NCM 100!!!! :DD

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envisioned nurses as a body of educated women

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a method of together facts ang giving them coherence and integrity

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SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY

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emergence of nursing education into colleges

and universities

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course selection and content for nursing

programs

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course higher education

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Master's degree in nursing emerged to meet

the need for nurses for specialized clinical

practice

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worked to develop and clarify a specialized

body of nursing knowledge with the goal of:

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"Theory is not a luxury in the discipline of

nursing but an integral part of the nursing

lexicon in education, administration and

practice".

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Is a systematic explanation of an event in which

concepts are identified and relationship are

proposed

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natural outgrowth of the research and graduate

education era, research and theory were required to produce

nursing science

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System of relationship of human response in

health and illness addressing biologic,

behavioral, social and cultural domain.

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CLASSIFICATION OF THE NURSING MODELS AS

PARADIGMS WITHIN A METAPARADIGM OF THE

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A model that explains the linkages of science,

philosophy, and theory accepted and applied

by the discipline (Alligood and Marriner –

Tomey, 2002)

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growth of theoretical works has proliferated in

podium presentations, newsletter, journals and

books written by nurse scientist

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theory application in nursing practice,

education and administration and research

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is specific to academia and

refers to a branch of education, a department

of learning or a domain of knowledge

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refers to a specialized field of

practice, founded upon the theoretical

structure of the science or knowledge of that

discipline and accompanying practice abilities

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used to organize curricula in nursing programs

and were recognized as models to address the

values and concepts of nursing.

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provides

nurses with a perspective of the patient for

professional practice.

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is dependent upon theory for it’s

continued existence, that is we can be a

vocation, or we can be a discipline with a

professional style of theory-based practice.

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is what mainly

prepares the student for membership in a

particular scientific community with which he

will later practice

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apply and test

theoretical knowledge in their nursing practice.

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should be based on

truth and we need the ability to interpret the

result of science.

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reasoning as the appropriate method for

advancing knowledge

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study to become

nurse scientist, develop theory, test theory and

contribute nursing science in theory based

research studies.

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is vital for the practice of professional

nursing

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believed that scientific truth was

discovered through generalizing observed

facts in the natural world.

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are complex

and the amount of data confronting nurses is

virtually endless

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is concerned with the theory

of knowledge in philosophical inquiry. This will influence how scientist perform

scientific activities, how they interpret

outcomes

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based on the central idea that scientific

knowledge can be derived only from sensory

experiences

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affirms or denies something

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based on the idea that

the collection of facts precedes attempt to

formulate generalizations.

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dominant view of modern science

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believed that empirical research and logical

analysis were 2 approaches that would

produce scientific knowledge

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theoretical propositions must be tested

through observation and experimentation.

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“Theory determines what observations are

worth making and how they are understood,

and observation provides challenges to

accepted theoretical structures. The

continuing attempt to produce a coherently

organized body of theory and observation is

the driving force of research, and the

prolonged failure of specific research project

leads to scientific revolutions.

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“Theory determines what observations are

worth making and how they are understood,

and observation provides challenges to

accepted theoretical structures. The

continuing attempt to produce a coherently

organized body of theory and observation is

the driving force of research, and the

prolonged failure of specific research project

leads to scientific revolutions.

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wholistic nursing views the biophysical,

psychological and sociological subsystems

which the mind-body exist.

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has a metaphysical component that implicates

that the natural world exist, there is no non-

natural or supranatural realm.

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includes the broad conceptual boundaries

of nursing knowledge, human beings, health

nursing and environment.

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is the most abstract type and sets forth the

meaning of nursing phenomena through

analysis, reasoning and logical presentation

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are set of concepts that address phenomena

central to nursing in proposition that explains

relationships among them

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works derived from conceptual model and

proposes an abstract testable theory.

