Unit 1 Lesson 2

Conjunctions

Multiple Choice

Which coordinating conjunction best completes the sentence?

The cake looked delicious, ___ few people ate it.

• so

• yet

• and

Multiple Choice

Which coordinating conjunction best completes the sentence?

Julian went to the movies, ___ his sister stayed home.

• or

• for

• but

Multiple Choice

Which coordinating conjunction best completes the sentence?

Marcos heard knocking, ___ he went to the door.

• not

• but

• so

Multiple Choice

Which coordinating conjunction best completes the sentence?

Ralph swept the floors, ___ Julie washed the dishes.

• or

• and

• for

​As we've been studying since the beginning of this year, all sentences have a Subject and a Predicate.( IT FORMS A COMPLETE THOUGHT)

Subject: Noun or Who or What

​Predicate: Verb or The Doing

​EXAMPLE: The students went to the football game Friday night.

​Independent Clause

​ Dependent Clause

​A Dependent Clause is a group of words that has a Subject and Predicate but does not form a complete thought. It leaves you wanting more. It is also known as a Sentence Fragment.

​

​EXAMPLE: The students went.

​Subordinating Conjunctions in a Sentence

​Subordinating Conjunctions join dependent and independent clauses to create complex sentences. They link an independent clause with a dependent clause.

​

​Subordinating Conjunctions are always used with Dependent Clauses

• ​ A Subordination Conjunction can be used at the beginning of a Dependent Clause.

• ​A Subordinating Conjunction can also be used in the middle of the sentence.

​There are more Subordinating Conjunctions.

​ EXAMPLES

1. After the dance last night, my feet were hurting.

   NOTE: The subordinating conjunction used is "after". #1 The Dependent Clause at the beginning needs a comma afterwards.

​

​2. My feet were hurting after the dance last night.

​ NOTE: #2 The subordinating conjunction used is "after". The Dependent Clause is used at the end . Therefore, no comma is needed.

​

Multiple Choice

Identify the Subordinating Conjunction in this sentence.

Although I went to bed very late last night, I was able to run 5 miles today.

• Although

• bed

• able

• today

Multiple Choice

Identify the Independent Clause in the following sentence.

Because I didn't go to sleep early, I couldn't run 5 miles today.

• Because I didn't go to sleep early,

• I couldn't run 5 miles today.

Multiple Choice

Identify the Dependent Clause in the following sentence.

While Timmy was doing his homework, he was watching a scary movie.

• While Timmy was doing his homework,

• he was watching a scary movie.

Multiple Choice

Identify the Subordinating Conjunction in the following sentence.

Marcus knows he will pass the test since he studied late last night.

• since

• Marcus

• test

• studied

Multiple Choice

Identify the Independent Clause in the following sentence.

Marcus knows he will pass the test since he studied late last night.

• Marcus knows he will pass the test

• since he studied late last night

Multiple Choice

Identify the Dependent Clause in the following sentence.

Marcus knows he will pass the test since he studied late last night.

• Marcus knows he will pass the test

• since he studied late last night.

Multiple Choice

Is the comma in the following sentence inserted correctly?

Because my daughter loves to bake, she made homemade chocolate chip cookies.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is a comma necessary in the following sentence?

My daughter made homemade chocolate chip cookies , because she likes to bake.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an interjection?

• Refrigerator!

• Yikes!

• Yellow!

• Sleep!

Multiple Choice

What is the interjection in the sentence?
Hmm, I'm not sure this is correct.

• I'm
• sure
• Hmm

Multiple Choice

Which interjection best completes the sentence?
____! I stumped my toe.

• Ouch
• Hooray
• Hi

Multiple Choice

Find the interjection in the following sentence.

Phew, this dictionary is heavy.

• Phew

• this

• dictionary

• heavy

Multiple Choice

"____ , Mary! Come here! I want to talk to you.

• Oops

• Mmm

• Yay

• Hey

Multiple Choice

Which word in the following sentence is an interjection?

Oh shoot, I forgot about the math test!

• forgot

• test

• oh shoot

• about the

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

The dog laid underneath the table.

• laid

• underneath

• dog

• table

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

My cell phone is always beside me when I'm sleeping.

