Lesson 15.4- Providing First Aid

Lesson
15.4







Providing
First Aid

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Lesson 15.4 Essential Question

What skills do you need to provide first aid for
injuries and medical emergencies?

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Lesson 15.4 Learning Outcomes

After studying this lesson, you will be able to

•list what should be in a first-aid kit;

•describe the first steps a person should take to provide first aid;

•explain how to provide first aid for wounds such as cuts, scrapes,

puncture wounds, bites, stings, and burns; and

•identify the steps for responding to a medical emergency.

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B

C

F

H

S

•With a partner, take 30

seconds to list all of the
injuries you can think of that
start with each letter shown.

•Share your list with the class.

Briefly discuss how each
injury might affect health.

Warm-Up Activity
Injury List

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First Aid

•Treatment given in the first moments after an accident or injury, usually

before medical professionals arrive to help

•First-aid kits kept in homes or cars and carried for outdoor activities

First-aid manual and phone numbers for the Poison Control Center, family doctor, police
department, and fire department

Resources

Gauze pads, assorted bandages, medical tape, cotton balls and swabs, and scissors

Supplies for Treating Wounds

Antibiotic ointment (cream), antiseptic wipes, hand sanitizer, and disposable latex or synthetic
gloves

Supplies for Preventing

Infections

Elastic wrap, instant cold packs, tweezers, sterile eyedrops or eyewash solution, and oral
thermometer (nonmercury/nonglass)

Supplies for Treating Various

Injuries

Pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, hydrocortisone cream, and antihistamine

OTC Medications

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Use Your Skills
Administering First Aid

•Check the injured person’s condition and assess the situation.

•Is the person responsive? Does the injury appear to be

life-threatening? (severe bleeding, shock, etc.)
•Do not move the person except to leave a dangerous situation.

•As soon as you can, call 911 or local emergency services. If
performing first aid, tell someone nearby to call.
•Give first aid. If possible, ask the injured person or the injured
person’s parent or guardian for consent to give first aid.

Multiple Select

1. What are the signs that a condition is life threatening?

2. (Check all that apply)

• 1. severe bleeding

• 1. labored or no breathing

• 1. shock

• 1. unconsciousness

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Standard Precautions

•Infection control practices to

prevent the spread of disease
during first aid

•Based on universal precautions,

developed by the CDC

Malochka Mikalai/Shutterstock.com

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Cuts, Scrapes, and Puncture Wounds

•Cuts and scrapes

•Often do not require professional medical treatment
•May cause some bleeding, but will often stop on their own
•May require medical attention if deep (applying pressure does not easily

press edges together) or covering a large area

•Puncture wounds

•Usually bleed a small amount and close up right away but can cause

infections

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•For minor injuries:

•Apply pressure with a sterile

bandage.

•Flush the wound with clean water.

•Apply antibiotic cream or ointment.

•Apply a bandage and change it

daily.

•If medical attention is needed:

•Apply pressure to stop bleeding.

•Cleanse wound with water.

•Remove debris and cover with a

bandage.

•Elevate wound until you receive

medical attention.

Use Your Skills
Cuts, Scratches, and Puncture Wounds

Open Ended

1. How do you know if a cut is deep enough to require medical attention?

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Animal Bites

Animal bites

• Domestic or wild

animals like
raccoons

• Always require a

doctor’s attention
because of the risk
of infection

Snake bites

• Nonpoisonous–

often look like
scratches

• Poisonous – look

like puncture
wounds and
become very
painful

Insect bites

• From mild reactions

like itching or
swelling to
extremely severe
allergic reactions
called
anaphylaxis

Open Ended

6. Choose one animal or insect that is common in your area. Research the potential effects of and treatments for a bite or sting by this animal or insect.

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the life-threatening allergic reaction that restricts breathing?

• • shock

• • anaphylaxis

• hypoxia

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Burns

•Common injuries from exposure to any source of heat and energy

•Fire, steam, hot surfaces, chemicals, electrical current, or the sun

•Can seriously damage skin and cause dangerous complications

•Infection, shock, dehydration, pain, and immobility of the affected body

part

•First-, second-, and third-degree

Multiple Select

1. What kind of burn is a medical emergency? (check all that apply)

• First degree

• Second Degree

• Third Degree

Open Ended

What can cause burns?

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Medical Emergencies

•Urgent, life-threatening situation
•Include third-degree burns, anaphylaxis,
severe bleeding, electrical shock, choking,
and situations requiring CPR
•Require an immediate first-aid response

•Calling 911
•Providing emergency first aid until assistance

arrives

McLittle Stocki/Shutterstock.com

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Use Your Skills
Severe Bleeding

•Apply pressure to the wound, using a sterile bandage if possible.

•Position the wound higher than the heart, if possible.

•Keep the injured person calm. Cover the wound and keep applying
pressure until medical professionals arrive.

•Treat the injured person for shock. Cover the person with a blanket, lay
the person down, elevate the legs, keep the person still, and turn the
head to the side to prevent choking.

Open Ended

6. Why does positioning a wound higher than the heart reduce blood flow to the area?

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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

•Emergency procedure that uses chest

compressions and sometimes rescue
breathing

•Main technique used to restore

breathing and heartbeat

•Full CPR or Hands-Only™ CPR

(recommended for untrained rescuers)

Platoo Fotography/Shutterstock.com

Open Ended

What technique for CPR should only be provided after full training?

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Use Your Skills
Hands-Only™ CPR

•Call or have someone else call 911 immediately.
•Position your hands over the center of the person’s chest and push
hard and fast using your own body weight.
•Push down at a rate of 100 compressions per minute and compress
the chest at least 2 inches. Allow the chest to rise completely before
each compression.
•Do not slow down or stop until emergency services arrive, you
become too tired to continue, or an AED is ready for use.

Multiple Choice

1. Which type of CPR is recommended for rescuers without full training?

• Hands Only CPR

• AED

• Mouth-To-Mouth

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Use Your Skills
Treating Electrical Shock

•Call 911 immediately. Have someone else call 911 if you cannot.

•Do not touch the person if in contact with electricity. Turn off the

electricity source. Move electrical wires with wood, plastic, or
cardboard.

•Check breathing and pulse. Begin CPR, if necessary.

•Treat the person for shock and apply bandages to burns.

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Cold- and Hot-Weather Emergencies

•Frostbite

•Frostnip
•Superficial frostbite
•Deep (severe) frostbite

•Hypothermia
•Heat cramps
•Heat exhaustion
•Heat stroke

Werayuth Tes/Shutterstock.com

Open Ended

6. Choose one hot- or cold-weather emergency. Explain how the condition develops and how it is treated.

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Choking

•Food or another object blocks the airway

•Signs

•grabbing throat with both hands

•inability to breathe normally, talk, make

noise, or cough
•blue skin, lips, and nails

•Treated with the five-and-five method

pixelaway/Shutterstock.com

Open Ended

How does the five-and-five method adjust for aid to infants?