Unit 1- What is History?

Unit 1- What Is History?

and why do we study it?

So… What is history?

​VS

​

Bias in a source refers to a tendency for the source to present information or opinions in a way that is unfair, unbalanced, or slanted in a particular direction. Here's an example of bias in a news article:

Headline: "City Council Rejects Affordable Housing Proposal, Caving to Pressure from Wealthy Developers"

In this example, the bias is evident in both the headline and the tone of the article. The use of the word "caving" suggests that the City Council's decision was weak or influenced by external forces, implying that they made the wrong choice. The phrase "pressure from wealthy developers" frames the developers as the villains who are negatively influencing the decision-making process. This framing may not accurately represent the complexities of the situation.

A more balanced headline and article might read:

Headline: "City Council Rejects Affordable Housing Proposal Amidst Debates on Urban Development"

In this revised version, the bias is reduced by presenting the decision as part of a larger debate on urban development, without assigning blame or making assumptions about the motivations of the City Council or developers.

Bias can take many forms, including political bias, economic bias, cultural bias, and more. It's important to critically evaluate sources for bias and seek out multiple perspectives to get a more well-rounded understanding of any given topic.

​Is time real? Lets Discuss.

What is Time?

1.the indefinite continued progress of existence and events in the past, present, and future
regarded as a whole.-How old is the universe?

2.a point of time as measured in hours and minutes past midnight or noon.- Is it 3:05 yet?

3.plan, schedule, or arrange when (something) should happen or be done.-What time do you
want to meet tomorrow?

4.measure the time taken by (a process or activity, or a person doing it).- Wow! He ran that in
4.6 seconds.

Time is one of those slippery subjects. It is at the same time a
constant, a construct, and a human creation.

Constant-there has always been time, it is always passing regardless
of us.

Construct-it is a mental thing. When you have something that you
know but can’t really explain- that is a mental construct (psychology
term)

Creation-our 24hrs are dictated by the Earth spinning but we came
up with the passing of the hours, etc.

​How many time zones are there in the world and why?

​Do we need calendars? Why or why not?

Calendars

As we became more sophisticated, we began to track our planet moving around the Sun,
tied this to the seasons and developed a way to keep track of things.

Each society has different calendars. The oldest are the ones you would expect. India,
China, and Egypt. You probably have heard of the Mayan calendar, you know the whole
world was going to end a few years ago thing.

Each of them base their calendars on something different that mattered to them. India
tied it to their religion, China to their first literate culture, Egypt to what year they were
in of their current leader, and Mayans to the movements of the heavenly bodies.

Also, there was no
year ZERO
You go from 1 bc to AD 1

This adds confusion because we like to lump
years into groups that end with zeros- 10’s
(decades), 100’s (centuries), 1000’s
(Milleniums). But with no year ZERO, that
means that the first decade was over in year
11. Don’t worry though, we’re not going to
be that nit-picky.

​Practical Applications of Roman Numerals

* Clocks and Watches

Roman numerals are commonly used on analog clocks and watches to represent the hours.

* Chapters and Sections

Roman numerals are often used to number chapters, sections, and other organizational elements in books and documents.

* Awards and Titles

Roman numerals are used to denote the edition or version of awards, titles, and other honorifics.

* Dates and Years

Roman numerals can be used to represent years, particularly in the context of historical events and timelines.

Humans sure do like to sing about it

(for a more surreal experience, try playing all these at once)

Time by Pink Floyd, Time after Time by Cyndi Lauper, Too Much Time on My Hands by Styx, One More
Time by Daft Punk, Time of My Life (I’ve Had the) by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes, Take Your Time
(do it right) by the SOS Band, Time is on My Side by the Rolling Stones, Time of the Season by the
Zombies, Time in a Bottle by Jim Croce, Good Riddance (Time of Your Life) by Green Day, No Time for
You by The Guess Who, Sign o the Times by Prince, Your Time is Gonna Come by Led Zeppelin, Back in
Time by Huey Lewis and the News, 25 or 6 to 4 by Chicago (reference to 25 or 6 minutes until four in
the morning (3:34/5 am) which of course would be a time)

​Day 2

Time is also relative
Let’s use seconds- 1000 seconds ago was about 17 minutes ago, a million seconds
ago was about 12 days ago, a billion seconds ago was about 32 years ago (President
Reagan was in office) and a trillion seconds ago was about 32,000 years ago (bc
29,080- about the time of those cave paintings we looked at earlier).
You want to try minutes?-1000 minutes ago (well a day has 1440 minutes so
depending on what time it is, you could be in the same day), a million minutes ago
(was almost a year ago roughly 329 days ago), a billion minutes ago (1,913 years ago,
so around the year AD 100), and a trillion minutes ago (bc 1,900,000 give or take).

