1.1 Prinicipals of Government

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•

Social Studies

•

12th Grade

•

Practice Problem

•

Hard

Gabriel Stuck

Used 1+ times

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110 Slides • 0 Questions

Chapter 1: Principles of Government

Section 1

Slide 2

Chapter 1, Section 1

Objectives

1. Define government and the basic powers

every government holds.

2. Describe the four defining characteristics

of a state.

3. Identify four theories that attempt to

explain the origin of the state.

4. Understand the purpose of government

in the United States and other countries.

Slide 3

Chapter 1, Section 1

Key Terms

• government: the institution through which a

society makes and enforces public policies

• public policies: all the things a government

decides to do

• legislative power: the power to make laws
• executive power: the power to enforce and

administer laws

• judicial power: the per to interpret laws
• constitution: the body of fundamental laws

setting out the principles, structures, and
processes of a government.

Slide 4

Chapter 1, Section 1

Key Terms, cont.

• dictatorship: a government in which all power

rests with an individual or small group

• democracy: a government in which supreme

authority rests with the people

• state: a body of people, living in a defined

territory, with a government that can make and
enforce law without the consent of any higher
authority

• population: the number of people in a particular

state or other area

• territory: the land, with known and recognized

boundaries, claimed by a state

Slide 5

Chapter 1, Section 1

Key Terms, cont.

• sovereignty: a state’s supreme and absolute

power within the its own territory

• divine right: the theory that governments gain

their authority from the will of God

• population: the number of people in a particular

state or other area

• force theory: the idea that the state was born

when one individual or group claimed control of
an area and forced others within it to submit to
that persons or group’s rule

Slide 6

Chapter 1, Section 1

Key Terms, cont.

• evolutionary theory: the idea that the state arose

out of the early family, which over tie developed into
a network of families and then into a tribe and, with
the rise of agriculture, into a state

• theory of the divine right of kings: the idea that

God grants authority to a government

• social contract theory: the idea that people, who

had freedom but lacked protection and security,
agreed with one another to create a state in which
they would, through a social contract , give up as
much power ot the state as needed to promote the
safety and well-being of all

Slide 7

Chapter 1, Section 1

Hook Video

–https://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=lrk4oY7UxpQ&list=PL8dPuu
aLjXtOfse2ncvffeelTrqvhrz8H

Slide 8

Chapter 1, Section 1

Introduction

• What is government and what is its

purpose?

– Government is the institution that allows a

society to make and enforce public policies

– Every government has three basic types of

power. These include the legislative power
to make laws, the executive power to
enforce laws, and the judicial power to
interpret laws and settle disputes.

Slide 9

Chapter 1, Section 1

Basic Types of Government

• In a dictatorship, all

powers are held by one
person or group.

• In a democracy,

authority lies with the
people.

• The U.S. government

gives executive power
to the President,
legislative power to
Congress, and judicial
power to the Supreme
Court.

Executive

Judiciary

Legislative

Slide 10

Chapter 1, Section 1

The State

• States are the main unit of government in the

world today.

– There are more than 200 states, varying greatly in

size, population, and power.

– A state is not strictly the same thing as a nation

(which refers to large groups of people) or a country
(which refers to a particular region).

• Every state has four basic characteristics:

population, territory, sovereignty, and
a government.

Slide 11

Chapter 1, Section 1

Population and Territory

• Every state has a population, whether large or

small, diverse or homogeneous.
– China (right) has a

large population
that is reflected in
its landscape.

• A state must have

territory, land with
known and
recognized
boundaries.

Slide 12

Chapter 1, Section 1

Sovereignty and Government

• Every state has

sovereignty, the
absolute power within
its own territory to
decide domestic and
foreign policies.

• Each state has a

government, a
political organization
to make and enforce
its policies.

Slide 13

Chapter 1, Section 1

Sovereignty and Government

Population

A state must have people,
the number of which does
not directly relate to its
existence.

Territory

A state must be comprised
of land—territory with known
and recognized boundaries.

Sovereignty

Every state is sovereign. It
has supreme and absolute
power within its own
territory and decides its own
foreign and domestic
policies.

Government

Every state has a
government — that is, it is
politically organized.

Slide 14

Chapter 1, Section 1

Slide 15

Chapter 1, Section 1

Slide 16

Chapter 1, Section 1

Origins of the State

• Many theories have been

developed to explain the origins
of the state.

