review

Earth and Its Changing Features

Evidence from Rocks and Fossils

Multiple Choice

What can scientists learn from examining the rock layers?

• I think scientists examine rock layers to learn about organisms that lived in the past.

• I think scientists examine rock layers to learn about how the surface of the Earth changes over time.

• I don't think rock layers help scientists learn about organisms that lived in the past or how the surface of the Earth has changed. They examine rock layers to identify rocks and minerals.

• I think scientists examine rock layers to learn about organisms that lived in the past and how the surface of the Earth has changed.

Multiple Select

What can scientists learn from fossils?

• Fossils give scientists information about environments of the past.

• Scientists can also determine the relative age of fossils based on the layer of rock in which they are found.

• Some fossils also provide clues to a rock layer's relative age.

• How wind and water deposit most of the sediments.

Vocabulary

• fossil

• sediment

• sedimentary rock

Multiple Choice

fossil

• tiny bits of soil or rock

• sediments pressed together

• remains or imprints of living things from the past

Multiple Choice

sedimentary rock

• sediments pressed together in layers

• tiny bits of soil or rock that have been broken down and deposited

• remains or imprints of living things fromthe past

Multiple Choice

sediments

• remains or imprints of living things from the past

• ammonites

• tiny bits of soil or rock broken down and deposited

Multiple Select

earth forces

• volcano eruption

• car crash

• earthquakes

• flow of river

Multiple Choice

_____ form from sediments that are cemented or pressed together.

• Sediments

• Fossils

• Sands

• Sedimentary rocks

Multiple Choice

Which is most like a glacier changing Earth's surface?

• a bird drinking water from a puddle

• a boy raking leaves into a pile

• a speeding racecar

• a bulldozer pushing and piling anything in its path

Multiple Choice

Which evidence could indicate that a flood has happened in an area?

• A new mountain has formed.

• The sky is cloudy.

• A palm tree is charred black.

• Soil and rocks are on the road and sidewalks.

Multiple Choice

Fossils are usually created from the ____ of an organism.

• hair

• bones

• muscles

Multiple Choice

How will waves change the rocks shown in this picture?

• The waves will press small rocks together, and they will form larger rocks.

• The waves will pound, smooth, and break apart rocks.

• The waves will wet the rocks, but not change their shapes.

• The waves will change rocks into ocean water.

Multiple Choice

One way to prevent sand dunes from ____ is to build fences along the shore.

• eroding

• forming

Multiple Select

What can scientists learn from fossils? Select ALL that apply.

• the type of animals that lived long ago

• what the climate was like long ago

• the colors of animals that lived long ago

• what the environment was like long ago

Multiple Choice

Which cannot be used to understand Earth's features?

• Maps

• Patterns

• Moon phases 

• Observations

Open Ended

Based on the image, where would the oldest rock be found? Use at least 2 complete sentences to explain your reasoning.

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

Chemical weathering ____ the minerals in rocks.

• changes

• does not change

Multiple Choice

Which best explains how the canyon may have formed?

• A volcanic eruption formed the canyon. 

• The canyon was formed by animals and plants.

• Erosion from flowing water formed the canyon.

• Humans carved the canyon out of a mountain using small tools.

Multiple Choice

If a fern fossil is found in a rock layer lower than a fossil of a small fish, the fern is probably ____ . 

• older

• younger

Match

Match the following words to their definitions:

• Process that breaks down materials into smaller pieces.

• Movement of weathered material from one place to another.

• Process of eroded material being dropped off in another location.

• Tiny bits of soil or rock that have been broken down.

• Remains or imprints of living things from the past.

Weathering

Erosion

Deposition

Sediments

Fossils

• Weathering

• Erosion

• Deposition

• Sediments

• Fossils

Weathering and Erosion

Under the plants and water on Earth, there are rocks. Rocks are made of minerals. There are thousands of minerals on Earth. Only a few minerals make up most rocks, however. Different minerals give rocks different colors, shapes, sizes, and textures. Texture is how something looks and feels. Name all the colors you see on this rock wall. Which parts might feel smooth, sharp, or rough?

​

A world of rocks

Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

​

How do living things change their environment?

Labelling

How do living things change their environment?

Drag and drop to correctly match the causes of change to the effects.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

the work of beavers

the remains of coral animals

the work of termites

human activities

transpiration by plants

What are Weathering and Erosion?

New land is created, but land is also worn down and carried away. The wearing and moving of land is called erosion. Erosion changes the landscapes on Earth. Landscapes are all the parts of the Earth you can see, such as mountains. Wind, rain, rivers, ocean waves, and ice all erode, or wear away, the land on mountains, coasts, deserts, and other landscapes.

What is erosion?

​Rocks are made weak by weather. Wind, rain, snow, ice, heat, cold, and frost can all weaken rocks. This weakening is called weathering. One way that weather weakens and breaks up rocks is by heating and cooling them. In some places the weather is hot during the day and cool at night. During the day, heat makes the rocks expand, or become larger. At night, the cool air makes rocks contract, or become smaller. Growing and shrinking makes the cracks in rocks wider. Eventually, the rocks break into pieces.

What is weathering?

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Labelling

Drag and drop the descriptions of weathering and erosion to correctly match the examples.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Ice erosion

Mechanical Erosion

Wind erosion

Water erosion

Chemical erosion

Drag and Drop

How does deforestation affect soil erosion?



Deforestation ​​

Placeholder

soil erosion. Tree roots act to ​

Placeholder

soil. With the trees removed wind and rain dislodge soil ​

Placeholder

easily.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

increases

hold

more

Multiple Choice

Does acid rain weather rocks at a slower rate or faster rate than ordinary rain? Why?

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of chemical weathering

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of mechanical weathering

• a slower rate, because acids react poorly with rocks and minerals

• a slower rate, because acids usually flow quickly over rocks without changing them

In some places the ground is too steep or too rocky to soak up any water. In other places, the ground may be able to soak up some of the water from a rainfall, but not all. Rainwater that the ground cannot soak up is called runoff. Runoff trickles or flows downhill into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Runoff saturates, or fills the land with water. It removes the thin top layer of soil and carries it away.

​

Running off with the soil

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Multiple Choice

What determines the amount of runoff that flows across the land during a rainstorm?

• the ability of the ground to soak up water

• the depth and width of a river channel

• the size of a lake

• the distance of the land to the ocean

Weathering and Erosion

Under the plants and water on Earth, there are rocks. Rocks are made of minerals. There are thousands of minerals on Earth. Only a few minerals make up most rocks, however. Different minerals give rocks different colors, shapes, sizes, and textures. Texture is how something looks and feels. Name all the colors you see on this rock wall. Which parts might feel smooth, sharp, or rough?

​

A world of rocks

Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

​

How do living things change their environment?

Labelling

How do living things change their environment?

Drag and drop to correctly match the causes of change to the effects.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

transpiration by plants

the work of termites

the work of beavers

human activities

the remains of coral animals

What are Weathering and Erosion?

New land is created, but land is also worn down and carried away. The wearing and moving of land is called erosion. Erosion changes the landscapes on Earth. Landscapes are all the parts of the Earth you can see, such as mountains. Wind, rain, rivers, ocean waves, and ice all erode, or wear away, the land on mountains, coasts, deserts, and other landscapes.

What is erosion?

​Rocks are made weak by weather. Wind, rain, snow, ice, heat, cold, and frost can all weaken rocks. This weakening is called weathering. One way that weather weakens and breaks up rocks is by heating and cooling them. In some places the weather is hot during the day and cool at night. During the day, heat makes the rocks expand, or become larger. At night, the cool air makes rocks contract, or become smaller. Growing and shrinking makes the cracks in rocks wider. Eventually, the rocks break into pieces.

What is weathering?

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Labelling

Drag and drop the descriptions of weathering and erosion to correctly match the examples.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Wind erosion

Chemical erosion

Ice erosion

Mechanical Erosion

Water erosion

Drag and Drop

How does deforestation affect soil erosion?



Deforestation ​​

Placeholder

soil erosion. Tree roots act to ​

Placeholder

soil. With the trees removed wind and rain dislodge soil ​

Placeholder

easily.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

increases

hold

more

Multiple Choice

Does acid rain weather rocks at a slower rate or faster rate than ordinary rain? Why?

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of chemical weathering

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of mechanical weathering

• a slower rate, because acids react poorly with rocks and minerals

• a slower rate, because acids usually flow quickly over rocks without changing them

In some places the ground is too steep or too rocky to soak up any water. In other places, the ground may be able to soak up some of the water from a rainfall, but not all. Rainwater that the ground cannot soak up is called runoff. Runoff trickles or flows downhill into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Runoff saturates, or fills the land with water. It removes the thin top layer of soil and carries it away.

​

Running off with the soil

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Multiple Choice

What determines the amount of runoff that flows across the land during a rainstorm?