Will you live a million hours? Possible, not probable, you would be 114 or so.

If Earth's history were condensed
into 24 hours, life would have
appeared at 4 am, land plants at
9:52 pm, dinosaur extinction at
11:41 pm, and human history
would have begun at 11:58:43
pm.

Using the Big Bang Theory (there are multiple theories
about the origin of the universe, this is simply for a time
illustration not a philosophical debate), it puts the time of
Earth’ existence into a calendar year.

Culture and Civilization

What is culture?

Culture is an umbrella term
which encompasses the social
behavior and norms found in
human societies, as well as the
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws,
customs, capabilities, and habits
of the individuals in these
groups.

What is Civilization?

A civilization is a complex
human society, usually made
up of different cities, with
certain characteristics of
cultural and technological
development. In many parts
of the world, early
civilizations formed when
people began coming
together in urban settlements

From here to
there

Where did the first
civilizations
development

For a long time historians counted only four basic civilizations but now there are five.

1. Egypt

2.India

3.Mesopotamia

4.China

5.Mesoamerica

Government

Anarchism refers to the absence of

government, a condition in which a

nation or state operates without a central

governing body. This denotes an

absence of public utilities or services, a

lack of regulatory control, limited

diplomatic relations with other

nation-states, and in most instances, a

society divided into different,

locally-ruled settlements.

Democracy refers to a form of

government in which the people are given

a direct role in choosing their leadership.

Its primary goal is governance through fair

representation, a system in which no

single force or entity can exercise

unchecked control or authority.

Democracy is typified by fair and free

elections, civic participation, protection of

human rights, and the rule of law.

Fascism is a form of
far-right, authoritarian
ultra-nationalism characterized
by dictatorial power, forcible
suppression of opposition, as
well as strong regimentation of
society and of the economy
which came to prominence in
early 20th-century Europe.

Federalism is a form of government that

both combines and divides powers between a

centralized federal authority and an array of

regional and local authorities. This is typically

a system in which a set of states, territories,

or provinces are both self-governing and

beholden to the authority of a broad, unifying

government structure. This is considered a

balance in approach that provides roughly

equal status of authority to two distinct levels

of government.

​Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power is held by the ruler, known as an autocrat. There are two types of autocracies:
monarchy and dictatorship.

Dictatorshipis a nation ruled with

absolute power, in the absence of a

democratic process, and typically under the

thumb of a single authority figure. In a

military dictatorship, this authority usually

heads the nation’s armed forces. Military

dictatorships will frequently prioritize law and

order over due process, civil liberties, or

political freedoms. Dissent or political

opposition can be dangerous or even deadly

for those living under a military dictatorship.

Monarchy refers to a form of rule in which

absolute power and authority are held by a single

member of a royal bloodline. In a monarchy, the

individual in the seat of power is often believed to

have been placed there by “divine right,” or the

will of God. Power is inherited within a line of

succession that relates to one’s bloodline and

birth-order within the ruling royal family. Though

the monarchy has historically indicated absolute

power, today, some monarchies exist but are

merely symbolic.

Oligarchy refers to a form of

government in which a few individuals

rule over a nation. In many ways,

oligarchy is a catch-all for any number

of other forms of governance in which a

specific set of qualities — wealth,

heredity, race — are used to vest power

in a small group of individuals

Theocracy refers to a form of

government in which a specific

religious ideology informs the

leadership, laws, and customs of a

nation. In many instances, there will

be little to no distinction between

scriptural laws and legal codes.

Likewise, religious clergy will typically

occupy roles of leadership, and in

some instances, the highest office in

the nation.

​Day 3

Economics

For the Love of Money - O’Jays

Throughout
man’s history, he
has used 4
methods of
economics
And we could be on the verge of a
fifth

1. Hunting/Gathering

2.Agricultural

3.Pastoral

4.Industrial

5. Technological