1-Chemistry Basics Lesson

Chemistry Basics Lesson

​Remember this is just the basics - if you can do this without notes you are probably at a D/C level.

Basic Terms Review

• Atoms: make up EVERYTHING (living/biotic & non-living/abiotic) - shown as circles

• Element: one type of atom (same elements are shown as same color)

• Compound: when different elements get married/bonded

• Mixture: when different chemicals "hang out" but are NOT bonded together

Molecules are when there are any type of bond
- Same elements like O₂
-Different elements like H₂O

​

Molecules = Marriage/Bond

Match

Match the following

Atom of Element

Molecule

Compound

Mixture

• Atom of Element

• Molecule

• Compound

• Mixture

Match

Match the following

• There are 118 of these on Earth that make up everything

• When different elements bond together

• When any two atoms (or more) bond together

• when different chemicals are just hanging out together but not bonded

Element

Compound

Molecule

Mixture

• Element

• Compound

• Molecule

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

What is the picture displayed?

• atom

• 1 element & molecule

• compound & molecule

• mixture

Multiple Select

This picture represents which of the following?

• Element

• Molecule

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of Compounds?

• Salt (NaCl)

• Salt Water

• N₂ + O₂

• C₆H₁₂O₆

• Co

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of a Pure Substance (vs mixture)?

• Water H₂O

• He

  Helium

• Orange Juice

• Uranium Ur

• Sugar C₆H₁₂O₆

Phases of Matter

• Remember atoms are always in motion

• Phase/State of Matter depends on the amount of motion and position of the atoms

• Solid: definite shape/volume; least energy

• Liquid: indefinite shape but definite volume

• Gas: indefinite shape/volume

• Plasma: like gas but outer parts ripped off

Match

Match the image to the phase/state of matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

When temperature is decreased, these molecules will become:

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• plasma

Multiple Choice

Which diagram best shows why you can walk through water but it takes more effort than walking through air?

• Diagram A

• Diagram B

• Diagram C

Reorder

Reorder the following from least tightly connected atoms to the most tightly connected atoms.

• Plasma

• Gas

• Liquid

• Solid

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Reorder

Reorder the following from HIGHEST to LOWEST energy.

• Plasma

• Gas

• Liquid

• Solid

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

As the temperature outside decreases, what will happen to your tire pressure? Why?

• Drops due to decreased motion of the atoms

• Drops due to increase motion of the atoms

• Rises due to increased motion of the atoms

• Rises due to decreased motion of the atoms

Phases Changes

• Heat Energy Added

  • Melting: Solid to Liquid

  • Vaporization: Liquid to Gas

  • Sublimation: Solid to Gas (dry ice)

• Heat Energy Removed

  • Condensation: gas to liquid

  • Freezing: liquid to solid

  • Deposition: gas to solid (frost)

• Remember during a phase change the temperature is the same!

Multiple Choice

You have dropped your popsicle and are watching it become a LIQUID. Which answer BEST explains what PHASE CHANGE has occurred AND how the molecule MOVEMENT has changed?

• The PHASE CHANGE that has occurred is CONDENSATION and the molecule MOVEMENT has become FASTER.

• The PHASE CHANGE that has occurred is EVAPORATION and the molecule MOVEMENT has become SLOWER.

• The PHASE CHANGE that has occurred is MELTNG and the molecule MOVEMENT has become FASTER.

Multiple Choice

Suppose you pour a glass of ice water and set it on the kitchen table. After a few minutes, the outside of the glass will be covered with drops of water. Why did this happen?

• Oxygen in the air cooled and condensed onto the cold glass.

• Water vapor in the air cooled and condensed onto the cold glass.

• Water vapor in the air cooled and evaporated onto the cold glass.

• Water seeped through pores in the glass.

• Get it?!!!

Match

Match the parts of the graph with the correct label.

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Temperature

• Time

C

D

E

A

B

• C

• D

• E

• A

• B

Match

Match the part of the graph with the correct phase change.

