Physical Science Final Review

Scientific Method- an organized set of investigation procedures

• State the Problem

• Gather Information

• Form a hypothesis- a possible explanation for a problem using what you know and what you observe

• Test the hypothesis- experiment

• Analyze data

• Draw Conclusion

Multiple Choice

A possible explanation to a problem that has not yet been tested.

• data

• theory

• hypothesis

• fact

Multiple Choice

This variable in an experiment is the one being deliberately changed by the scientist.

• dependent variable

• independent variable

• data

• control group

Multiple Choice

This variable in an experiment is the one being deliberately changed by the scientist.

• dependent variable

• independent variable

• data

• control group

Multiple Choice

Should experiments be repeated over and over to see if the results are the same each time?

• yes

• no

Multiple Choice

In a controlled experiment, how many variables can be worked with at a time?

• one

• none

• two or more

• how ever many makes sense.

Multiple Choice

Mr. S. sets up an experiment to see how the mass of a ball affects the distance it rolls off a ramp. Identify the independent variable.

• distance traveled by the ball

• height of the ramp

• mass of the ball

• weight of the ball

Multiple Choice

Molecules move, but they only vibrate in place.

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

Multiple Choice

Which state of matter has a definite shape?

• solid
• liquid
• gas

Multiple Choice

Matter that has no definite shape, but has a definite volume.

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

Multiple Choice

Molecules change position easily and slide past one another.

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

Multiple Choice

Matter that has no definite shape, nor volume.

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

Kinetic Molecular Theory

1. Gas particles have volume and empty space

   1. Large number of particles far apart most of the volume is empty space

2. ​No attraction or repultions between the particles.

   1. The Kinetic energy overcomes the attractions forces

3. ​Particle are in constant, linear, random motion

4. Collisions are elastic - no kinetic energy is lost in a collision

5. ​Kinetic Energy is directly proportional to temperature

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

Which container will have lower pressure?

• First container

• second container

Multiple Choice

Boyle's PV law : When _______ is held constant, the pressure and volume of a gas are ________ proportional

• temperature, equally

• temperature, inversely

• mass, equally

• mass, inversely

Multiple Choice

Whose law states that as pressure goes up, volume goes down?

• Mazias

• Boyle

• Charles

• Aglow

Multiple Choice

Charles' Law States...

• As Volume goes up temperature goes up 

• As Pressure goes down volume goes down 

• As Pressure goes up volume goes down

• As Pressure goes up temperature goes up

Multiple Choice

Substances that release OH- ions into a solution are known as

• Acids

• Bases

• Enzymes

• Water

Multiple Choice

Acids release what into a solution?

• H+ ions

• Hydroxide Ions (OH-)

• water

• salt

Multiple Select

Which of the following substances are considered ACIDIC? (Select all that apply)

• orange juice

• soap

• sulfuric acid

• gastric acid

Multiple Select

Which of the following substances are considered BASIC? (Select all that apply)

• bleach

• sea water

• baking soda

• lemon juice

Particle Diagrams and Density

• We can imagine the "stuff" as particles and recognize that both the amount of particles (mass) and the space they occupy determine the density

• Let's compare and discuss A and B...

• Now let's compare and discuss A and C...

Multiple Choice

Which diagram shows the MOST dense object?

• left

• center

• right

Multiple Choice

Which diagram shows the LEAST dense object?

• left

• center

• right

Calculating Density

• This is in the Edpuzzle video for the week and the Notes so make sure you get it down!

• mass is typically in units of g or kg

• volume of liquids is in mL

• volume of liquids is in cm³

• density has a "combined" unit of g/mL or g/cm³

Practice calculating density

Multiple Choice

A block of aluminum occupies a volume of 15.0 mL and weighs 45.0 g. What is its density?

• 3 g/mL

• 0.3333 g/mL

• 675 g/mL

• I have no idea

Atomic Structure

Multiple Choice

What is the charge of a proton?

