review 12/18

​Meiosis

Meiosis

Creates 4 non-identical
haploid cells used for
sexual reproduction

What is Meiosis? … in simple terms

Sexual Reproduction and Genetics

▪A special type of cell division that results in
cells having half the number of
chromosomes - HAPLOID
▪Results in cells used only in sexually
reproducing organisms - GAMETES

Multiple Choice

Cells used only in sexual reproduction are called

• grains

• diploid

• snurffles

• gametes

Regents Biology

Meiosis: Sex Cells

▪ 46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes

◆ half the number of chromosomes

23

46

egg cells

sperm cells

46

meiosis

haploid

diploid

23

23
23

23 23 23 23

Multiple Choice

This image is called a ____________

• triangle

• punnett square

• square

• rectangle

Multiple Choice

Type of allele that may mask the effect of others, represented by capital letters

• dominant

• recessive

Multiple Choice

What allele combination should go in the missing box?

• AA
• Aa
• aa
• none of these

Multiple Choice

What are the chances that the offspring will have homozygous recessive traits?

• 1 in 4

• 3 out of 4

• 75%

• 50%

Multiple Choice

This image shows chromosomes during Prophase 1. Which of the following correctly describes the process shown?

• segregation of sister chromatids
• condensation and segregation of alleles
• mutationin which the DNA content of the gene is altered
• crossing - over in which alleles are exchanged

Multiple Choice

When does the independent assortment of chromosomes occur?

• Telophase II

• Metaphase I

• Metaphase II

• Prophase I

Multiple Choice

How does active transport differ from passive transport?

• Uses energy

• Does NOT use energy

There are two substances get into cells:

• Passive Transport; does NOT require energy

• Active Transport: DOES require energy

Examples of Active Transport Include:

• Calcium Pump

• Sodium-Potassium Pump

• Secondary Active Transport

• Endocytosis; Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis

• Exocytosis

The Sodium-Potassium Pump:

• Moves Na+ out

• Moves K + in

• Called an anti-porter

• Uses ATP

• How your nervous system works

Fill in the Blanks

Endocytosis:

• Cell shifts the cell membrane in order to bring substances INTO the cell

• Pinocytosis-cell drinking

• Phagocytosis-cell-eating

• Uses a lot of energy and is NOT always safe

Fill in the Blanks

Learning Goals

• What is a virus?

• How do viruses infect living organisms?

• What happens after a virus infects a cell?

• Why are viruses considered nonliving things?

Multiple Choice

All viruses will have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

• True

• False

​From DNA to Protein

​Genes: are sections of DNA that code for a Protein

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Proteins perform lots of jobs with in the cell including determining our traits

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Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

Which is Not a function of proteins?

• Help protect the body

• Contain the recipe to make proteins

• They are key to cell structure and function

• Catalyze chemical reactions

​Translation: the Second step in Protein Synthesis

​The Process of Translation:

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1) The mRNA goes to the ribosome in the cytoplasm ​

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2) The Ribosome reads the mRNA one codon* at a time

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​Codon* Three nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

​Translation: the Second step in Protein Synthesis

​The Process of Translation:

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3) The ribosome matches the codon on mRNA to the anti-codon on tRNA*

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​4) The ribosome binds the amino acids in order into a protein chain

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​tRNA* : has an anticodon and the specific amino acid for that anticodon

Multiple Choice

Where does Translation occur?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• ER

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

What is the end product of translation?

• mRNA that can leave the nucleus

• Amino acid chain

• monosaccharide chain

• Anticodon

These alternate to form the ladder-like backbone of DNA​

What does the sugar and phosphate group do?

Multiple Select

What molecules are in nucleotides?

• Phosphate group

• Protein

• Sugar

• lipid

• Nitrogenous base

Each nucleotide contains a Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base.

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

What is a nucleotide?

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the sugar found in DNA?

• adenine

• ribose

• deoxyribose

• glucose

Multiple Select

What makes up a nucleotide? There is more than one answer.

• sugar

• RNA base

• nitrogen base

• phosphate group