•They have the capacity to threaten the

solvency of the conceptual model which they

are derived

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works derived from nursing philosophies,

conceptual models, grand theories, abstract

nursing theories or works in other discipline

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most specific focus and is concrete in its level

of abstraction. They address the specifics of nursing situations

within the perspective of the model or from

which they are derived

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Word should be defined specifically according

to the framework

•Relationship between concepts must be clearly

identified and valid

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the most useful theory provides the greatest

sense of understanding. It provides guidance for practice

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scope of application and the purpose within

the theory. The broader the scope, the greater the

significance of the theory

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testability and ultimate use of theory to

describe aspects of practice

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nursing theory guides research and practice,

generates new knowledge and differentiate

the focus of nursing from that of other

discipline. Theories reveal what knowledge nurses must

and should spend time pursuing

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INTERNATIONAL NURSES DAY,

is

observed in respect to her contribution to

Nursing.

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Nursing Paradigm that states Nursing is different from medicine and the

goal of nursing is to place the patient in the

best possible condition for nature to act.

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Nursing Paradigm that states People as patient. Patient as Individuals

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Nursing Paradigm that states HEALTH as being well and using every

power(resources) to the fullest extent in living

life.

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Nursing Paradigm that states it is the responsibility of nurses to reduce

noise, to relieve patients’ anxieties, and to help

them sleep

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is considered as dys-ease or the

absence of comfort.

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5 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL

THEORY

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Meet the nutritional needs of the patient

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Theorist that said Caring consists of CARATIVE FACTORS that

result in the satisfaction of certain human

needs.

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Practice loving-kindness and equanimity within

the content of caring consciousness.

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The recognition of feelings leads to self-

actualization through self acceptance for both

the nurse and patient. Cultivation of one’s own spiritual practices and

transpersonal self going beyond the ego self.

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Strongest tool is the mode of

communication, which establishes rapport

and caring. Developing and sustaining a helping

trusting authentic caring relationship.

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Being present to, supportive of, the

expression of positive- negative as a

connection with deeper spirit and self and

the one being-cared for.

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Creative use of self and all ways of

knowing as part of the caring process; to

engage in the artistry of caring-healing

practices

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The nurse facilitates this process with

teaching-learning activities that are designed

to enable patients to provide self-care,

determine personal needs, and provide

opportunities for their growth

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Nurse must recognize the influence that

internal and external environments have on

the health and illness of the individual.

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All the needs deserve to be attended to and valued

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the nurse assists the person to find the

strength or courage to confront life or death

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consists of knowledge, thought,

values, philosophy, commitment, and action

with some degree of passion

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3

ELEMENTS

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The positive state of physical, mental and

social well-being

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is a disharmony within a person’s

inner self or soul.

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Healing spaces can be used to help others

transcend illness, pain and suffering

emphasizing the environment and person

connection

• “when the nurse enters the patient room a

magnetic field of expectation is created”.

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Unity of mind, body, spirit, nature.

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can also result from genetic

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person can demonstrate marginally

acceptable performance, having coped with

enough real situation, or have pointed out by a

mentor. Nurses functioning at this level are guided by

rules and are oriented by task completion.

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Approach to knowledge development is from

beginner to expert

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person has no background experience of the

situation in which she or he is involved.

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The Nursing Paradgim of Patricia Benner that states Nurses attend to all dimension of the body

and seek to understand the role of

embodiment in particular situation of health,

illness and recovery.

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• learning through actual situations and

following instruction of others, the advanced

beginner moves to the competent level

• Consistency, predictability and time

management are important in competent

performance

• Focus is on time management and the nurse

organization of the task.

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the nurse perceives the situation as a whole

rather than in terms of aspect and the

performance id guided by maxims. Demonstrate a new ability to see changing

relevance in a situation including recognition

and implementation of skilled response to the

situation as it evolves

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no longer relies on

analytical principles to connect an

understanding of the situation to an

appropriate action. Have an intuitive grasp of the situation and

being able to identify the region of the

problem without losing time considering a

range of alternative diagnosis and solution

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not just the absence of disease and illness.

It is defined as what can be assessed meaning

what can be observed from the patient

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is loss or dysfunction

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is assessment of the physical level/

physical symptoms

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Defined as person engaged interaction,

interpretation and understanding of the

situation, in other theories this is term as environment.

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means love and charity. Caring is an endeavor

to mediate faith, hope and love through

tending, playing and learning.

