The Human Body Part 2: The Nervous, Skeletal, & Muscle System

The Nervous System, The Skeletal System, and Muscles

Multiple Choice

Which of the following does NOT play a role in Maintaining Homeostasis of your body temperature?

• Shivering

• Sweating

• Increasing your heart rate

• Seeking shade

Multiple Choice

The ______________ is the largest part of the brain

• cerebrum

• cerebellum

• thalamus

• hypothalamus

Multiple Choice

A group of the same type of cells that work together for a purpose are called -

•  a tissue

• an organ

• an organ system

• an unicellular organism

Multiple Choice

This part of the brain coordinates movement and balance.

• Cerebrum

• Cerebellum

• Brain stem

• Spinal Cord

Multiple Choice

The shown figure highlights - 

• a system of the body

• an organ of the body

• a tissue of the body

• a cell of the body

Multiple Choice

The Yellow part of the brain is the

• Frontal Lobe

• Brain Stem

• Cerebellum

• Occipital Lobe

Multiple Choice

A group of different tissues working together is - 

• an organ

• an organ system

• a   prokaryote

• a cell

Multiple Choice

They hypothalamus controls the release of hormones but also does what?

• moderates body functions such as sleeping and body temperature

• checks information relayed to working memory

• controls the excess of the emotional system

• fine tunes our thoughts, emotions, and senses

Multiple Choice

The levels of organization from the simplest to the most complex are

• Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

• Organisms, organs, tissues, cells, organ systems

• Cells, organs, organ systems, tissues, organism

• Tissues, cells, organs, organism

Lesson Objectives

• Describe the functions and parts of the nervous system

• Identify the structure of parts of the nervous system

• Identify the function and structures of the skeletal system

Introduction

• The Nervous System: The parts of the body that collect information about the body's internal and external environments and control the body's activities

  • Divided into two parts

    • Central Nervous System: The Brain and spinal cord

    • Peripheral Nervous System: All other nerves in the body

Nervous System Cells

• Two types of cells make up the nervous system

  • Neurons: Recieves and transmits electrical signals from one part of the body to another

  • Glial Cells: Support, insulate, and protect the neurons

Parts of a Neuron

• Dendrites: receive information from other neurons or cells

• Cell body: Holds the nucleus and organelles of the cell

• Axon: transmits information to other neurons or cells

Kinds of a Neuron

• Sensory Neurons: Carry information from the senses to the central nervous system

• Interneurons: Connect neurons to other neurons

  • found exclusively in the central nervous system

• Motor Neurons: carry directions from the central nervous system to muscles or organs

  • Motor neurons are divided into two categories

    • Somatic Nervous System: Voluntary actions

    • Autonomic Nervous System: control involuntary actions

      • Breathing

Divisions in the Nervous System

• The nervous system can be split into two divisions

  • Sympathetic Nervous system: prepares the body for danger

    • Fight or flight response

    • Speeds up some parts of the body while slowing down others

  • Parasympathetic Nervous System: calms the body down

Drag and Drop

The brain and spinal cord are the two parts of the ​

Placeholder

nervous system.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Central

Peripheral

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Skeletal

Multiple Choice

You are running in the gym and notice a basketball coming toward your face. Without thinking, you dodge it. Which type of motor neurons allowed this to happen?

• Somatic

• Autonomic

• Both Somatic & Autonomic

Multiple Select

Select all the types of Nerve Cells

• Neurons

• Glial

• Axial

• Epithelial

Multiple Choice

Which types of neurons control your muscle movements?

• Sensory Neurons

• Interneurons

• Motor Neurons

• All Neurons do this

Multiple Choice

You are walking and notice your shoes are untied. You stop walking and tie your shoes. Which type of neurons allowed this to happen?

• Somatic

• Autonomic

• Both Somatic & Autonomic

Labelling

Label the parts of the Neuron

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Cell Body

Dendrites

Axon

The Skeleton

• The human skeleton is made up of both bones and cartilage

• Protects organs and supports the body

• Works with muscles to allow them to move

• Makes blood cells

• Adults have 206 bones in total

  • Babies have more that fuse together as you age

Joints

• The skeleton works with muscles to allow the body to move

• Joints: Movable connections between bones

  • Different types of joints move in different ways

    • Hinge Joints in your elbows and knees

    • Ball and Socket Joints in your shoulder and hips

      • Rotates almost 360 Degrees

Bones

• Bones have three layers

  • Compact Bone: The hard outermost layer, that protects the inner parts

  • Spongy Bone: A lighter and less dense middle layer that contains marrow

  • Marrow: a jelly-like substance inside bones

    • Red Marrow makes blood cells

    • Yellow Marrow stores fat

Muscles

• Muscles directly cause parts of your body to move

  • More than 600 muscles in a human body

• Work by contracting and pulling on bones

  • Tendons: the structures that connect muscles to bones

How do Muscles Move?

• Muscles are made up of long fibers

  • each fiber is a cell with multiple nuclei

  • Contains a smaller bundle of elements called myofibrils

  • Sarcomeres: smaller sections of a myofibril

    • Receive signals from neurons that cause them to slide and contract, and then release

• Two proteins, actin and myosin are send signals to the sacromeres

Multiple Choice

About how many bones do adults have?

• 300

• 50

• 206

• 500

Multiple Choice

Bones can make blood cells. True or False?

• True

• False

Multiple Select

The Skeletal System accomplishes which two functions?

• Provides support and structure

• Pumps blood through the body

• Helps the body bend and move

• Protects the body from germs

Multiple Choice

When your body bends down to do squats you are probably using what type of joint?

• Ball and Socket Joint

• Hinge Joint

Multiple Choice

Which joint helps bones move in all directions?

• Ball and Socket Joint

• Hinge Joint

• Pivot Joint

Multiple Choice

What are the 2 types of bone tissue?

• spongy bone and compact bone

• marrow and blood vessels

• axial and appendicular