Unit 4: Molecular Genetics Review

Unit 4: Molecular Genetics Study Guide and Practice

Question 1: Sketch a flow chart below that illustrates your understanding of the Central Dogma of
Molecular Biology

​Remember that Transcription occurs in the nucleus, while Translation occurs at a ribosome.

Question 2: Compare and contrast the purpose of DNA replication and the purpose of protein synthesis:

Question 3: How do the differences between the structures of DNA and RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) support their different functions?

Question 5: Describe the general steps involved in replicating the gene sequence above. Include in your descriptions the following terms: double helix, helicase, template strand, daughter strands, base pairs, complementary, and semiconservative.

Question 6: In your own words, what is the “genetic code”? Using the image to the right - describe what is meant by “redundancy in the genetic code”.

Question 8: Describe the general steps involved in transcribing the gene sequence above:

Question 9: Describe the general steps involved in translating the gene sequence above:

Question 10: Identify what each of the lettered components are in the image below. 

Question 11: What is a mutation?

Question 12: Describe two environmental agents that can cause damage to DNA and lead to mutations.

Question 13: Complete the chart below to compare substitution mutations, insertion mutations, and deletion mutations.

Question 13: Complete the chart below to compare substitution mutations, insertion mutations, and deletion mutations.

Drag and Drop

DNA replication occurs during ​

Placeholder

.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

interphase

metaphase

telophase

anaphase

prophase

Multiple Choice

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG

• ATG TGA CAG
• TAC ACT GTC
• GTA AGT GAC
• CAT TCA CTG

Multiple Choice

In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of

• cytosine
• guanine
• thymine
• uracil

Multiple Choice

Why is DNA important?

• it is very small and very complicated
• it's in everything
• it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
• because we eat it every day for energy

Multiple Choice

Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?

• polar bonds
• ionic bonds
• covalent bonds
• hydrogen bonds

Multiple Choice

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

• each one with two original strands
• each one with two new strands
• each one with one new strand and one original strand
• one with two new strands and the other with two original strands

Multiple Choice

Why is it crucial that living things are able to replicate their DNA?

• Each cell must have its own DNA
• Less copies of DNA are needed when a new cell is created
• A cell needs multiple copies of DNA
• Only muscle cells need DNA 

Multiple Choice

What is the role of mRNA

• Carry an amino acid to the ribosome

• Copy the instructions from DNA and carry it out of the nucleus

• Make up the ribosomes

Multiple Choice

Where does Transcription occur

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• ER

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

What is the mRNA for the following DNA strand?

TAC GTA

• GCT AGC

• ATG CAT

• AUG CAU

Multiple Choice

Where does Translation occur?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• ER

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

What is the end product of translation?

• mRNA that can leave the nucleus

• Amino acid chain

• monosaccharide chain

• Anticodon

Multiple Choice

What is an anticodon?

• rRNA

• an amino acid

• Three nucleotide sequence found on mRNA

• Three nucleotide sequence found on tRNA

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are differences in the structure between RNA and DNA

• DNA uses deoxyribose sugar, RNA uses sugar ribose

• DNA pairs Adenine with Uracil, RNA pairs Adenine with Thymine

• DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single helix

• DNA pairs Adenine with Thymine, RNA pairs Adenine with Uracil

Multiple Choice

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.

• tRNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• dRNA

Multiple Choice

When these bond together, they form a protein

• Amino Acids

• Peptide Bonds

• Ribose

• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

These building blocks consist of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.

• Ribose

• Nucleotide

• Gene

• Protein

Multiple Choice

A string of nucleotides that contain the information to make a specific protein

• Ribose

• Amino Acids

• tRNA

• Gene

Multiple Choice

During translation, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for delivering amino acids to help make a protein.

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• dRNA

Multiple Choice

mRNA occurs during this process

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Delivery

Multiple Choice

How many amino acids are found on one tRNA?

• 20

• 4

• 1

• 3

Multiple Choice

What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?

• Anticodon
• Codon
• Protein

Multiple Choice

What is the mRNA strand that would result from the DNA template strand CCTA?

• GGAT
• CCAT
• GGAU
• CCAU

Multiple Choice

The principle shown in the image is called what?

• Transcription
• The Central Dogma
• Translation
• The Principle of Proteins

Multiple Choice

A point mutation is usually what type of mutation

• Frameshift

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Substitution

Multiple Select

A frameshift mutation is which of the following?

• Point mutation

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Subtitution

Multiple Choice

Which mutation would be more harmful for an organism?

• Point mutation (substitution)

• Frameshift (insertion/Deletion)

Multiple Choice

Why would a frameshift be more harmful?

• It changes all the code downstream

• Only one nucleotide is changing

• All mutations are harmful

• It can't correct iself

Multiple Choice

What are considered "positive" mutations?

• mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and harms the organism

• mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and benefits the organism

• mutations in the DNA sequence that produces the same protein

• all mutations are considered bad and harm the organisms

Multiple Choice

What are considered neutral mutations?

• mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and harms the organism

• mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and benefits the organism

• mutations in the DNA sequence that produces the same protein

• all mutations are considered bad and harm the organisms

Match

Match the following

• Mutation

• Point mutation

• Frameshift mutation

• Silent mutation

• Chromosomal mutation

a change in the DNA sequence

a type of mutation where one to few bases are substituted with different bases

a type of mutation caused by adding or deleting bases, affecting all the codons after the change

a type of mutation that doesn't result in a change in the amino acid sequence (same protein)

a type of mutation where large sections of the chromosome are affected

• a change in the DNA sequence

• a type of mutation where one to few bases are substituted with different bases

• a type of mutation caused by adding or deleting bases, affecting all the codons after the change

• a type of mutation that doesn't result in a change in the amino acid sequence (same protein)

• a type of mutation where large sections of the chromosome are affected