Quarter 1 Review for Unit Test - rough draft

Chapters 1, 2, 8

Quarter 1 Review for Unit Test

Experimental Design

Independent Variable: What is
changed or manipulated (only
can change 1 thing at a time)

Dependent Variable: What is
being measured

Constants: Remain
unchanged; can have multiple

Control Group and Experimental
Group:

●

Control Groups are used for
comparisons ; no change has
happened in this group

●

Experimental Groups are
experimented upon and the
independent variable is being
used in this group

Multiple Choice

Two teachers want to test the effect of noise on memory. They put students into 3 groups. All groups are asked to memorize ten words in 5 minutes. After five minutes, each student writes down as many words they can remember from the list. Group one spends their 5 minutes with classical music playing. Group two spends their 5 minutes with pop music playing. Group three spends their five minutes in silence.

The independent variable in this experiment is:

• the number of words memorized

• The type of music

• The number of groups

• The number of students in each group

Multiple Choice

Two teachers want to test the effect of noise on memory. They put students into 3 groups. All groups are asked to memorize ten words in 5 minutes. After five minutes, each student writes down as many words they can remember from the list. Group one spends their 5 minutes with classical music playing. Group two spends their 5 minutes with pop music playing. Group three spends their five minutes in silence.

What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

• number of words memorized

• number of students in each group

• time given for memorization

• type of music

Multiple Choice

Which answer should be a constant in the previous experiment?

• number of words memorized

• music type

• time given for memorization

Multiple Choice

What is the control group in the previous experiment?

• number of students

• group with classical music

• group with pop music

• group with not music

Graphing and Data

Quantitative data: think quantity

●

Numbers, measurements

Qualitative data: think quality

●

Descriptions and adjectives

Multiple Choice

How does an enzyme affect activation energy?

• raises it

• lowers it

• no effect

Multiple Choice

During what year were the populations of the white tailed deer and mule deer the same?

• 1450

• 1750

• 2000

• 1900

Biogenesis vs Spontaneous Generation

Current theory! Life
can only come from life

Person

Experiment Info:

SG or Biogenesis?

Redi

Jars of meat that were open had flies; those closed did not

Biogenesis

Needham

Loosely sealed flasks of broth eventually had bacterial growth

SG

Spallanzani

Sealed flasks did not have bacteria & open flasks did

Biogenesis

Pasteur

S-shaped necked flasks never had growth until the neck was
broken off and broth exposed to air

Biogenesis

Life can arise from
nonliving entities

Multiple Choice

The results of Spallanzani's experiment indicate that bacteria come from:

• broth

• bacteria in the air

• dirty glassware

• heat

Multiple Choice

The results of this experiment support the concept of:

• spontaneous generation

• biogenesis

Branches of Biology:

Botany

Plants

Zoology

Animals

Genetics

Heredity

Anatomy

Body Structure

Ecology

Interactions in Envt.

Microbiology

Bacteria

The study of:

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT correctly paired?

• botany-plants

• anatomy - body structures

• microbiology - bacteria

• ecology - recycling resources

Metric System:

Multiple Choice

2.003 cm = _______ m

• 20.03

• .2003

• 2003

• .02003

Multiple Choice

35.40 km = _____ hm

• 3.540

• 354.0

• .3540

• .03540

Periodic Table:

Protons = Atomic Number

Electrons = Proton Number

Mass = Protons + Neutrons
(usually found as a decimal)

Neutrons = Mass - Neutrons

Multiple Choice

How many protons are in this element?

• 96

• 54

• 42

• 138

Multiple Choice

How many neutrons are in this element?

• 96

• 54

• 42

• 138

Multiple Choice

How many electrons are in this element?

• 96

• 54

• 42

• 138

Types of Chemical Bonds

Covalent - Two atoms share a pair of electrons

Ionic - electron(s) are transferred from one atom to another

Hydrogen - hydrogen forms a weak temporary interaction with another molecule

Van der waals - any positive to negative interaction between neighboring
molecules

Match

Match the following types of chemical bonds:

• covalent

• ionic

• van der waals

• hydrogen bonds

shared electrons

transfer of electrons

• + - interaction between neighbors

hydrogen weakly attracted to - area

• shared electrons

• transfer of electrons

• • + - interaction between neighbors

• hydrogen weakly attracted to - area

Isotopes

Isotope: atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Radioactive isotopes - isotopes that emit radiation

How are radioactive isotopes used?

1)

Dating fossils and artifacts

2)

Used in research as “tracers” to follow molecules in
an organism

3)

Medical testing

4)

Medical treatment

Multiple Choice

T/F

Isotopes of an element contain different numbers of protons.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

T/F

Radioactive isotopes can be used to diagnose and treat some diseases.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

T/F

Isotopes of an element contain different numbers of protons.