• These include the force theory,

the evolutionary theory, the
divine right theory, and the
social contract theory.

Slide 17

Chapter 1, Section 1

• The force theory

holds that an
individual or group
claims control over a
territory and forces
the population to
submit.

• The state then

becomes sovereign
and those in control
form a government.

The Force Theory

Slide 18

Chapter 1, Section 1

• The evolutionary theory

says that a population
formed out of primitive
families.

• The heads of these families

became the government.

• When these families settled

in one territory and claimed
it as their own, they
became a sovereign state.

Evolutionary Theory

Slide 19

Chapter 1, Section 1

• The divine right

theory holds that God
created the state,
making it sovereign.

• The government is

made up of those
chosen by God to rule
a certain territory. The
population must obey
their ruler.

Divine Right Theory

Slide 20

Chapter 1, Section 1

• Checkpoint: What is the Social Contract Theory?

– The social contract theory was

developed by philosophers
such as Thomas Hobbes,
John Locke, and Jean
Jacques Rousseau and has
had the greatest influence
on United States government.

– This theory holds that

the people chose to give
the state enough power
to promote the well-being of
everyone and that all political
power comes from the will of
the people.

Social Contract Theory

Slide 21

Chapter 1, Section 1

Social Contract Theory, cont.

• Social contract theory holds that the people can

withhold power from an unjust government.

• In the political cartoon, what types of government

might restrict people from “having it as good as
this”?

Slide 22

Chapter 1, Section 1

Origins of State

The Force Theory
• The force theory states that one person or a small group took

control of an area and forced all within it to submit to that
person’s or group’s rule.

The Evolutionary Theory
• The evolutionary theory argues that the state evolved

naturally out of the early family.

The Divine Right Theory
• The theory of divine right holds that God created the state and

that God gives those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule.

The Social Contract Theory
• The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a

voluntary act of free people.

Slide 23

Chapter 1, Section 1

Origins of State

Slide 24

Chapter 1, Section 1

Purpose of Government

• The Preamble to the U.S. Constitution sets

forth the basic purposes of America’s
government.

– It forms “a more perfect Union” by uniting the

state governments and the American people.

– It establishes justice by attempting to create

and administer laws in a fair, reasonable, and
impartial fashion.

Slide 25

Chapter 1, Section 1

Purpose of Government, cont.

• Government offers

domestic tranquility, or
peace at home, by
providing law and
order.

• Government provides

for the nation’s defense
by maintaining armed
forces and safe-
guarding national
security.

Slide 26

Chapter 1, Section 1

Purpose of Government, cont.

• The U.S. government promotes the

general welfare of citizens by providing
services, such as public education, that
benefit all or most people.

• The government helps secure the

blessings of liberty by guaranteeing many
individual rights and liberties.
– These freedoms are not absolute—you are

not free to violate the liberties of others.

Slide 27

Chapter 1, Section 1

Purpose of Government, cont.

• Each generation must

strive for patriotism by
learning and
protecting these
freedoms.
– What does the phrase

“thank your lucky
stars” in the political
cartoon at right refer
to?

Slide 28

Chapter 1, Section 1

Review

1. Define government and the basic powers

every government holds.

2. Describe the four defining characteristics

of a state.

3. Identify four theories that attempt to

explain the origin of the state.

4. Understand the purpose of government

in the United States and other countries.

Slide 29

Chapter 1, Section 1

Exit Ticket

1.Complete 1.1 Exit ticket

& Assessment on
Canvas

Chapter 1:
Lesson 2: Types of Government

Slide 31

Chapter 1, Section 1

Objectives

1. Classify governments according to three

sets of characteristics.

2. Define systems of government based on

who can participate.

3. Identify ways that power can be

distributed, geographically, within a state.

4. Describe a government by the distribution

of power between the legislative branch
and executive branch.

Slide 32

Chapter 1, Section 1

Hook Video

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdh9xo

47OWM

Slide 33

Chapter 1, Section 1

Key Terms

• autocracy: government in which a single

person holds all political power

• oligarchy: government in which a small,

usually self-appointed group has the sole
power to rule

• Theocracy: a form of government in which

the legal system is based on religious law

• unitary government: a government in which

all power belongs to one central agency

Slide 34

Chapter 1, Section 1

Key Terms, cont.