• when

• always

• sleeping

• beside

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

A copy of the book is on the bookshelf.

• is

• copy

• on

• bookshelf

Multiple Select

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

We will be at the game in time.

• at

• be

• will

• in

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

The meeting will begin at 7:00.

• at

• the

• will

• begin

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

They were driving within city limits when they were pulled over.

• driving

• within

• limits

• pulled

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

The lions walked through the trees.

• through

• trees

• walked

• lions

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

I can't believe we decided to hike up the mountain.

• can't

• to

• hike

• up

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

You have to wait for the green light.

• you

• to

• for

• lught

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

Chick Fil A is by McDonald's.

• is

• by

• McDonald's

• Chick Fil A

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

The wind blew the cap off his head.

• blew

• cap

• wind

• off

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

First, we walked around the park, then we sat on a bench.

• walked, sat

• around, on

• around, first

• on, then

Prepositional phrases

• The tall building with the red roof is our new library.

• Next to it is the old library.

• We drove around the parking lot.

• Vince went inside the house.

• The playful puppy ran in front of me.

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of a prepositional phrase?

• I am tired

• Thursday afternoon

• over the rainbow

Multiple Choice

Which sentence contains a prepositional phrase?

• The cat meowed loudly.

• The cat sat on the mat.

• The cat plays ball.

Multiple Choice

Identify the prepositional phrase.

The birds flew over the deer.

• Over

• flew over the deer

• The birds flew

• over the deer

Multiple Choice

Identify the prepositional phrase.

After the game, the players shook hands

• shook hands

• After the game

• the players shook hands

• the game

Multiple Choice

Identify the prepositional phrase.

The candy was for the kids.

• for the kids

• The candy was

• was for

• the kids

Multiple Select

Select which part of the sentence is a prepositional phrase. Select all that apply:

Hillary got into the boat for the short trip to Haiti.

• Hillary got

• into the boat

• for the short trip

• to Haiti

Multiple Select

Select which part of the sentence is a prepositional phrase. Select all that apply:

We found Teddy in a broken elevator at a rundown hotel in Thailand.

• We found Teddy

• in a broken elevator

• at a rundown hotel

• in Thailand

Multiple Select

Select which part of the sentence is a prepositional phrase. Select all that apply:

Within seconds of hearing about the trip to Antarctica, Charlotte packed shorts and sunglasses.

• Within seconds

• of hearing

• about the trip to Antarctica

• Charlotte packed

• shorts and sunglasses

Multiple Select

Select which part of the sentence is a prepositional phrase. Select all that apply:

Kevin snuck out the door during the school assembly.

• Kevin snuck

• out the door

• during the school assembly

Multiple Select

Select which part of the sentence is a prepositional phrase. Select all that apply:

The eleven robbers broke into the casino vault with their perfectly executed plan.

• The eleven robbers broke

• into the casino vault

• with their perfectly executed plan.

Multiple Select

Select which part of the sentence is a prepositional phrase. Select all that apply:

I drove by my house to check if the package from Amazon had arrived.

• I drove

• by my house

• to check if the package

• from Amazon

• had arrived.

​What are Correlative Conjunctions?

• Conjunctions that work in pairs ​

• You use ​both words in different parts of the sentence

​Common Pairs

• Either/or

  • ​We are either going to McDonald's or Pizza Hut for dinner tonight.

• Neither/nor

  • ​Neither Beth nor her sister are very tall.

• ​Both/and

  • I am going to both Arkansas and Texas this summer.

• Not only/but also

  • When Ms. Hucke won the talent show, she received not only a trop​hy, but also $50.

Multiple Choice

I have both respect __________ admiration for them.

• or

• nor

• but also

• and

Multiple Choice

He is __________ mad nor upset.

• but also

• neither

• either

• and

Multiple Choice

It will either rain today __________ tomorrow.

• or

• nor

• but also

• and

Multiple Choice

We not only dressed up for the holiday __________ decorated the school.

• or

• nor

• but also

• and

can might should

could must will
may shall would

​Main modal auxiliaries

used with other verbs to create "shades" of meaning to a sentence.

​what are they?

Modal auxiliaries

​I might pass this test if I study for it.

