region​

​Technology

• Spread of religions across the hemisphere

• Buddhism from China to Korea and Japan

• Hinduism and Buddhism from India to Southeast Asia

• Islam into West Africa, Central and Southeast Asia

• Printing and paper money from China

​Ideas

• ​Japanese cultural development was influenced by proximity to China.

• Shinto and Buddhism coexisted as religious traditions in the Japanese culture.

WHI.11c

• Mountainous Japanese archipelago (four main islands)

• Sea of Japan or East Sea between Japan and Asian mainland

• Proximity to China and Korea

​

​Location and Place

• Writing

• Architecture

• Buddhism​

​Influence of Chinese Culture

• Ethnic religion unique to Japan

• Importance of natural features, forces of nature, and ancestors

• State religion; worship of the emperor

• Coexistence with Buddhism

​

​Shinto

​Mongol armies invaded Russia, Southwest Asia, and China, creating an empire.

WHI.11d

The Mongols

• Nomadic herders

• Genghis Khan

• Golden Horde

• Mongols converted to local religions, such as Islam, after conquest

Mongol armies

• Invaded Russia, China, and Muslim states in Southwest Asia, destroying cities and countryside

• Created an empire

​The Mongols

Multiple Choice

Which religion belongs in the shaded part of this diagram?

• Buddhism

• Hinduism

• Confucianism

• Shintoism

Multiple Choice

Which map shows the Japanese archipelago?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the route labeled on the map?

• Roman Road

• Japanese Invasion Route

• Mongol Invasion Route

• Silk Road

Multiple Choice

Which country does this symbol represent the official state religion?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

​European monarchies consolidated their power in the high and late medieval periods.

​

WHI.14a

• William the Conqueror, leader of the Norman Conquest, united most of England.

• King John signed the Magna Carta, limiting the king’s power.

• The Hundred Years’ War between England and France helped define England as a nation.

• Parliament evolved.

​England

• The Capetian dynasty united most of France, and King Philip II (Augustus) made Paris the French capital.

• The Hundred Years’ War between England and France helped define France as a nation.

• Joan of Arc was a unifying factor.

​France

• Ferdinand and Isabella unified most of Spain and expelled Jews and Moors.

• Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded under Charles V.

​

​Spain

• ​The Crusades were carried out by Christian political and religious leaders to take control of the Holy Land from the Muslims.

• Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine Empire.

​

WHI.14b

• Pope Urban’s speech

• The capture of Jerusalem

• Founding of Crusader states

• Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin

• Sack of Constantinople by western Crusaders​

​Key Events of the Crusades

• Strengthened monarchs, who gained new powers of taxation in conjunction with the Crusades

• Caused disillusionment with popes and nobles, who began to launch and fight crusades against fellow Christians

• Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean area and the Middle East

• Left a legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews, and Muslims

• Weakened the Byzantine Empire

​

​Effects of the Crusades

• Fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire

• Became capital of the Ottoman Empire

​

​Constantinople

​In the fourteenth century, the Black Death (bubonic plague) decimated the population of much of Asia and then the population of much of Europe.

WHI.14c

• Decline in population

• Scarcity of labor

• Attempts by lords to restrict wage increases and land acquisitions

• Large-scale peasant revolts

• Massacres of Jewish populations blamed for the Black Death

• Disruption of trade

​Impact of the Black Death (bubonic plague)

• ​Education was largely confined to the clergy during the Middle Ages.

• The masses were uneducated, while the nobility was concerned with feudal obligations.

• Church scholars preserved ancient literature in monasteries in the East and West.

WHI.14d

• Were among the very few who could read and write

• Worked in monasteries

• Translated Greek and Arabic works into Latin

• Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and science available in Europe

• Laid the foundations for the rise of universities in Europe in the thirteenth century

​

​Church Scholars

Multiple Choice

According to the passage, what was a major result of the Hundred Years' War?

• France became the new leader of the of the Holy Roman Empire

• France began to develop a strong monarchy

• The military increasingly ensured economic prosperity in France

• The Catholic Church lost power in France

Multiple Choice

These events occurred in the nation-state of:

• France

• Spain

• Russia

• England

Multiple Choice

Pope Urban's speech helped to start the:

• Hundred Years' War

• First Crusade

• Norman Conquest

• Holy Roman Empire

Multiple Choice

What event is described by the quotation?

• Triumph of the Ottoman Turks at Tours

• Collapse of Rome as a result of the barbarian invasions

• Triumph of Pope Urban in taking the Holy Land

• Collapse of Western control of Jerusalem

Multiple Choice

Which empire is described by the characteristics in the chart?

• Persian Empire

• Ottoman Empire

• Byzantine Empire

• Mongol Empire

Multiple Choice

What caused this change in European population?

• The Crusades

• The Black Death

• Norman Conquest

• The Mongols

Multiple Choice

Which factor was MOST important to the establishment of universities in Europe?

• The support of craftsmen

• The education of peasants

• The rise of elected assemblies

• The work of church scholars

Multiple Choice

The Magna Carta limited the king's power in

• England

• France

• Spain

• Portugal

• Germany

Multiple Choice

Joan of Arc led the armies of the

• French

• English

• Spanish

• Dutch

• Portuguese

Multiple Choice

He signed the Magna Carta

• King John

• Henry II

• William the Conqueror

• Hugh Capet

• Joan of Arc

Multiple Choice

These two countries fought during the Hundred Years' War

• England and France

• Italy and Germany

• France and Germany

• England and Spain

• Spain and Portugal

Multiple Select

Select the two groups that were expelled from Spain under the rule of Ferdinand and Isabella

• Muslim Moors

• Jews

• Christians

• Incans

• Followers of Shinto

Open Ended

What is one thing that you have learned today?