Acid-Base Summary

Acid-Base Summary

Acids

• Produce H₃O⁺ ions in solution

• Tend to have "H" at the beginning of formulas

• pH lower than 7

• Taste sour

• Corrosive: can cause chemical burns

• Examples: Citrus (HC₆H₇O₇), stomach acid (HCl), vinegar (HC₂H₃O₂)

Bases

• Produce OH^- ions in solution

• Tend to have "OH" at the end of formulas

• pH greater than 7

• Taste bitter; feel slippery

• Corrosive: can cause chemical burns

• Examples: Lye (NaOH), Antacid (Ca(OH)₂), Ammonia (NH₄OH)

Neutral Substances

• Have equal H₃O⁺ and OH^- ions

• pH equal to 7

• Examples: Water (H₂O), Salt (NaCl), Sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)

Multiple Choice

A sugar solution has a pH of 7. This means the sugar solution is:

• acidic

• basic

• neutral

Fill in the Blank

The _____ scale measures the acidity of substances.

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a property of acidic solutions?

• they taste sour

• they feel slippery

• they are in many cleaning products

• they taste bitter

Multiple Choice

Four substances were tested for pH: lemon juice (pH 2), baking soda (pH 9), bleach (pH 12), and milk (pH 6). Rank these 4 substances from most basic to most acidic?

• lemon juice, milk, baking soda, bleach

• bleach, baking soda, milk, lemon juice

• milk, lemon juice, baking soda, bleach

• baking soda, bleach, lemon juice, milk

Multiple Choice

A wasp sting injects an alkaline substance into your skin. What could you use to neutralize it?

• baking soda (pH = 8)

• vinegar (pH = 2.5)

• water (pH = 7)

Multiple Choice

A bee sting injects an acidic substance into your skin. What could you use to neutralize it?

• baking soda (pH = 8)

• vinegar (pH = 2.5)

• water (pH = 7)

Multiple Choice

Is HNO₃ an acid or base?

• Acid
• Base

Multiple Choice

KOH will release which ion?

• OH-
• H+
• OH+
• H-

Multiple Choice

Human blood has a pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Which of the following best describes human blood?

• strongly acidic
• slightly acidic
• strongly basic
• slightly basic

Multiple Choice

Human blood has a pH between 7.35 and 7.45. What would you expect to see for the concentration of each ion?

• very high H₃O⁺ and very low OH^-

• slightly higher H₃O⁺ and slightly lower OH^-

• very high OH^- and very low H₃O⁺

• slightly higher OH^- and slightly lower H₃O⁺

• Equal concentrations of OH^- and H₃O⁺

Multiple Choice

An unknown substance was tested and found to have an extremely high concentration of hydroxide ions, OH^-. and very low concentration of hydronium ions, H₃O⁺. Which pH would make the most sense?

• pH = 2

• pH = 6

• pH = 8

• pH = 12