• federal government: a government in which

power is divided between one central and
several local governments

• division of powers: the split of power

between central and local governments

• confederation: an alliance of independent

states

• presidential government: a government

with separate executive and legislative
branches

Slide 35

Chapter 1, Section 1

Key Terms, cont.

• division of powers: the split of power

between central and local governments

• confederation: an alliance of independent

states

• presidential government: a government

with separate executive and legislative
branches

• parliamentary government: a government

in which the executive branch is part of the
legislative branch and subject to its control

Slide 36

Chapter 1, Section 1

Introduction

• What are some forms of government in the world

today?

– Democracies and dictatorships are classified

according to who can participate in government.

– Unitary, federal, and confederation-style governments

are classified based on how power is divided
geographically.

– Presidential and parliamentary governments are

defined by the relationship between the executive and
legislative branches.

Slide 37

Chapter 1, Section 1

The Purpose of Government

The main purposes of government are described in the

Preamble of the Constitution of the United States:

“We the People of the United States, in Order to

form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,
insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the

common defence, promote the general Welfare,
and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves
and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States of America.”

Slide 38

Chapter 1, Section 1

S E C T I O N 2
Forms of Government

• How can we classify governments?

• How are systems of government defined in

terms of who can participate?

• How is power distributed within a state?

• How are governments defined by the

relationship between the legislative and
executive branches?

Chapter 1, Section 2

Slide 39

Chapter 1, Section 1

Chapter 1, Section 2

Classifying Governments

Governments can be classified by three

different standards:

(1) Who can participate in the governing process.
(2) The geographic distribution of the

governmental power within the state.

(3) The relationship between the legislative

(lawmaking) and the executive (law-

executing) branches of the government.

Slide 40

Chapter 1, Section 1

Classification by Who Can

Participate

Chapter 1, Section 2

Democracy

•In a democracy, supreme
political authority rests with
the people.

•A direct democracy exists
where the will of the people is
translated into law directly by
the people themselves.

•In an indirect democracy, a
small group of persons,
chosen by the people to act
as their representatives,
expresses the popular will.

Dictatorship

•A dictatorship exists where
those who rule cannot be
held responsible to the will of
the people.

•An autocracy is a
government in which a
single person holds unlimited
political power.

•An oligarchy is a
government in which the
power to rule is held by a
small, usually self-appointed
elite.

Slide 41

Chapter 1, Section 1

Classification by Geographic

Distribution of Power

Unitary Government

• A unitary government

has all powers held by
a single, central
agency.

Chapter 1, Section 2

•
Confederate Government

• A confederation on is

an alliance of
independent states.

A federal government is one in which the powers of

government are divided between a central government
and several local governments.

An authority superior to both the central and local

governments makes this division of power on a
geographic basis.

Slide 42

Chapter 1, Section 1

Classification by the Relationship
Between Legislative and Executive

Branches

Chapter 1, Section 2

Slide 43

Chapter 1, Section 1

Forms of Government

Chapter 1, Section 2

Slide 44

Chapter 1, Section 1

Chapter 1, Section 3

Basic Concepts of Democracy

• What are the foundations of

democracy?

• What are the connections between

democracy and the free enterprise
system?

• How has the Internet affected

democracy?

Slide 45

Chapter 1, Section 1

Chapter 1, Section 3

Foundations

The American concept of democracy rests on

these basic notions:

(1) A recognition of the fundamental worth and dignity of

every person;

(2) A respect for the equality of all persons;
(3) A faith in majority rule and an insistence upon minority

rights;

(4) An acceptance of the necessity of compromise; and
(5) An insistence upon the widest possible degree of

individual freedom.

Slide 46

Chapter 1, Section 1

Democracy and the Free Enterprise System

• The free enterprise system is an economic system

characterized by private or corporate ownership of
capital goods; investments that are determined by
private decision rather than by state control; and
determined in a free market.

• Decisions in a free enterprise system are

determined by the law of supply and demand.

• An economy in which private enterprise exists in

combination with a considerable amount of
government regulation and promotion is called a
mixed economy.

Slide 47

Chapter 1, Section 1

Democracy and the

Internet

Chapter 1, Section 3

• Democracy demands that the people be

widely informed about their government.

• Theoretically, the Internet makes

knowledgeable participation in democratic
process easier than ever before.

