1.6 1.7 Nucleic Acids and Proteins

​Macromolecules

​Nucleic Acids and Proteins

​Part 2

Multiple Choice

DNA and RNA are examples of...

• proteins
• nucleic acids
• carbohydrates
• lipids

Multiple Choice

What is the function of nucleic acids?

• Stores energy
• Stores genetic information
• Movement
• Physical structure

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

• Glycerol
• Monosaccharides
• Amino Acids
• Nucleotides

​single/double rings

​Purines are nitrogen bases that has double rings, while pyrimidines only have single rings.

Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Two same ringed bases cannot bond together because it will result in a long or short molecule which will cause the DNA not to polymerize.

Multiple Choice

All organic compounds contain the element

• carbon
• nitrogen
• phosphorus
• sulfur

Multiple Choice

RNA contains the sugar...

• Deoxyribose
• Glucose
• Ribose
• Lipids

Multiple Choice

What are the components of a nucleotide?

• nitrogen base, phosphate group, and pentose sugar
• pentose sugar, purine, and pyrimidine
• nitrogen base and a phosphate group
• DNA, phosphate group, monosaccharide

Multiple Choice

Pyrimidines:

• Double ringed structure

• Single ringed structure

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between DNA and RNA from the point of view of the nitrogenous bases that are present in their nucleotides?

• In DNA, nucleotides can be made up of A, T, C, G. In RNA, nucleotides can also contain A, C or G; however, instead of T, they contain U.
• Purine and Pyrimidine
• Pyrimidine: Thymine, Cytosine (Urical)
• DNA, RNA

Multiple Choice

Nitrogen Bases for DNA:

• Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil

• Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Phosphate

• Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine

• Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Sulfur

Multiple Choice

Nitrogen bases for RNA:

• Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil

• Adenine Guanine, Cytosine, and Sulfur

• Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine

• Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Phosphate

Multiple Choice

Steps or rungs of ladder, are made up of:

• Nitrogen containing bases that connect in center by weak hydrogen bonds.

• Nitrogen containing bases that connect in the center by carbohydrate bonds

• Nitrogen containing bases that connect in the center by weak phosphate bonds

• Nitrogen containing bases that connect in the center by strong phosphate bonds

Multiple Select

Which Nitrogen bases go together?

• Adenine and Cytosine

• Adenine and Thymine

• Cytosine and Guanine

• Thymine and Guanine

Multiple Choice

Purines:

• Double ringed structures

• Single ringed structures

Multiple Choice

Sides or backbones of DNA molecules are made up of?

• Alternating sugars-phosphates

• Nitrogen and Phosphate

• Alternating sugar-sulfur

• Carbon and Hydrogen

Multiple Choice

What are Nucleic Acids made up of?

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

• Carbon Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphate

• Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Multiple Choice

If AAGAGG went through DNA replication, the complementary bases would be....

• TTCTCC
• UUCUCC

Multiple Choice

Which of these is not part of a nucleotide?

• sugar
• phosphate
• nitrogen base
• phospholipid

Multiple Choice

 Which of these is not found in DNA?

• adenine
• thymine
• phosphate
• ribose

Multiple Choice

If you have 40 adenine in a DNA molecule, how many thymine can you expect?

• 20
• 30
• 40
• 50

Proteins:

• are polymers made of amino acids

• contain C, H, O and N

• are diverse in structure and function

Multiple Select

Which elements can be found in proteins?

• C

• H

• N

• P

• O

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer or building block of proteins?

• glucose

• nucleotides

• amino acids

• lipids

To build a protein:

• must remove water; dehydration synthesis

• link together amino acids using peptide bonds

• proteins=polypeptides

Multiple Choice

How are proteins built?

• remove water

• add water

• make a bond

• hydrolysis

Multiple Choice

What is another name for a protein?

• fat

• sugar

• amino acid

• polypeptide

Multiple Choice

What holds amino acids together?

• hydrogen bonds

• peptide bonds

• ionic bonds

• james boonds

Proteins can be used as enzymes

• Enzymes are catalysts; they speed up chemical reactions

• Enzymes lower activation energy

• Enzymes work like a lock and a key

• Enzymes are specific to temperature and pH

Multiple Select

Enzymes

• fats

• proteins

• catalysts

• dogalysts

• lower activation energy

Multiple Select

What can make an enzyme not work?

