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Plant Cell Types

Plant Cell Types

Assessment

Presentation

Biology

11th Grade

Practice Problem

Medium

Created by

Ailyn Anglo

Used 131+ times

FREE Resource

44 Slides • 13 Questions

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MULTICELLULAR
PLANT BODY

Plant Cell Types
Plant Tissues: Ground, Dermal, Vascular
Meristems

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LEARNING
TARGETS

At the end of this lesson, I can:

Identify the different Plant Cell Types.

Describe the different Plant Tissues.

Differentiate Meristematic and Non-meristematic Tissues

Explain how different plant tissues aid in growth and development of

the plant.

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PLANT CELL TYPES

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GROUND TISSUE CELLS

Ground tissue

Makes up the majority of an herbaceous plant
Consists of:

Parenchyma

Collenchyma

Sclerenchyma

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PARENCHYMA

Most abundant

Alive at maturity

Thin primary cell walls

Has the ability to divide

Response to injury or changing environment

Functions: photosynthesis, respiration, gas exchange,

storage of starch and other materials

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COLLENCHYMA

Elongated living cells

Unevenly thickened primary cell walls

Function: elastic support

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SCLERENCHYMA

Inelastic support to non-growing plant parts

Dead at maturity

Thick, rigid secondary cell walls

Lignin – tough, complex molecule that adds
strength to cell walls

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a ground tissue?

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Parenchyma

2

Collenchyma

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Sclerenchyma

4

Xylem and Phloem

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Multiple Choice

What ground tissue is the most abundant?

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Parenchyma

2

Collenchyma

3

Sclerenchyma

4

Xylem and Phloem

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Multiple Choice

What complex molecule adds
strength to cell walls?

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Cuticle

2

Lignin

3

Starch

4

Cellulose

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Conducting Cells in
Xylem and Phloem

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Vascular Tissue Cells

Vascular tissues

Transport water,
minerals, carbohydrates,
and other dissolved
compounds throughout
the plant

Xylem

Tracheids

Vessel elements

Phloem

Sieve tube elements

Companion cells

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Tracheids

Long, narrow cells that overlap at their
tapered ends
Water moves from tracheid to tracheid
through pits
Pits – thin areas of the cell wall

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Vessel Elements

Short, wide, barrel-shaped
Stack end-to-end, forming long, continuous tubes
Side walls – have pits
End walls- perforated or absent
Water movement is faster than tracheids

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Tracheid

vs

Vessel Element

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Sieve Tube Elements

Main conducting cells of phloem

Align end-to-end to form sieve tube

Alive but no nucleus and little
cytoplasm

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Companion Cell

Adjacent to sieve tube element

Specialized parenchyma cell

Transfer carbohydrates into and out of the sieve tube

elements

Provide energy and proteins to the conducting cells

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Multiple Choice

What is the main conducting cells of phloem?

1

companion cells

2

sieve tube elements

3

tracheid

4

vessel element

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MULTICELLULAR
PLANT BODY

Plant Cell Types
Plant Tissues: Ground, Dermal, Vascular
Meristems

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LEARNING
TARGETS

At the end of this lesson, I can:

Identify the different Plant Cell Types.

Describe the different Plant Tissues.

Differentiate Meristematic and Non-meristematic Tissues

Explain how different plant tissues aid in growth and development of

the plant.

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Determinate vs
Indeterminate Growth

Determinate growth

Plants that stop growing after they reach their mature size
Ex: bush types

Indeterminate growth

Plants that continue to grow as long as environmental conditions allow it

Ex: majority of tomato varieties

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Meristems

Regions that undergo active mitotic cell division

Patches of “immortality” that allow a plant to grow, replace damaged parts, and respond to environmental change

Types:

Apical – small patches of actively dividing cells near the tip of roots and shoots

Lateral – produce cells that thicken a stem or root

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Shoot Apical
Meristem

Primary growth

Lengthens the shoot or root tip by adding cells
New cells originate at the apical meristems

Daughter cells give rise to ground tissue, epidermis, and vascular tissue

Stem elongates as the vacuoles of the new cells absorb water, pushing the
apical meristem upward

New leaves originate on the flanks of the meristem

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Shoot Apical
Meristem

Remnants remain in the axillary buds that form at stem

nodes

Buds may either remain dormant or “awaken” to form wider branches

When a shoot loses its terminal bud, cells in one or more dormant axillary buds begin to divide

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Root Apical
Meristem

Some of the cells produced at this meristem differentiate

into the root cap

Other cells elongate by absorbing water

Cells enlargement root grows farther in the soil

Zone of maturation – cells complete their differentiation and mature into the functional ground, dermal and
vascular tissues

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Multiple Choice

Plants that stop growing after they reach their mature is known to have determinate growth. True or False?