• However, all data on the World Wide Web

is not necessarily true, and the long-term
effects of the Internet on democracy has
yet to be determined.

Slide 48

Chapter 1, Section 1

Direct Democracy

• In a direct or pure

democracy, the
people pass laws by
discussing and voting
on them in meetings,
such as town
meetings.

• This system works

only in small
communities.

Slide 49

Chapter 1, Section 1

Indirect Democracy

• In an indirect or

representative
democracy, the people
elect agents who make
and carry out the laws.

• These representatives

rule with the consent of
the governed and can
be removed by the
people at election time.

Slide 50

Chapter 1, Section 1

• The United Kingdom is a

constitutional
monarchy.

• Most power lies with the

Parliament, which is
elected by the people.

• The queen is the head of

state, while the head of
government is the Prime
Minister, who is the head
of the leading party in
Parliament.

Example Democracies

Slide 51

Chapter 1, Section 1

Example Democracies, cont.

• The United States is a constitution-based federal

republic.

• The President and members of Congress are

chosen by the people.

• The President is both Chief of State and Head of

Government.

Slide 52

Chapter 1, Section 1

Dictatorships

• Checkpoint: What is the difference

between an oligarchy and an autocracy?

– In an autocracy, one person holds total

political power, while in an oligarchy a small
elite group shares political power.

– Both are forms of dictatorships, holding

absolute and unchallenged authority over the
people, who have no say in government.

Slide 53

Chapter 1, Section 1

Example Dictatorships

• Some dictatorships are like that of China, where

people can vote only for candidates from one
political party and the legislature does whatever the
dictatorship says.

• Other dictatorships are like the one in Myanmar,

where the military rules and there are no elections.

Slide 54

Chapter 1, Section 1

Classification by Who Can

Participate

Chapter 1, Section 2

Democracy

•In a democracy, supreme
political authority rests with
the people.

•A direct democracy exists
where the will of the people is
translated into law directly by
the people themselves.

•In an indirect democracy, a
small group of persons,
chosen by the people to act
as their representatives,
expresses the popular will.

Dictatorship

•A dictatorship exists where
those who rule cannot be
held responsible to the will of
the people.

•An autocracy is a
government in which a
single person holds unlimited
political power.

•An oligarchy is a
government in which the
power to rule is held by a
small, usually self-appointed
elite.

Slide 55

Chapter 1, Section 1

Classical Forms of Gov’t

Slide 56

Chapter 1, Section 1

Unitary Government

• In a unitary model, all

power belongs to the
central government,
which may grant some
powers to local
governments.

• The powers of the central

government may be
limited or unlimited.

• Most governments in the

world are unitary in form.

Slide 57

Chapter 1, Section 1

Federal Government

• In the federal model,

power is divided between
a central government and
several local
governments, usually
according to a
constitution.

• The U.S. and some 25

other states have federal
forms of government.

Slide 58

Chapter 1, Section 1

Confederate Government

• A confederation is an

alliance of independent
governments that grant
limited powers, usually
involving defense or
foreign affairs, to a
central government.

• The European Union is

similar to a
confederation.

Slide 59

Chapter 1, Section 1

Power in Three Systems of
Government

Slide 60

Chapter 1, Section 1

Presidential Government

• A presidential

government divides
executive and
legislative power
between two
branches.

• The details of this

separation of powers
are spelled out in a
constitution.

Slide 61

Chapter 1, Section 1

Parliamentary Government

•In a parliamentary
government, the legislature
chooses the executive,
which is part of the
legislature and under its
control.

•A majority of world
governments use the
parliamentary system,
which lacks some checks
and balances but promotes
cooperation between the
executive and legislative
branches.

Slide 62

Chapter 1, Section 1

Parliamentary Government, cont.

• The prime minister is the head of the leading

party in Parliament and chooses cabinet
members from the Parliament.

• If the Parliament

loses confidence
in the Prime
Minister and
cabinet, elections
are held to form a
new government.

Slide 63

Chapter 1, Section 1

Presidential vs Parliamentary

Slide 64

Chapter 1, Section 1

Review

1. Classify governments according to three

sets of characteristics.

2. Define systems of government based on

who can participate.

3. Identify ways that power can be

distributed, geographically, within a state.

4. Describe a government by the distribution

of power between the legislative branch
and executive branch.