• the ability of the ground to soak up water

• the depth and width of a river channel

• the size of a lake

• the distance of the land to the ocean

Weathering and Erosion

Under the plants and water on Earth, there are rocks. Rocks are made of minerals. There are thousands of minerals on Earth. Only a few minerals make up most rocks, however. Different minerals give rocks different colors, shapes, sizes, and textures. Texture is how something looks and feels. Name all the colors you see on this rock wall. Which parts might feel smooth, sharp, or rough?

​

A world of rocks

Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

​

How do living things change their environment?

Labelling

How do living things change their environment?

Drag and drop to correctly match the causes of change to the effects.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

transpiration by plants

the work of termites

the remains of coral animals

human activities

the work of beavers

What are Weathering and Erosion?

New land is created, but land is also worn down and carried away. The wearing and moving of land is called erosion. Erosion changes the landscapes on Earth. Landscapes are all the parts of the Earth you can see, such as mountains. Wind, rain, rivers, ocean waves, and ice all erode, or wear away, the land on mountains, coasts, deserts, and other landscapes.

What is erosion?

​Rocks are made weak by weather. Wind, rain, snow, ice, heat, cold, and frost can all weaken rocks. This weakening is called weathering. One way that weather weakens and breaks up rocks is by heating and cooling them. In some places the weather is hot during the day and cool at night. During the day, heat makes the rocks expand, or become larger. At night, the cool air makes rocks contract, or become smaller. Growing and shrinking makes the cracks in rocks wider. Eventually, the rocks break into pieces.

What is weathering?

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Labelling

Drag and drop the descriptions of weathering and erosion to correctly match the examples.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Chemical erosion

Water erosion

Wind erosion

Ice erosion

Mechanical Erosion

Drag and Drop

How does deforestation affect soil erosion?



Deforestation ​​

Placeholder

soil erosion. Tree roots act to ​

Placeholder

soil. With the trees removed wind and rain dislodge soil ​

Placeholder

easily.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

increases

hold

more

Multiple Choice

Does acid rain weather rocks at a slower rate or faster rate than ordinary rain? Why?

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of chemical weathering

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of mechanical weathering

• a slower rate, because acids react poorly with rocks and minerals

• a slower rate, because acids usually flow quickly over rocks without changing them

In some places the ground is too steep or too rocky to soak up any water. In other places, the ground may be able to soak up some of the water from a rainfall, but not all. Rainwater that the ground cannot soak up is called runoff. Runoff trickles or flows downhill into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Runoff saturates, or fills the land with water. It removes the thin top layer of soil and carries it away.

​

Running off with the soil

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Multiple Choice

What determines the amount of runoff that flows across the land during a rainstorm?

• the ability of the ground to soak up water

• the depth and width of a river channel

• the size of a lake

• the distance of the land to the ocean

Weathering and Erosion

Under the plants and water on Earth, there are rocks. Rocks are made of minerals. There are thousands of minerals on Earth. Only a few minerals make up most rocks, however. Different minerals give rocks different colors, shapes, sizes, and textures. Texture is how something looks and feels. Name all the colors you see on this rock wall. Which parts might feel smooth, sharp, or rough?

​

A world of rocks

Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

​

How do living things change their environment?

Labelling

How do living things change their environment?

Drag and drop to correctly match the causes of change to the effects.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

transpiration by plants

the work of beavers

the remains of coral animals

the work of termites

human activities

What are Weathering and Erosion?

New land is created, but land is also worn down and carried away. The wearing and moving of land is called erosion. Erosion changes the landscapes on Earth. Landscapes are all the parts of the Earth you can see, such as mountains. Wind, rain, rivers, ocean waves, and ice all erode, or wear away, the land on mountains, coasts, deserts, and other landscapes.

What is erosion?

​Rocks are made weak by weather. Wind, rain, snow, ice, heat, cold, and frost can all weaken rocks. This weakening is called weathering. One way that weather weakens and breaks up rocks is by heating and cooling them. In some places the weather is hot during the day and cool at night. During the day, heat makes the rocks expand, or become larger. At night, the cool air makes rocks contract, or become smaller. Growing and shrinking makes the cracks in rocks wider. Eventually, the rocks break into pieces.

What is weathering?

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Labelling

Drag and drop the descriptions of weathering and erosion to correctly match the examples.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Chemical erosion

Mechanical Erosion

Water erosion

Wind erosion

Ice erosion

Drag and Drop

How does deforestation affect soil erosion?