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the right to be confirmed as a unique human

being

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characterized by intensity and vitality and by

warmth, closeness, rest respect, honesty and

tolerance

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the art of making something very special out

of something less special.

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Constantly in change and therefore never in a

state of full completion.

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Deals with the basic relations between the

nurse and the patient- the way in which the

nurse meets the patient in an ethical sense

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refers to the act that occurs when the carer

welcomes the patient to the caring

communion. (a room where a patient is

allowed to rest, breathes genuine hospitality)

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human being’s struggle between good and evil

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is through tending,

playing, and learning in a spirit of love, faith

and hope.

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is closeness, warmth, and touch

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is exercise, creativity, and

imagination, desires and wishes

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refers to HOME, or to a place where a

human being feels at home

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is aimed at growth and change

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Theorist that stated that the energy field is the fundamental unit of

both the living and nonliving

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There are no boundaries or barrier that inhibit

energy flow between fields. The human field and the environmental field

are constantly exchanging their energy

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THREE PRINCIPLES OF HOMEODYNAMICS

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is defined as the distinguishing

characteristic of an energy field perceived as a

single wave

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is defined as "non linear

domain without spatial or temporal attributes"

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is an ordered arrangement of

rhythm characterizing both human field and

environmental field that undergoes continuous

dynamic metamorphosis in the human

environmental process

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describes the unpredictable, but

continuous, nonlinear evolution of energy

fields as evidenced by non-repeating

rhythmicities

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is an "irreducible,

indivisible, pan dimensional (four-

dimensional) energy field identified by

pattern and manifesting characteristics that are

specific to the whole

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•is an "irreducible, pan

dimensional energy field identified by pattern

and integral with the human field"

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• An organized body of knowledge which is

specific to nursing is arrived at by scientific

research and logical analysis

• Art of nursing practice:

o The creative use of science for the

betterment of the human

o The creative use of its

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THREE THEORIES of Dorothea Orem

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acquired ability to perform the self care and

this will be affected by the basic conditioning

factors such as age, gender, health care

system, family system etc.

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Developmental-self development

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Theorist that states Nursing care becomes necessary when client is

unable to fulfill biological, psychological,

developmental, or social needs.

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Whenever there is an inadequacy of any of

these self-care requisite, the person will be in

need of self-care or will have a deficit in self-

care.

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Her Theory describes a dynamic, interpersonal

relationship in which a person grows and

develops to attain certain life goals.

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THE 3 INTERACTING SYSTEM FRAMEWORK

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How the nurse views and integrates self based

from personal goals

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How the nurse interrelates with patients and

co-workers

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• How the nurse interacts with co-workers,

superiors, subordinates and patients in general

• Organization, authority, power and decision

making

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• HUMAN BEING HAS THREE FUNDAMENTAL

NEEDS:

o The need for the health information that is

unable at the time when it is needed and

can be used

o The need for care that seek to prevent

illness, and

o The need for care when human beings are

unable to help themselves.

TRUE OR FALSE

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involves dynamic life experiences of a

human being, which implies continuous

adjustment to stressors in the internal and

external environment through optimum use of

one’s resources to achieve maximum potential

for daily living.

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is the background for human

interactions.

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Type of Environment that transforms energy to enable person to adjust

to continuous external environmental changes.

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Type of Environment that involves formal and informal organizations.

Nurse is a part of the patient’s environment.

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GOAL OF NURSE: “To help individuals to

maintain their health so they can function in

their roles.”

TRUE or FALSE

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“includes promoting,

maintaining, and restoring health, and caring

for the sick, injured and dying.

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“To

interpret information in nursing process to

plan, implement and evaluate nursing care.

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is any situation herein the

nurse relates and deals with a clientele or

patient.

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THE 3 GOALS ATTAINMENT THEORY

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• is a means of behavior or activities that are

accomplishment of a certain act.

• it is both physical and mental.

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• is not specified but somehow relates reaction

as part of action.

• response to a certain stimuli

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is the absence of boundary existence, where a

dynamic interaction between the internal and

external environment can exchange

information without barriers or hindrances.