Chapter 1: Origins of the Modern

Democratic State

Section 3

Slide 66

Chapter 1, Section 1

Objectives

Identify the ancient foundations of the state in
Athens, in Rome, and in the feudal system.

Analyze the rise of sovereign states.

Explain how governments can achieve
legitimacy.

Understand why European nations turned to
colonialism.

Understand how Enlightenment ideas helped
influence the expansion of popular
sovereignty.

Slide 67

Chapter 1, Section 1

Key Terms

• patricians: the wealthy social class in the

Roman Republic

• plebeians: the common folk in the Roman

Republic

• feudalism: a loosely organized system in

which powerful lords divided their lands
among other lesser lords

• sovereignty: the utmost authority in decision

making and in maintaining order

Slide 68

Chapter 1, Section 1

Key Terms, cont.

• legitimacy: the people’s belief that a

government has the right to make public policy

• divine right of kings: a form of legitimacy

based on the idea that monarchs receive their
authority from God

• colonialism: the control by one nation over

lands abroad

• mercantilism: an economic and political theory

that emphasizes money as the chief way to
increase the absolute power of the monarchy
and the nation

Slide 69

Chapter 1, Section 1

Introduction

• On what early political ideas and traditions was

modern government founded?

– Early examples of representative government

included the Athenian democracy and the Roman
Republic.

– These representative governments were replaced first

by feudalism and later by the rise of powerful
monarchies with strong centralized states, national
identities, and a need for legitimacy.

Slide 70

Chapter 1, Section 1

Ancient Democracies

• 45 Minute Video over ancient democracies

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rjAmg5lbaQ

– 3 Minute Video covering creation of democracy
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6jgWxkbR7A

Slide 71

Chapter 1, Section 1

Athens: The First Democracy

• The concept of democracy—rule by the

people—was born in the independent
Greek city-states, especially Athens.

– Athenian laws were made by the majority vote

of an Assembly of male citizens at least 18
years of age.

– The Assembly’s agenda was set by a Council

of 500 randomly chosen citizens.

Slide 72

Chapter 1, Section 1

• Some Athenian

judges were randomly
chosen to do day-to-
day work for one-
month terms.

• Others staffed courts

and served one-year
terms.

Athens: the First Democracy

Slide 73

Chapter 1, Section 1

The Roman Republic

• Rome replaced its monarchy with a republic that

lasted some 400 years before becoming an
empire.

• Roman society was divided between a wealthy

patrician class and the common plebeians.

• The 300-member Senate was elected by the

citizens, with both patrician and plebeian
Senators.
– Women, slaves, and the foreign-born could not vote

or hold office.

Slide 74

Chapter 1, Section 1

The Roman Republic, cont.

• The republic was

headed by two
consuls elected by
the Senate.

– The consuls

commanded the
army, conducted
foreign affairs,
presided over the
Senate, and
enforced its decrees.

Slide 75

Chapter 1, Section 1

The Roman Republic, cont.

Slide 76

Chapter 1, Section 1

American Government–Building on the Past

Christianity began in the Middle East and diffused across widely settled lands. Analyze Maps
According to the map, how far had Christianity spread by about 800 A.D.?

Slide 77

Chapter 1, Section 1

Feudalism

• Feudalism arose during the Middle Ages,

which lasted from the fall of Rome to the 16th
century.

• In the feudal system, lords with land and

power agreed to protect their vassals in
exchange for loyalty, military service, and a
share of the crops the vassals produced.
– Each lord might have lords above them and

vassals might be lords in their own right over
lesser vassals.

Slide 78

Chapter 1, Section 1

Feudalism, cont.

• Serfs were peasants bound to their land and

their lord.

• The Roman Catholic Church combined with the

feudal system to give some order to Europe.

– Most Europeans became Catholics.

– By the late Middle Ages, the pope and his bishops

had enough land and power to compete with feudal
lords for influence over the people.

Slide 79

Chapter 1, Section 1

Commercial Revolution

• The Black Plague of the 1340s killed a third of

western Europe’s population and weakened
feudalism.

• The drop in population increased the demand for

labor, leading to better wages and work
conditions for peasants.

• Trade and money became more valuable than

land, encouraging the growth of new towns that
were centers of trade—especially with Central
Europe and Asia—and new political freedoms.