Deforestation ​​

Placeholder

soil erosion. Tree roots act to ​

Placeholder

soil. With the trees removed wind and rain dislodge soil ​

Placeholder

easily.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

increases

hold

more

Multiple Choice

Does acid rain weather rocks at a slower rate or faster rate than ordinary rain? Why?

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of chemical weathering

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of mechanical weathering

• a slower rate, because acids react poorly with rocks and minerals

• a slower rate, because acids usually flow quickly over rocks without changing them

In some places the ground is too steep or too rocky to soak up any water. In other places, the ground may be able to soak up some of the water from a rainfall, but not all. Rainwater that the ground cannot soak up is called runoff. Runoff trickles or flows downhill into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Runoff saturates, or fills the land with water. It removes the thin top layer of soil and carries it away.

​

Running off with the soil

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Multiple Choice

What determines the amount of runoff that flows across the land during a rainstorm?

• the ability of the ground to soak up water

• the depth and width of a river channel

• the size of a lake

• the distance of the land to the ocean

Weathering and Erosion

Under the plants and water on Earth, there are rocks. Rocks are made of minerals. There are thousands of minerals on Earth. Only a few minerals make up most rocks, however. Different minerals give rocks different colors, shapes, sizes, and textures. Texture is how something looks and feels. Name all the colors you see on this rock wall. Which parts might feel smooth, sharp, or rough?

​

A world of rocks

Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

​

How do living things change their environment?

Labelling

How do living things change their environment?

Drag and drop to correctly match the causes of change to the effects.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

transpiration by plants

the remains of coral animals

human activities

the work of termites

the work of beavers

What are Weathering and Erosion?

New land is created, but land is also worn down and carried away. The wearing and moving of land is called erosion. Erosion changes the landscapes on Earth. Landscapes are all the parts of the Earth you can see, such as mountains. Wind, rain, rivers, ocean waves, and ice all erode, or wear away, the land on mountains, coasts, deserts, and other landscapes.

What is erosion?

​Rocks are made weak by weather. Wind, rain, snow, ice, heat, cold, and frost can all weaken rocks. This weakening is called weathering. One way that weather weakens and breaks up rocks is by heating and cooling them. In some places the weather is hot during the day and cool at night. During the day, heat makes the rocks expand, or become larger. At night, the cool air makes rocks contract, or become smaller. Growing and shrinking makes the cracks in rocks wider. Eventually, the rocks break into pieces.

What is weathering?

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Labelling

Drag and drop the descriptions of weathering and erosion to correctly match the examples.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Wind erosion

Water erosion

Ice erosion

Chemical erosion

Mechanical Erosion

Drag and Drop

How does deforestation affect soil erosion?



Deforestation ​​

Placeholder

soil erosion. Tree roots act to ​

Placeholder

soil. With the trees removed wind and rain dislodge soil ​

Placeholder

easily.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

increases

hold

more

Multiple Choice

Does acid rain weather rocks at a slower rate or faster rate than ordinary rain? Why?

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of chemical weathering

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of mechanical weathering

• a slower rate, because acids react poorly with rocks and minerals

• a slower rate, because acids usually flow quickly over rocks without changing them

In some places the ground is too steep or too rocky to soak up any water. In other places, the ground may be able to soak up some of the water from a rainfall, but not all. Rainwater that the ground cannot soak up is called runoff. Runoff trickles or flows downhill into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Runoff saturates, or fills the land with water. It removes the thin top layer of soil and carries it away.

​

Running off with the soil

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Multiple Choice

What determines the amount of runoff that flows across the land during a rainstorm?

• the ability of the ground to soak up water

• the depth and width of a river channel

• the size of a lake

• the distance of the land to the ocean

Weathering and Erosion

Under the plants and water on Earth, there are rocks. Rocks are made of minerals. There are thousands of minerals on Earth. Only a few minerals make up most rocks, however. Different minerals give rocks different colors, shapes, sizes, and textures. Texture is how something looks and feels. Name all the colors you see on this rock wall. Which parts might feel smooth, sharp, or rough?

​

A world of rocks

Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

​

How do living things change their environment?

Labelling

How do living things change their environment?

Drag and drop to correctly match the causes of change to the effects.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

the work of beavers

the remains of coral animals

transpiration by plants

the work of termites

human activities

What are Weathering and Erosion?

New land is created, but land is also worn down and carried away. The wearing and moving of land is called erosion. Erosion changes the landscapes on Earth. Landscapes are all the parts of the Earth you can see, such as mountains. Wind, rain, rivers, ocean waves, and ice all erode, or wear away, the land on mountains, coasts, deserts, and other landscapes.

