Blood Typing

Circulatory System - please view the ppt in

presentation mode

Blood, Heart, Arteries, and Veins

Who is this?

GEORGE WASHINGTON

How Did He Die?

On December 13, 1799, George
Washington awoke with a bad
sore throat and began to
decline rapidly. A proponent of
bloodletting, he asked to be
bled the next day, and physicians drained an estimated 5 to 7 pints in less than 16 hours. Despite their best efforts, Washington died on December 14, leading to speculation that excessive blood loss contributed to his demise.

In medieval Europe, bloodletting became the standard treatment for various conditions, from plague and smallpox to epilepsy and gout. Practitioners typically nicked veins or arteries in the forearm or neck, sometimes using a special tool featuring a fixed blade and known as a fleam. In 1163 a church edict prohibited monks and priests, who often stood in as doctors, from performing bloodletting, stating that the church “abhorred” the procedure. Partly in response to this injunction, barbers began offering a range of services that included bloodletting, cupping, tooth extractions, lancing and even amputations—along with, of course, trims and shaves. The modern striped barber’s pole harkens back to the bloodstained towels that would hang outside the offices of these “barber-surgeons.”

Blood
•Connective Tissue in the Long Bone

•4-6 Liters in body

•Functions of blood include:
1. Transportation- the lymphatic system
returns tissue fluid back to the blood

2. Regulation - what do you think blood
helps to regulate?

3. Protection - how does blood provide
you protection?

Blood - draw the tube and label the parts

•2 Parts

•Solid “Formed
Elements” (45%)
•WBC’s
•RBC’s

•“Plasma” (55%)

•Mostly Water

What’s in the Formed Elements?

1)
Erythrocytes- Red Blood Cells
� Biconcave shape
� Small, no nucleus
� Carries Oxygen

Hemoglobin

� Lifespan of 120 days

What’s in the Formed Elements?

2)

Leukocytes- White Blood Cells

a)

Larger in size compared to RBC’s

b)

Have a nucleus

c)

No hemoglobin

d)

Main job is to fight infections

Types of Leukocytes

1)
Granular

a)
Lobed nucleus

•
Ex: Neutrophils,
eosinophils,
basophils

2)
Agranular

a)
Larger than granular

•
Ex: Monocyte and
lymphocytes

Other Items in the Blood

•Thrombocytes (Platelets)

•No nuclei
•Lifespan is about 10
days
•Important in Clotting

Platelets Role in Clotting- watch this 2
minute video clip
•Steps

•Blood vessel broken
due to a cut or
scrape
•Platelets change
shape and form a
temporary plug
•Fibrin strands form a
longer lasting clot

Disorders of the Blood

•Anemia

•Blood cannot carry sufficient
oxygen

•Reasons for Anemia

• Extreme blood loss
• CO poisoning
• Sickle Cells

•Sickle shaped cells
caused by sickle cell
anemia

Disorders of the Blood

•Leukemia- Cancer of the bone marrow.
Many leukocytes that are being produced
are deformed

Normal WBC

The Basis of Blood Types

•RBCs carry antigens or
agglutinogens on their
membranes
•Antigens cause an
immune response by
the body
•Plasma contains
antibodies (immune

response) or agglutinins
that will bond to
FOREIGN antigens

The ABO Blood System

•4 Main Types of Blood Cells = A, B, AB, and O. What makes
them different from each other are their antigens or
agglutinogens (proteins) and antibodies or agglutinins (our
body’s defense mechanism)

•RBCs that have Type A antigens (AKA agglutinogens) will
have anti-B antibodies (AKA agglutinins) in their plasma

•RBCs that have Type B antigens (AKA agglutinogens) will
have anti-A antibodies (AKA agglutinins) in their plasma

The next slide shows this. I would recommend
copying the diagram down in your notes - also

include the pictures of the blood cells

The ABO Blood System - can you
answer the following? - It is up to you if
you want to copy down a few examples

•What about Type AB blood? What antigens does it
have? What antibodies?

•What about Type O Blood? Any antigens on its
surface? What antibodies are in the plasma?

A and B antigens

O Antigens on
the surface

There are A and B
antibodies in the
plasma

No antibodies

•Type AB is considered
to be a “universal
recipient”

•Type O is considered to be a
“universal donor”

Blood Transfusions - can you
answer the following

•What blood types may a person with Type A receive
blood from?

•What blood types may a person with Type O receive
blood from?

Type A and Type O

Type O

Rh Factor

•Another way blood is classified is based upon
the “Rhesus Factor”
•If you are Rh+ then you have a particular
antigen on your RBCs

•Rh- people do not have the antigen

•People who are Rh- will only begin to made an
antibody if they are exposed to Rh+ blood

So one of the following is incorrect. Which one cannot occur?

1.

A-

AB-

2.

O-

B+

3.

B+

B-

4.

AB-

AB+

So one of the following is incorrect. Which one cannot occur?

1.

A-

AB-

2.

O-

B+

3. B+

B-

4.

AB-

AB+

Complications with Rh

•Seen in mothers who are Rh- and their
child is Rh+

•1st child will be fine, next child is at risk

•hemolytic disease of the newborn