Friday Review Session 2 in LSS 1123

LSS 1123 Basic Research Methods

Friday Review Session 2
(Preparation for Mid-semester Exam)

Overview​

1. Primary Research Definition
2. Data Collection Methods

3. Types of Data

4. Relevant Concepts

Poll

How much do you know about Primary Research?

• Everything

• Average

• Not much

• I don't know anything

Word Cloud

Write 1-2 words that describe Primary Research.

Secondary Research

Primary Research


VS

Secondary research is carried out by collecting information from published sources online, databases, and academic sites (Smith, 2019).

Primary research is the collection and analysis of original data directly from sources, using different methods such as surveys, experiments, observations, and interviews (Smith, 2019).

​Why do Primary Research?

1. It helps answer our research questions and hypotheses as well as derive conclusions.

2. It allows researchers to generate firsthand data and insights and contribute novel knowledge to their respective fields.
   
   

Data Collection Methods

1. Survey
2. Interview
3. Observation
4. Experiment

​

​ Primary Research
Data Collection Methods

Match

Match each METHOD with its DESCRIPTION.

• Survey

• Observation

• Interview

• Experiment

Used to gather data from large sample

Used to gather data by watching people

Used to gather direct information from individuals

Used to test hypotheses and cause-and-effect relationships

• Used to gather data from large sample

• Used to gather data by watching people

• Used to gather direct information from individuals

• Used to test hypotheses and cause-and-effect relationships

Surveys involve presenting a set of structured questions to a sample of participants, whose responses are then analyzed to draw conclusions.


Surveys can be done online or in person.

​

1. Surveys

1. Closed-ended Questions

• Yes/ No

• Multiple Choice

• Likert Scale

Closed-ended questions have limited choices.

Types of Questions

Open-ended questions allow the respondent to give his perceptions, feelings, and opinions.

2. Open-ended Questions

Match

Match the QUESTION/ STATEMENT with its TYPE.

• Which of the following is the major benefit of using Electric cars?

• Do you own a hybrid car?

• What is your gender?

• EVs are safer than petrol-fueled cars.

• In your opinion, how will the car industry improve UAE economy?

Multiple Choice Question

Yes/No

Demographic

Likert

Open-ended Question

• Multiple Choice Question

• Yes/No

• Demographic

• Likert

• Open-ended Question

An interview involves asking one or more people about their opinions on a specific topic.

This method allows researchers to obtain detailed information that might not be available through other research methods.

​2. Interview

• Structured interviews

  The questions are predetermined in both topic and order.

• Semi-structured interviews

  A few questions are predetermined, but other topics may be added.

• Unstructured interviews

  None of the questions are planned; free-flowing

​

​Types of Interview

Multiple Choice

• The questions are predetermined in both topic and order.

• Which type of interview is this?

• Structured

• Semi-structured

• Unstructured

• General

Multiple Choice

• A few questions are predetermined, but other topics may be added. Which type of interview is it?

• Structured

• Semi-structured

• Unstructured

• General

Multiple Choice

• This is a type of interview where none of the questions are planned; free-flowing.

• Structured

• Semi-structured

• Unstructured

• General

Researchers observe participants' ongoing behavior in a natural situation.

​

​3. Observation

​Overt observation is where those being observed are aware that they are being observed. The researcher may still participate in the activity being observed.

Overt observation

​The participants are unaware that they are being observed.

​​Covert Observation

Match

Match the term with its description.

• The participants are unaware that they are being observed.

• The participants are aware that they are being observed.

• A qualitative research method.

Covert

Overt

Observation

• Covert

• Overt

• Observation

Draw

How do you feel about the session today?

Draw your feelings here.

An experimental approach means planning a set of procedures to investigate a relationship between variables.

​4. Experiment

An Independent variable is manipulated or controlled by the researcher.

A dependent variable is an effect or the result that is measured by the researcher.

​Types of Variables

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE- the amount of water given to the plants

DEPENDENT VARIABLE - the height of the plants as measured at specific intervals.

Example
A scientist wants to study the effect of water on plant growth.

Multiple Choice

You design a study to test whether changes in room temperature have an effect on the Math test scores of the students. What is the independent variable?

• Math scores

• the temperature of the room

• participants

Multiple Choice

You design a study to test whether changes in room temperature have an effect on the Math test scores of the students. What is the dependent variable?

• The room temperature

• The Math test scores

• The size of the room

• The students

​Quantitative- uses numbers and statistics to analyze data

Qualitative- uses description and thematic analysis

Mixed - combination of qualitative and quantitative data

Types of Data

Multiple Choice

What type of data include weight, height, thickness, color, and appearance of a painting?

• Mixed

• Quantitative

• Qualitative

Multiple Choice

The students went to a mobile shop and asked the customers to answer a survey. What type of data did they collect?

• Mixed

• Qualitative

• Quantitative

Multiple Select

Which of the following are Qualitative data? Choose all that apply.

• height

• color

• texture

• shape

Multiple Select

What analysis can be used with Qualitative data? Choose 2.

• numbers

• statistics

• description

• themes

Multiple Choice

How are Quantitative data analyzed?

• numbers and percentage

• themes

• description

• textual