• Negative

• Positive

• Neutral

Multiple Choice

What particle number is equal to the atomic number Z

• Protons

• Electrons

• Neutrons

Multiple Choice

What is the charge of a neutron?

• Negative

• Positive

• Neutral

Open Ended

What are the particles circulating around the Nucleus

Multiple Choice

What type of bond forms NaCl?

• ionic

• covalent

• metallic

Multiple Choice

What type of bond forms  $$NH_3$$  ?

• ionic

• covalent

• metallic

Multiple Choice

What kind of bond forms $$H_2O$$  ?

• ionic

• covalent

• metallic

Multiple Choice

What type of bond forms BaS?

• ionic

• covalent

• metallic

Multiple Choice

What type of bond forms CO₂?

• ionic

• covalent

• metallic

Multiple Choice

Which phrase describes what happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?

• never lost or gained, just rearranged

• sometimes lost, never rearranged

• sometimes lost, gained, or rearranged

• lost or gained, never rearranged

Multiple Choice

Which type of chemical reaction has two or more reactants to make one product?

• combustion

• single displacement

• double displacement

• synthesis

• decomposition

Multiple Choice

What reaction has the following general formula:

AB --> A + B

• Synthesis

• Decomposition

• Single Replacement

• Double Replacement

• Combustion

Multiple Choice

What reaction has the following general formula:

A + B --> AB

• Synthesis

• Decomposition

• Single Replacement

• Double Replacement

• Combustion

Multiple Choice

What reaction has the following general formula:

A + CD --> C + AD

• Synthesis

• Decomposition

• Single Replacement

• Double Replacement

• Combustion

Multiple Choice

What reaction has the following general formula:

AB + CD --> CB + AD

• Synthesis

• Decomposition

• Single Replacement

• Double Replacement

• Combustion

Multiple Choice

What type of reaction involves 2 substances combining to form 1 new compound?

• Decomposition Reaction

• Single Displacement Reaction

• Double Displacement Reaction

• Synthesis Reaction

Multiple Choice

Which chemical reaction always starts with a hydrocarbon that reacts with oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water?

• Decomposition

• Synthesis

• Combustion

• Single Replacement

REMEMBER

# of each element in reactants

MUST EQUAL

# of each element in products

2Al₂(CO₃)₃

• Al: 4 because 2 x 2 = 4

• C: 6 because 2 x 3 = 6

• O: 18 because 3 x 3 x 2 = 18

Multiple Choice

Which of the pictures below shows a balanced representation of

H₂ + O₂ → H₂O?

Multiple Choice

1. Equal amounts of four different substances (A-D) where added separately to equal amounts of an acid and a thermometer placed in the mixture. For which substance is the reaction the most exothermic?

• A. temperature rises by 3 $$\degree C$$    

• B. temperature falls by 5 $$\degree C$$   

• C. temperature falls by 3 $$\degree C$$    

• D. temperature rises by 5 $$\degree C$$  

Multiple Choice

2. The breaking of bonds in a chlorine molecule must be?

• A. endothermic  

• B. equilibrium   

• C. electrolytic  

• D.  exothermic

Multiple Choice

 3. Which of the following is a chemical change?

• A. melting an ice-cube  

• B. lighting a match  

• C. cooling a cup of tea                    

• D. dissolving sugar in coffee

Multiple Choice

5. When ammonium chloride dissolves in water the temperature falls. The type of energy change is described as?

• A. exothermic    

•  B. activated  

• C. decomposition            

• D. endothermic

Multiple Choice

6. Which of these processes is always exothermic?

• A. evaporation

• B. burning

• C. insulation

• D. melting

Multiple Choice

7. When an exothermic reaction takes place, the reaction mixture gets hotter because?

• A.    more energy is released when new bonds are formed than is taken in when existing bonds in the reactants are broken

• B.    exothermic changes always produce gases

• C.    energy is always released in a chemical change which makes new substances

• D.    in an exothermic change the products are more stable than the reactants