• true

• false

Water

● Formula: H2O

● In ONE water molecule, the

H and O are held together by
a polar covalent bond

● In neighboring water

molecules, they are held
together by hydrogen bonds

Polar covalent bond

Hydrogen bond

Multiple Choice

Water contains 2 H atoms and one O atom that are attached by a:

• hydrogen bond

• ionic bond

• nonpolar covalent bond

• polar covalent bond

Multiple Choice

One water molecule is attracted to another by:

• a polar covalent bond

• hydrogen bonds

• ionic bonds

• hydrophobic bonds

Properties of Water

1.Less dense as solid - keeps
ponds, lakes, and streams from
freezing

2. Cohesion - water sticks to water; causes
surface tension

3. Adhesion - water sticks to other
molecules

Both contribute to capillary action

4. High heat of vaporization - takes lots of
energy to change temperature of water

5. Universal solvent - able to dissolve many
solutes

Multiple Choice

Which statement is false?

• Water is cohesive in that it sticks to other water.

• Water is adhesive in that is sticks to other molecules.

• Solid water is more dense than liquid.

• Water has a high specific heat and resists temperature changes.

pH Scale

Definition: measure of hydronium ion concentration; how acidic or
basic a solution is

Multiple Choice

Which pH below has the most H+ and is the most acidic?

• pH of 2

• pH of 7

• pH of 4

• pH of 13

Multiple Choice

Which pH below is neutral?

• pH of 2

• pH of 7

• pH of 4

• pH of 13

Multiple Choice

Which pH below has the most H+ and is the most acidic?

• pH of 2

• pH of 7

• pH of 4

• pH of 13

Carbon

●

Molecules that contain carbon are organic molecules

●

Carbon has 6 electrons - 4 are valence electrons (valence means
located in outer shell and available for bonding)

●

Carbon is versatile!!
○Can form four bonds

○Can form single, double, and triple bonds

○Can make rings, chains, and branched
chains

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

• 2

• 4

• 6

• 8

Multiple Choice

How many chemical bonds can carbon form?

• 2

• 4

• 6

• 8

Multiple Choice

T/F

Carbon is a versatile atom that can form single, double, and triple bonds.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

T/F

Carbon is a versatile atom that can form straight chains, rings, and branched chains.

• true

• false

Biomolecules

●Biomolecules are the molecules that make up living things

●Made up of monomers that build polymers

category

monomer

function

examples

1.Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide

●Used for energy

Glucose, lactose,
cellulose

2. Lipids

Fatty acid

●Stores energy

●Make up cell
membrane

Triglyceride, waxes, oil,
fats, phospholipids

3. Proteins

Amino Acid

●Structure

●Run chemical
reactions

●Move materials
in/out of call

Actin, myosin, collagen,
keratin, enzymes

4. Nucleic Acids

Nucleotide

●Store and transmit
genetic info

DNA, RNA

Match

Match the following monomers to their correct biomolecule category.

• fatty acids

• proteins

• nucleic acid

• carbohydrate

lipids

amino acids

nucleotide

monosaccharide

• lipids

• amino acids

• nucleotide

• monosaccharide

Categorize

Options (9)

glucose

oils and fats

glycogen

starch

triglycerides

hemoglobin

collagen and keratin

DNA

RNA

Organize these options into the right categories

carbohydrate

lipid

protein

nucleic acid

Enzymes:

●

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts by
speeding up reactions in the body.

●

They do this by LOWERING the activation energy.

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the location on the enzyme that binds to the substrate?

• product

• active site

• enzyme substrate complex

• product location

Multiple Choice

T/F

An enzyme works by lowering the activation energy of a reaction and can be used over and over again.

• True

• False

Cell Theory:

1. Organisms are made up of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of life
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Botanist Schleiden
Biologist Schwann
Physician Virchow

Credit for cell
theory is given

to these guys!

Cells Shape and Size

●

Cells are so little, so they
can maximize their ratio of
surface area to volume.

●

Smaller cells have a higher
ratio which allows more
molecules to move across
the cell membrane.

●

Cells are so small because
they need to be able to get
the nutrients in and the
waste out quickly.

The shapes of cells usually relate
to their function:

Multiple Choice

Which statement is NOT part of the cell theory?

• Cells all have a nucleus.

• Cells come from other cells.

• All living things are made of cells.

• The cell is the basic unit of all living things.

Multiple Choice

Which of these cells is most likely to function in sending messages long distances in the body? (reminder: Shape will be related to function!)

Microscope Parts:

Total Magnification:

●

Objective lens x eyepiece
lens (always 10)

Objective lens:
●

Low (4x)

●

Medium (10x)

●

High (40x)

Multiple Choice

What number on the diagram is pointing to the base?

• 11

• 9

• 12

• 10

Multiple Choice

What number on the diagram is pointing to the eye piece?

• 1

• 3

• 6

• 8

Multiple Choice

What number on the diagram is pointing to the rotating nosepiece?

• 11

• 9

• 12

• 2

Multiple Choice

What number on the diagram is pointing to the objective lens?

• 2

• 3

• 10

• 11

Multiple Choice

What number on the diagram is pointing to the diaphragm?

• 6

• 7

• 10

• 11