• Melting

• Vaporization

• Condensation

• Freezing

• Sublimation

C to D

D to E

E to D

D to C

Not Shown

• C to D

• D to E

• E to D

• D to C

• Not Shown

Atomic GUTS

• Center of the Atom - Nucleus (Heavy Weights in Center)

  • Proton

    • Positive charge, heavier

    • # tells you what element it is

    • Atomic # = # of Protons

  • Neutrons

    • Neutral/no charge, heavier

    • Atomic Mass - Atomic #

    • Keeps nucleus "chill"

• Outside of the Atom

  • Electrons

    • Negative charge, very light

    • Determines who the atom reacts with

Match

Match the following

• Positive charge

• Negative Charge

• No Charge

• Number of Protons + Neutrons

• Number of Protons

Proton

Electron

Neutrons

Atomic Mass

Atomic Number

• Proton

• Electron

• Neutrons

• Atomic Mass

• Atomic Number

Match

Match the following

• Amount determines the type of element it is

• Decides which atoms it wants to react with

• Helps keep the nucleus "chill" aka nonchalant

Proton

Electron

Neutrons

• Proton

• Electron

• Neutrons

Labelling

Label the diagram

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Electron

Proton

Neutron

Match

Match the following

• 5
• 11
• B

• Boron

• 6

Number of Protons

Number of Protons & Neutrons

Element Symbol

Element Name

Number of Neutrons

• Number of Protons

• Number of Protons & Neutrons

• Element Symbol

• Element Name

• Number of Neutrons

Match

Match the following

• 9

• 19

• F

• Fluorine

• 10

Number of Protons

Number of Protons & Neutrons

Element Symbol

Element Name

Number of Neutrons

• Number of Protons

• Number of Protons & Neutrons

• Element Symbol

• Element Name

• Number of Neutrons

Multiple Choice

How many electrons does sulfur have

• 16

• 32

• 48

• 12

• Physical Change

  • Nothing new is made

  • Phase changes are physical changes as still the same stuff

• Chemical Change

  • Make something new (elements get remarried or become single if in a compound)

  • Hints Of Chemical Reaction

    • Odor

    • Color change

    • Temperature

    • Gas Made

    • Precipitate (NEW solid stuff made - spoiled milk)

Multiple Select

Mark ALL the Physical Changes

• Changing the shape

• Phase Changes

Multiple Choice

Evidence of a chemical reactions is anything that shows - 

• a new substance has formed
• a solid dissolved in a liquid
• interaction between 2 gases
• a change in the state of matter

Multiple Choice

Four students performed four different investigations by combining different substances. Which of the observations is most indicative of a chemical reaction?

• investigation 1
• investigation 2
• investigation 3
• investigation 4
• Investigation C N

Multiple Choice

The reactants in the image above are:

• CH₄ and 2O₂

• 2 H₂O and CO₂

• All of these are reactants

• All of these are products

• This is a physical change so there are no reactants or products

Multiple Choice

How many oxygen atoms are in the PRODUCTS for the chemical reaction below?
$$4Fe\ +\ 3O_{2\ }\rightarrow\ 2Fe_2O_3$$  

• 2

• 3

• 5

• 6

• 12

Multiple Choice

A 55-gram egg is placed in a pot. After the egg is boiled, which is most likely the mass of the egg?

• 50 
• 55 

Multiple Choice

How many Hydrogen atoms are in 4H₂O?

• 6

• 8

• 2

• 4

Multiple Select

Compare the reactants and products in the diagram.  What do you notice?  Check all that apply.

• The reactant molecules are different from the product molecules.

• The reactant atoms are different from the product atoms

• The total number of reactant molecules is different from the total number of product molecules. 

• The atoms become associated together in new arrangements.

Multiple Choice

An explosion occurs ...

• Chemical Change
• Physical Change

Multiple Choice

Choose the best description below for the image

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Choose the best description below for the image

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Choose the best description below for the image

• physical change

• chemical change

Poll

Which topics do you think you will are ready to be tested on?

• Atom, Element, Compound, Mixture

• Phases of Matter

• Phase Changes & Phase Change Diagrams

• Atomic Structure

• Physical vs. Chemical Change (&signs)