Slide 80

Chapter 1, Section 1

The Rise of Monarchies

• By the 1400s, monarchs were gaining power

in nations such as England, Spain, and
France.
– Rulers centralized power by setting up national

governments with strong legal systems, taxes,
and armies.

– Monarchs hired loyal civil servants to help

manage state affairs from a national rather than a
regional perspective.

– These steps fostered the growth of national

identities among the peoples of Europe.

Slide 81

Chapter 1, Section 1

The Rise of Monarchies, cont.

• Monarchs, now representing the centralized state,

were seen as having sovereignty—
absolute authority—over all subjects.

• They could make

laws for the
entire nation and
its people,
including nobles.

Slide 82

Chapter 1, Section 1

Nations and Kings

During the Middle Ages, kings had absolute power over their subjects. Analyze Charts How did
the structure of the government support “absolute monarchies?”

Slide 83

Chapter 1, Section 1

Roots of the Sovereign State

Slide 84

Chapter 1, Section 1

Legitimacy

• Checkpoint: Why is legitimacy important?

– All governments need their people to accept the

government’s right to make public policy.

– Legitimacy can be gained through personal

popularity or by tradition, such as the belief that
God grants authority to monarchs.

– Legitimacy can also be gained when the

government binds itself to the rule of law, such as
in the United States.

Slide 85

Chapter 1, Section 1

Looking Overseas

• By the 1500s, European monarchies were

embracing mercantilism.

– Domestic industry was developed and protected in order to

gain a favorable balance of trade, which would enrich the
state.

– Explorers sought overseas lands where monarchs founded

colonies. This attracted settlers and shipped needed raw
materials (including gold and silver) back home.

– European colonization led to new developments in

government, such as the eventual founding of the United
States.

Slide 86

Chapter 1, Section 1

European Colonialism

Christopher Columbus's voyage to the East Indies was one of many explorations funded by
European monarchs. Identify Cause and Effect How did these voyages impact the power of
monarchies?

Slide 87

Chapter 1, Section 1

Power Comes from the People

• By the beginning of the eighteenth century, scientific

discoveries and new thinking had led to an
intellectual movement based on reason and known
as the Enlightenment.

• Some of the most important ideas about modern

government, economics, and society were
developed at the time, as people began to discuss
the rights of individuals to control their own fates
and to have a meaningful say in their governance.

Slide 88

Chapter 1, Section 1

The Enlightenment

•

Key ideas about government arose during the
Enlightenment. – John Locke argued that all
human beings had natural rights and that
government gains its authority from the
people—the principle of popular sovereignty.

•

Adam Smith and David Ricardo argued for
economic policies that would enrich the people
as well as rulers.

•

Baron du Montesquieu argued for separation
of powers in government.

Slide 89

Chapter 1, Section 1

Power Comes from the People

John Locke believed 'the end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.”

Slide 90

Chapter 1, Section 1

Review

Identify the ancient foundations of the state in
Athens, in Rome, and in the feudal system.

Analyze the rise of sovereign states.

Explain how governments can achieve
legitimacy.

Understand why European nations turned to
colonialism.

Understand how Enlightenment ideas helped
influence the expansion of popular sovereignty.

Chapter 1: : The Basics of Democracy
Section 4

Slide 92

Chapter 1, Section 1

Objectives

1. Understand the

foundations of democracy.

2. Analyze the connections

between democracy and
the free enterprise system.

Slide 93

Chapter 1, Section 1

Key Terms

• majority rule: the principle that the will of the

majority controls the actions of government

• compromise: the process of blending and

adjusting competing views and interests

• citizen: one who holds certain rights and

responsibilities within a state

• free enterprise system: an economic system

characterized by the private ownership of capital
goods, private investment, and a competitive
marketplace that determines success or failure

Slide 94

Chapter 1, Section 1

Hook Video

–https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=TMZM9qg3
WYU

Slide 95

Chapter 1, Section 1

Chapter 1, Section 3

Introduction

The American concept of democracy rests on

these basic notions:

(1) A recognition of the fundamental worth and dignity of

every person;

(2) A respect for the equality of all persons;
(3) A faith in majority rule and an insistence upon minority

rights;

(4) An acceptance of the necessity of compromise; and
(5) An insistence upon the widest possible degree of

individual freedom.

Slide 96

Chapter 1, Section 1

Worth of the Individual

• Democracy is based on a belief in the dignity

and worth of every individual.