What is erosion?

​Rocks are made weak by weather. Wind, rain, snow, ice, heat, cold, and frost can all weaken rocks. This weakening is called weathering. One way that weather weakens and breaks up rocks is by heating and cooling them. In some places the weather is hot during the day and cool at night. During the day, heat makes the rocks expand, or become larger. At night, the cool air makes rocks contract, or become smaller. Growing and shrinking makes the cracks in rocks wider. Eventually, the rocks break into pieces.

What is weathering?

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Labelling

Drag and drop the descriptions of weathering and erosion to correctly match the examples.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Mechanical Erosion

Chemical erosion

Ice erosion

Water erosion

Wind erosion

Drag and Drop

How does deforestation affect soil erosion?



Deforestation ​​

Placeholder

soil erosion. Tree roots act to ​

Placeholder

soil. With the trees removed wind and rain dislodge soil ​

Placeholder

easily.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

increases

hold

more

Multiple Choice

Does acid rain weather rocks at a slower rate or faster rate than ordinary rain? Why?

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of chemical weathering

• a faster rate, because acids are powerful agents of mechanical weathering

• a slower rate, because acids react poorly with rocks and minerals

• a slower rate, because acids usually flow quickly over rocks without changing them

In some places the ground is too steep or too rocky to soak up any water. In other places, the ground may be able to soak up some of the water from a rainfall, but not all. Rainwater that the ground cannot soak up is called runoff. Runoff trickles or flows downhill into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Runoff saturates, or fills the land with water. It removes the thin top layer of soil and carries it away.

​

Running off with the soil

​Kalman, B. (2009) What shapes the land? St. Catharines, Ont.: Crabtree Pub.

Multiple Choice

What determines the amount of runoff that flows across the land during a rainstorm?

• the ability of the ground to soak up water

• the depth and width of a river channel

• the size of a lake

• the distance of the land to the ocean

Multiple Choice

The process in which sediment settles out (drops to the bottom) of the water or wind that is carrying it

• Weathering

• Erosion

• Sedimentation

• Deposition

Multiple Choice

The process in which wind, water, ice or gravity transport rock fragments from one location to another

• Weathering

• Sedimentation

• Erosion

• Deposition

Multiple Choice

The process by which rocks are broken down

• Weathering

• Deposition

• Erosion

• Sedimentation

Multiple Choice

Fragments of weathered rocks are known as ____.

• sediments

• deposits

• limestones

• sandstones

Multiple Choice

What caused this rock to break apart?

• ice
• plant
• wind
• rain

Multiple Choice

Wind blowing sand from one location to another

• Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition

Multiple Choice

Wind blasting sand at rock and carving out caves

• Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition

Multiple Choice

How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks?  The freezing water—

• keeps the rocks in place
• makes the rocks last longer
• expands cracks and breaks rocks
• causes rocks to fall in landslides

Multiple Choice

What was sand before it was broken down?

• soil
• rock
• water
• cement

Multiple Choice

Water getting into cracks, freezing, and breaking the rocks or pavement apart

• Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition

Multiple Choice

What caused this canyon to form over many years?

• Water
• Deposition
• valley
• Plants

Multiple Choice

Small pieces of sand are carried by the wind.

• Weathering
• Erosion

Multiple Choice

Water washes rocks and soils down slopes, causing a mudslide.

• Weathering
• Erosion

Multiple Choice

Rocks and pebbles in a river become smooth as they smash into other rocks.

• Weathering
• Erosion

Multiple Choice

The roots of a tree break apart rocks beneath the soil.

• Weathering
• Erosion

Multiple Choice

Which number represents the abyssal plain?

• 3

• 5

• 7

• 9

Multiple Choice

Which number represents an island?

• 6

• 8

• 10

• 3

Multiple Choice

Which number represents a mid-ocean ridge?

• 6

• 8

• 10

• 3

Multiple Choice

Which number represents a mid-ocean ridge?

• 6

• 8

• 10

• 3

Multiple Choice

Which number represents a seamount?

• 6

• 8

• 10

• 3

Multiple Choice

Which letter on the diagram represents the Continental Slope?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the best order from beach to middle of the ocean?

• continental shelf, continental slope, abyssal plane

• continental slope, continental shelf, abyssal plane

• continental shelf, abyssal plane, continental slope

• continental slope, abyssal plane, continental shelf