• changing the pH

• change the shape

• changing the temperature

• change the size

Multiple Select

What can make an enzyme not work?

• changing the pH

• change the shape

• changing the temperature

• change the size

Proteins can act as chemical messengers:

• Hormones

• Poisons

• Venom
  

Some common places to find proteins include:

• milk

• eggs

• meat

• beans

Multiple Choice

What is a protein: 

• A polymer composed of many sugars.
• A polymer composed of many amino acids. 
• A polymer composed of fatty acids. 
• A polymer composed of nucleotides. 

Multiple Choice

How many different amino acids are there?

• 15
• 20
• 25
• 30

Multiple Choice

This is one job proteins do NOT have in the body

• storing genetic information
• structure
• speed up chemical reactions
• transport things through cell membrane

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer of proteins?

• amino acids
• polypeptides
• nucleotides
• monosaccharides

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows a bond forming between two amino acids. What is the name of this reaction?

• Dehydration Synthesis
• Hydrolysis
• Pepysis
• Oxidation

Multiple Choice

Each amino acid is different from the other due to....

• The R group
• The amino group
• The carboxyl group
• The central carbon

Multiple Choice

What is a long chain of amino acids called?

• Polysaccharide

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

• Polypeptide

• Nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the bond that joins two amino acids together?

• Ester bond

• Glycosidic bond

• Peptide bond

• Nucleic bond

Multiple Choice

Which reaction is needed to break the bond between two amino acids?

• Dehydration

• Dehydrogenation

• Hydration

• Hydrolysis

Multiple Choice

All proteins

• have a unique structure that determines their unique function.

• are exactly the same in function but different in structure.

• are exactly the same in structure but different in function.

• are enzymes.

Multiple Choice

Which protein structure describes the sequence of amino acids?

• Primary

• Secondary

• Tertiary

• Quaternary

Multiple Choice

What is the name for a chain of amino acids?

• Polypeptide chain

• Triglycerides

• Polysaccharides

• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

Alpha helix and beta sheet are examples of what type of protein structure?

• Primary

• Secondary

• Tertiary

• Quaternary

Multiple Choice

Type of protein that breaks down nutrients so that they can be absorbed by the body.

• Contractile proteins

• Structural proteins

• Digestive enzyme

• Signaling proteins

Multiple Choice

What are the monomers that make up proteins?

• Monosaccharides

• Amino acids

• Nucleic acids

• Fatty acids

Multiple Choice

Hemoglobin is a protein that binds to oxygen and helps carry it in the blood and deliver it to other parts of the body. This is an example of what type of protein?

• Transport

• Signaling

• Storage

• Contractile

Multiple Choice

What is the name for a chain of amino acids?

• Polypeptide chain

• Triglycerides

• Polysaccharides

• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the bond that joins two amino acids together?

• Ester bond

• Glycosidic bond

• Peptide bond

• Nucleic bond

Multiple Choice

Which reaction is needed to bond two amino acids together?

• Dehydration

• Dehydrogenation

• Hydration

• Hydrolysis

Multiple Choice

Which reaction is needed to break the bond between two amino acids?

• Dehydration

• Dehydrogenation

• Hydration

• Hydrolysis

Multiple Choice

What is this molecule called?

• nucleotide

• fatty acid

• amino acid

• monosaccharide

• glycerol

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is used as our main source of energy?

• Lipids/Fats

• Nucleic Acids

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids?

• lipids
• proteins
• carbohydrates
• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

You are analyzing a compound in the laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How will you classify the compound?

• lipid
• protein
• carbohydrate
• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

Fats, oils and cholesterol are all types of what?

• cell membranes
• hormones
  hormones
• lipids
• fatty acids

Multiple Choice

RNA and DNA are which type of macromolecules?

• carbohydrate
• lipid
• nucleic acid
• protein

Multiple Choice

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base form the building blocks of which organic compound?

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• nucleic acids
• proteins

Multiple Choice

 In living organisms, lipids function mainly as:

• Sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information
• Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
• Transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions
• Catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes