Mexico Becomes Independent I

Mexico Become Independent

Lesson 1: Spanish Texas, 1763–1819

In this lesson, you will...

learn why Spain decided to close most of its Texas missions, how the American Revolution affected Texas, and the significance of the Adams-Onís Treaty.

McGraw Hill: Texas History

For this lesson, you will be reading:
Chapter 7: Mexico Becomes Independent
Lesson 1: Spanish Texas, 1763-1819

Remember to also use your AVID notes for this lesson.

After the war, Great Britain gained control of Canada and all land east of the Mississippi River.

Great Britain also received Florida from Spain.

Spain received Louisiana, the Mississippi River delta, and the city of New Orleans.

Open Ended

Study this map carefully with your team. What changes do you see in the territory (land) controlled by Spain and Britain?

Spanish officials began to wonder if they still needed the East Texas missions and presidios.

The Spanish king made Marqués de Rubí the visitador (inspector) general.

Rubí’s job was to tour the frontier and recommend a course of action.

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Rubi said that all missions in Texas, except for those at San Antonio and Goliad, should be abandoned, and that all settlers in East Texas should be moved to San Antonio.

In 1773, the Spanish Governor of Texas, Barón de Ripperdá, closed the last three missions in East Texas and ordered the settlers to move to San Antonio.

Open Ended

What were Rubí’s recommendations?

The leader of the East Texans, Gil Y’Barbo, asked Governor de Ripperdá to allow them to return to their former homes.

When the governor refused, Y’Barbo led the settlers back into East Texas.

There they founded the town of Nacogdoches, near the Mission Guadalupe.

Open Ended

What led to the founding of the town of Nacogdoches?

In 1776, thirteen of Britain’s North American colonies rebelled against British rule.

On July 4, the Declaration of Independence was made public.

The American Revolution had begun. Spain and France would side with the colonists against Great Britain.

Bernardo de Gálvez was the Spanish governor of Louisiana.

He opened New Orleans to American ships.

He also gave weapons, clothing, money, and medical supplies to American troops.

When Spain entered the war in 1779, Gálvez raised an army. Gálvez’s army forced British troops from towns and forts along the Gulf of Mexico. This helped keep the British from taking back the southern colonies.

In 1783 the American Revolution ended.

America's borders stretched from Canada to Florida, and west to the Mississippi River.

Florida was returned to Spain.

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In 1800, Spain gave Louisiana and New Orleans back to France.

Three years later, the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France.

The United States now shared a border with Texas.

Open Ended

Modern map of the United States overlapped with territory bought in the Louisiana Purchase (in white)

How did the Louisiana Purchase change things on the border of Spanish Texas?

Thousands of Americans moved into the Louisiana Territory and Spanish East Texas.

The Spanish ordered the Americans out of Texas, but that set off a boundary dispute.

The United States said that the Sabine River was the boundary (border) between Texas and Louisiana.

Spain claimed that the boundary was a line from the Arroyo Hondo to the Calcasieu River in Louisiana.

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General James Wilkinson, commander of the U.S. Army in Louisiana, and Colonel Simón de Herrera, commander of the Spanish in East Texas, came up with an answer.

Instead of fighting for the area, they declared it to be the Neutral Ground. That meant it was land that did not belong to either country.

In 1819 the United States and Spain signed the Adams-Onís Treaty, ending the boundary dispute.

Open Ended

What did Spain gain in the Adams-Onís Treaty?

Multiple Choice

An agreement among countries to work together is called a(n) _____.

• association

• bargain

• alliance

• compact

Multiple Choice

The Seven Years' War was a conflict between Great Britain and _____ for control of North America.

• Spain

• France

• Canada

• Germany

Multiple Choice

After Spain acquired Louisiana, it abandoned most of its missions in _____.

• East Texas

• New Orleans

• West Texas

• New Mexico

Multiple Choice

One of the recommendations of the Marqués de Rubí was to build a string of _____.

• missions

• presidios

• towns

• trading posts

Multiple Choice

Spain and _____ sided with the thirteen North American colonies during the American Revolution.

• Canada

• Germany

• France

• Russia

Multiple Choice

In 1803 the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from _____.

• Spain

• France

• Canada

• Britain

Multiple Choice

_____ led settlers back into East Texas against the wishes of Spanish authoriities.

• Gil Y'Barbo

• Bucareli

• Marqués de Rubí

• Barón de Ripperdá

Multiple Choice

The United States and Spain signed the _____, to settle their boundary dispute.

• Adams-Onís Treaty

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Mississippi Treaty

• Treaty of Paris

Multiple Choice

In 1819 Spain gave Florida to the United States while the United States surrendered all claims to _____.

• Louisiana

• Mississippi

• Texas

• New Mexico

Multiple Choice

A _____ is an individual who carries out unauthorized warfare against a foreign country.

• pirate

• filibuster

• squatter

• privateer