1

True

2

False

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Multiple Choice

Which type of growth lengthens the shoot or root tip by adding cells?

1

Determinate

2

Indeterminate

3

Primary

4

Secondary

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Multiple Choice

Which among the following shows a shoot apical meristem?

1
2
3

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Lateral
Meristems

Secondary growth

Increases the girth of
stems and roots in
woody plants

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Lateral
Meristems

Vascular cambium

Internal cylinder of meristem tissue

Produces thin layer between primary xylem
and phloem

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Vascular Cambium

Vascular cambium

cell

Daughter cell

Remains a
meristem cell

Daughter cell

Matures inside –
secondary xylem

Matures outside –
secondary phloem

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Cork Cambium

Gives rise to parenchyma to the inside
and cork to the outside

Cork – densely packed, waxy cells on
the surfaces of mature stems and roots
- dead at maturity and form waterproof, insulating layers

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Heartwood – innermost wood,

darker

Gradually becomes unable to

conduct water through time

Dark-colored chemicals

accumulate

Sapwood – outer portion, lighter

Transports water and dissolved

minerals

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Multiple Choice

What type of growth increases the girth of
stems and roots in
woody plants?

1

Primary

2

Secondary

3

Determinate

4

Indeterminate

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Multiple Choice

The sapwood is darker than the heartwood. True or False?

1

true

2

false

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Multiple Choice

The vascular cambium gives rise to what tissue(s)?

1

Xylem and Phloem

2

Phloem only

3

Xylem only

4

None of the above

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LEARNING
TARGETS

At the end of this lesson, I can:

Identify the different Plant Cell Types.

Describe the different Plant Tissues.

Differentiate Meristematic and Non-meristematic Tissues

Explain how different plant tissues aid in growth and development of

the plant.

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Ground Tissue

Fills the spaces between more specialized cell types inside roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and
seeds

Cells that compose ground tissue are important sites of photosynthesis, respiration, and storage

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PLANT TISSUES

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Ground Tissue

Dermal Tissue

Vascular Tissue

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Dermal Tissue

Covers the plant

Herbaceous plant

Epidermis – single layer of packed, flat, transparent, parenchyma cells

Woody plant

Tough bark

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Dermal Tissue

Cuticle

waxy layer that coats the epidermis of the leaves and

stem

conserves water and protects the plant from predators and fungi

Impermeable not only to water but also to CO2 and O2

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Vascular Tissue

Xylem

Transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to all parts of the plant

Water conducting cells are elongated and have thick, lignin-rich secondary cell walls

Phloem

Transports dissolved organic compounds, primarily sugars

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Dermal
Tissue

Stomata

Pores through which leaves and stems exchange gases with the
atmosphere

Guard cells – surrounds stomata and controls its opening and
closing

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Vascular
Tissue

Vascular bundle

Strand of tissue containing xylem and phloem, often
with collenchyma tissue
or sclerenchyma fibers

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Vascular Tissue

Xylem and phloem shuttle minerals and food throughout the plant’s body

Other function:

Support –lignin strengthens walls of xylem cells and sclerenchyma fibers

Enables vascular plants to tower over their nonvascular counterparts – important for
competition

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Multiple Choice

What type of tissue fills the spaces between more specialized cell types inside roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds?

1

ground

2

vascula

3

dermal

4

all of the above

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Multiple Choice

This is a waxy layer that coats the epidermis of the leaves and stem.

1

leaves

2

cuticle

3

roots

4

xylem

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Multiple Choice

Xylem transports dissolved organic compounds while phloem transports water. True or False.

1

True

2

False

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MULTICELLULAR
PLANT BODY

Plant Cell Types
Plant Tissues: Ground, Dermal, Vascular
Meristems

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