​​M i g h t

​I may pass this test if I study for it.

​​M a y

​I could pass this test if I study for it.

​​C o u l d

​I should pass this test if I study for it.

​​S h o u l d

​Probability

shows that something is possible, but is not a guarantee

​He can speak eight languages.

c a n​​

He could play the piano when he was three years old.

​​C o u l d

​ability

​shows that someone is or was able to do something

​Would you help me paint my house?

​​w o u l d

​Can you help me paint my house?

​​c a n

Could you help me paint my house?

​​C o u l d

​Will you help me paint my house?

​​w i l l

​requests

​shows asking for a favor

​Can I help you with that?

I can drive you to work if you need a ride.

c a n​​

I could drive you to work if you need a ride.

​​C o u l d

​offers/invitations

​shows willingness to help

​Can we take a break?

Yes, you can take a break.

​​c a n

​May we take a break?

Yes, you may take a break.

​​M a y

​Could we take a break?

Yes, you could take a break.

​​C o u l d

​Permission

​asking to be able to do something or telling someone they can do something

​You should apply for that job.

We should have dinner after work.

s h o u l d​​

We could have dinner after work.

​​C o u l d

​suggestions

​offering advice

​All workers must wear boots.

m u s t​​

Employees cannot use phones while working.

​​C a n n o t

​obligations

​showing you have to do something or you are not allowed to do it at all

Multiple Choice

Which word could go in the blank to show permission?

___________ I go outside?

• Might

• May

• Would

• Should

Multiple Choice

Which word could go in the blank to show a suggestion?

You ___________ go outside.

• Might

• May

• Would

• Should

Multiple Choice

Which word could go in the blank to show an ability?

I __________ fit in my locker when I was 5.

• Might

• Could

• Will

• Should

Multiple Choice

Which word could go in the blank to show an obligation?

I ________ turn this in by 5 pm or my boss will fire me.

• Might

• Must

• Will

• Should

Multiple Choice

Which word could go in the blank to show a probability?

If a dog growls, it __________ bite you.

• May

• Can

• Must

• Should

Multiple Select

Which three modal verbs show permission?

• Can

• Should

• May

• Could

Multiple Select

Which two modal verbs show ability?

• Can

• Should

• May

• Could

• Might

Multiple Select

Which four modal verbs show a probability?

• Can

• Could

• May

• Should

• Might

Identify and Correctly Use Past Participles

Helping Verbs and Past Participles

The past tense of a regular verb is formed by adding -ed to its present form.

It is called the past participle when used with a helping verb:

-has
-have
-had
-were
-was

Examples

• The actor has learned his lines.

  • helping verb: has

  • past participle: learned

• They have performed many plays.

  • helping verb: have

  • past participle: performed

• The director had created new special effects.

  • helping verb: had

  • past participle: created

Multiple Choice

Identify the helping verb in the sentence: Thomas has talked to several directors.

• Thomas

• has

• talked

• directors

Multiple Choice

Identify the past participle in the sentence: Thomas has talked to several directors.

• Thomas

• has

• talked

• directors

Multiple Choice

Identify the helping verb in the sentence: I have worked on a movie.

• movie

• worked

• on

• have

Multiple Choice

Identify the past participle in the sentence: I have worked on a movie.

• movie

• worked

• on

• have

Multiple Choice

Identify the helping verb in the sentence: The people in the audience have applauded.

• people

• audience

• have

• applauded

Multiple Choice

Identify the past participle in the sentence: The people in the audience have applauded.

• people

• audience

• have

• applauded

Multiple Choice

Identify the helping verb in the sentence: The filmmaker has completed the movie.

• has

• movie

• completed

• the

Multiple Choice

Identify the past participle in the sentence: The filmmaker has completed the movie.

• has

• movie

• completed

• the

Multiple Choice

Identify the helping verb in the sentence: The reviewers have watched the movie several times.

• reviewers

• have

• watched

• several

Multiple Choice

Identify the past participle in the sentence: The reviewers have watched the movie several times.