• Individuals can be forced to do things that serve

the good of the many, like paying taxes.

• Respect for individuals means that serving the

many should not be a case of simply benefiting
the majority over the minority, but of trying to
meet the needs of all individuals in society.

Slide 97

Chapter 1, Section 1

Equality of All Persons

• Checkpoint: To what are citizens entitled under the

democratic concept of equality?
– All citizens are

entitled to equality
of opportunity and
equality before the
law.

– This means that

no person should be
held back based on
gender, race, color,
or religion.

Slide 98

Chapter 1, Section 1

Equality of All Persons, cont.

• Every person must be

free to develop as fully
as they wish. Achieving
this goal of equality is
an ongoing process.

• For example, in Brown

v. Board of Education,
the Supreme Court
ruled that segregated
schools were unequal.

100

Slide 99

Chapter 1, Section 1

Majority Rules, Minority Rights

• Democracy holds that the majority will be right

more often than it is wrong and will be right more
often than any small group.

• The majority will not always make the best

decisions or even the right decisions, but in a
democracy their choices can be improved or
changed over time.

• The majority must respect the rights of minorities

and listen to their viewpoint.

101

Slide 100

Chapter 1, Section 1

Necessity of Compromise

• Compromise is a key part of the democratic

process.

– In a society made of many equal individuals with

different opinions and interests, public decisions
require compromises.

– Most public issues can be addressed in several ways.

– Determining which way best meets the needs of the

public also requires compromise.

102

Slide 101

Chapter 1, Section 1

Necessity of Compromise, cont.

• Compromise is a way

of reaching majority
agreement. Not all
compromises are
good or necessary.
– Who do the chefs

represent in this
cartoon?

103

Slide 102

Chapter 1, Section 1

Individual Freedom

• Democracy cannot allow complete individual

freedom, which would lead to anarchy and
lawlessness.

• Democracy does require that each individual

be as free as possible without interfering with
the freedom of others.

• Democratic government works constantly to

find the balance between individual freedom
and government authority.

104

Slide 103

Chapter 1, Section 1

Citizenship

• Every democratic

citizen has duties that
they must obey.

• Each citizen also has

responsibilities that
they should fulfill to
improve the quality of
their government and
community.

105

Slide 104

Chapter 1, Section 1

Citizenship Overview

Duties

Responsibilities

•

Serving on a jury

•

Serving as a witness

•

Attending school

•

Paying taxes

•

Obeying local, state,
and national laws

•

Draft registration

•

Respecting the rights
of others

•

Voting

•

Volunteering

•

Participating in civic
life

•

Understanding the
workings of our
government

106

Slide 105

Chapter 1, Section 1

How Free Enterprise Works

• Free enterprise, also called capitalism, is

an economic system based on private
ownership, individual initiative, profit, and
competition.

• Individuals, not the government, decide

what to make, how to make it, at what
price to sell it, and whether to buy it.
– Greater demand tends to increase prices,

while lower demand tends to decrease them.

107

Slide 106

Chapter 1, Section 1

Government and Free Enterprise

• Both democracy and free enterprise are based on the

idea of individual freedom.

• U.S. government involvement in the economy is aimed

at protecting both the public and private enterprise.

• The government regulates many economic activities to

encourage competition and protect public welfare.

• The government also offers many essential services,

such as public education and transportation.

108

Slide 107

Chapter 1, Section 1

Chapter 1, Section 3

Democracy and the Free Enterprise

System

• The free enterprise system is an economic system

characterized by private or corporate ownership of
capital goods; investments that are determined by
private decision rather than by state control; and
determined in a free market.

• Decisions in a free enterprise system are

determined by the law of supply and demand.

• An economy in which private enterprise exists in

combination with a considerable amount of
government regulation and promotion is called a
mixed economy.

109

Slide 108

Chapter 1, Section 1

Democracy and the

Internet

Chapter 1, Section 3

• Democracy demands that the people be

widely informed about their government.

• Theoretically, the Internet makes

knowledgeable participation in democratic
process easier than ever before.

• However, all data on the World Wide Web

is not necessarily true, and the long-term
effects of the Internet on democracy has
yet to be determined.

110

Slide 109

Chapter 1, Section 1

Review

1. Understand the

foundations of democracy.

2. Analyze the connections

between democracy and
the free enterprise system.

Show answer

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