• reviewers

• have

• watched

• several

Irregular Verbs

• For most verbs, the past participle is just that verb with -ed, same as the simple past verbs (call -> called)

• But some verbs need to be altered completely to become a past participle (write -> written, tear-> torn, take -> taken)

Irregular Verbs:

Regular Verbs, regular past tense: just add -ed

⋅decided

⋅finished

Irregular Verbs have special spellings:

⋅grown

⋅chosen

⋅gone

Multiple Choice

I have ____ a teacher for 15 years.

• be

• beed

• been

• beened

Multiple Choice

We have ____ each other for 4 months.

• knew

• know

• knowed

• known

Multiple Choice

She has ____ to me many times.

• spoken

• speak

• speaked

• spoked

Multiple Choice

Mr. Smith has ____ this class before.

• teach

• teached

• taught

• taughted

Multiple Choice

She ___ ______ to pursue a degree in engineering.

• had chosen

• has choose

• had choosed

• had choose

Multiple Choice

The tree ___ ______ 3 feet in one year.

• had grow

• has grewed

• has grown

• were grew

Multiple Select

Select all of the verbs.

• play

• purple

• cold

• shake

• table

Multiple Select

Select all of the verbs.

• bed

• slept

• pillow

• dreaming

• snore

Multiple Select

Select all of the verbs.

• kitchen

• cooked

• baking

• plate

• mix

Multiple Choice

He believes that the team will win the championship game.

• past tense

• present tense

• future tense

Multiple Choice

The guide dog will help her to know if there is danger around.

• past tense

• present tense

• future tense

Multiple Choice

My teacher last year taught me how to multiply!

• past tense

• present tense

• future tense

Multiple Choice

Henry will ride the bus three days a week next year.

• past tense

• present tense

• future tense

Multiple Choice

She painted her room purple because that's her favorite color.

• past tense

• present tense

• future tense

Past Simple Verb Tense

• Expresses an action that has already taken place

• Kit opened the door.

• I ate my lunch.

Present Simple Verb Tense

• Expresses an action that is happening now

• Kit opens the door.

• I eat my lunch.

Future Simple Verb Tense

• Expresses an action that is going to happen in the future

• Kit will open the door.

• I will eat my lunch.

Multiple Choice

Which simple tense is the verb in the following sentence written in?

Ms. Wiedmar drinks her coffee.

• past simple

• present simple

• future simple

Multiple Choice

Which simple tense is the verb in the following sentence written in?

It will snow overnight tonight.

• past simple

• present simple

• future simple

Multiple Choice

Which simple tense is the verb in the following sentence written in?

I fell on the ground.

• past simple

• present simple

• future simple

Past Progressive Tense

• Tells about an action that took place in the past, over a period of time

• Jake was singing at the concert last night.

• They were playing in the snow yesterday.

Present Progressive Tense

• Tells about an ongoing action

• Jake is singing at the concert.

• They are playing in the snow.

Future Progressive Tense

• Tells about an ongoing action that will take place at a later time.

• Jake will be singing at the concert tomorrow.

• We will be playing in the snow this week.

Multiple Choice

Which progressive tense is the following sentence written in?

The weatherman was telling us about the snow chances.

• Past progressive

• Present progressive

• Future Progressive

Multiple Choice

Which progressive tense is the following sentence written in?

I am creating our work for the day.

• Past progressive

• Present progressive

• Future Progressive

Multiple Choice

Which progressive tense is the following sentence written in?

The snow will be falling later this evening.

• Past progressive

• Present progressive

• Future Progressive

Past Perfect Tense

• Completed past action that happened before another action

• Paul had eaten at the restaurant before

• They had gone to the movies before the grocery.

Present Perfect Tense

• Past action that continues through the present

• Paul has eaten at the restaurant.

• They have been to the beach.

Future Perfect Tense

• Expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future.

• Paul will have eaten at the restaurant by then.

• We will have been to the beach before next summer.

Multiple Choice

Which perfect tense is the following sentence written in?

I will have eaten lunch by the time you arrive.

• past perfect

• present perfect

• future perfect

Multiple Choice

Which perfect tense is the following sentence written in?

They have done their homework.

• past perfect

• present perfect

• future perfect

Multiple Choice

Which perfect tense is the following sentence written in?

The baby had been fed before his nap.

• past perfect

• present perfect

• future perfect

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