EOC Review 10C 9A 9C 4A 4B

(Start) Smallest

●Atom

●Molecule

●Macromolecule

●Organelle

●Cell

●Tissue

●Organ

●Organ System

●Organism

●

Population

● Community
● Ecosystem
● Biome
● Biosphere

(Finish) Largest

Reorder

Place the following levels of organization in the correct order (1-smallest; 5-largest).

• Organelle

• Cell

• Organism

• Community

• Ecosystem

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Match

Match the following

• Builds muscle

• Makes up the cell membrane.

• Stores genetic information.

• Short term energy

• Proteins

Protein

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

Carbohydrates

Speeds up chemical reactions

• Protein

• Lipid

• Nucleic Acid

• Carbohydrates

• Speeds up chemical reactions

Multiple Select

The function of a carbohydrate is: Select two answers.

• Long-term energy storage

• Short-term energy storage

• Storing genetic information

• Acts as an enzyme

• Component of cell walls (cellulose)

Multiple Choice

5A A table of four types of carbohydrates is shown.

Which list correctly matches the functions to the types of carbohydrates?

• Energy: glycogen and starch

  Structure: cellulose and chitin

• Energy: cellulose and chitin

  Structure: glycogen and starch

• Energy: chitin and glycogen

  Structure: cellulose and starch

• Energy: cellulose and starch

  Structure: chitin and glycogen

Multiple Select

The function of a lipid is: Select two answers.

• Long-term energy storage

• Short- term energy storage

• Storing genetic information

• Component of cell wall in plants

• Provides insulation in animals

Multiple Select

The function of a protein is: Select all that apply.

• Long term energy storage

• Short-term energy storage

• Codes for traits

• Transport molecules across the cell membrane

• Speeds up reactions (enzyme)

Multiple Choice

The function of a nucleic acid is:

• Long-term energy storage

• Short-term energy storage

• Storing genetic information

• Speed up reactions

Multiple Choice

5A Students were given a list of seven elements and asked to identify the four elements that are most abundant in biomolecules. Which table correctly identifies the four most-abundant elements in biomolecules?

Multiple Select

5A An advertisement for a health supplement for dogs claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide energy. Which biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits? Select all that apply

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

• Carbohydrates

Involved in:
●

Cell regulation

●

Muscle contraction

●

Active transport

●

Digestion

●

Metabolic pathways

●

Industrial application
○

(food processing, meat tenderizing, genetic
engineering)

Enzymes are essential to maintaining

homeostasis in living organisms.

Enzymes lower the amount of activation energy needed
for the reaction to occur..

Enzyme Activity Can Be Affected by:

1.Environmental Conditions

•Temperature and pH

2. Activators (increase enzyme activity)

•Cofactors/coenzymes

3.Inhibitors (decrease enzyme activity)

•Competitive Inhibitor-

•Noncompetitive Inhibitor-

4..Concentration of Substrate

•(i.e. protein concentration)

Match

Match the following

• Substrate

• Active Site

• Reactant

• Product

• Enzyme/substrate Complex

molecule that will be acted upon

when the substrate is acted upon

The substrate before the reactions

The substrate after the reaction

The entire set of the enzyme and the substrate

• molecule that will be acted upon

• when the substrate is acted upon

• The substrate before the reactions

• The substrate after the reaction

• The entire set of the enzyme and the substrate

Match

Match the letters from the diagram to the correct term.

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Substrate

Enzyme

(Before)

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Enzyme

(After)

Products

• Substrate

• Enzyme

  (Before)

• Enzyme-Substrate Complex

• Enzyme

  (After)

• Products

Multiple Choice

A model of an enzyme and its corresponding substrate is shown. Which model best represents the molecules at the end of the reaction?

Multiple Choice

9C: Taq polymerase is an enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to replicate fragments of DNA. A study published in 1976 examined the properties of Taq polymerase after the enzyme was isolated from Thermus aquaticus, a thermophilic bacterium that lives in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. The graph shows one of the results of the study. Which statement about enzyme activity is best supported by this graph?

• An enzyme must be composed of multiple polypeptides, or subunits, to be active

• An enzyme's rate of activity increases with time until it becomes inactive

• An enzyme functions best under specific temperature conditions

• An enzyme works equally well in bacteria that are adapted to high temperatures and in eukaryotic cells such as human cells.

Multiple Choice

9C: People who have Alzheimer's disease experience an increasing loss of brain function and cognition over time. Alzheimer's is characterized by a buildup of abnormal protein fragments that damage brain cells. Recently, scientists have discovered an enzyme, BACE2, that decreases these abnormal protein fragments in the brain of a person with Alzhemier's disease. Which statement explains how BACE2 most likely works?

• BACE2 breaks down into smaller pieces that react with the abnormal protein fragments, forming more complex molecules

• BACE2 speeds up the reaction the breaks down the abnormal protein fragments

• BACE2 molecules link several abnormal protein fragments together, forming a complete protein

• BACE2 is a reactant that combines with the abnormal protein fragments

Multiple Choice

9C Fireflies emit light. The production of light by an organism is called bioluminescence. To generate visible light, cells in a firefly’s tail produce thousands of luciferase enzymes. Luciferase binds to a chemical called luciferin. Once bound, the luciferase enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction that combines an oxygen molecule and luciferin to produce oxyluciferin. This reaction requires energy and releases light. Which of the following best describes how the luciferase enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction?

• Luciferase increases the amount of time the light is visible.

• Luciferase decreases the amount of energy required for the reaction to start.

• Luciferase increases the number of sites on luciferin that must bind to oxygen.

• Luciferase decreases the temperature of the environment inside the body of the firefly.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are parts to the cell theory?

• All living things are made of cells

• Cells are the smallest unit of life

• Cells can only come from other cells

• There are many different types of cells

Labelling

Sort the following statements based on if the statement is talking about prokaryotes or eukaryotes

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Unicellular organisms

DNA is found in the nucleus

more complex structure

Ribosomes are found in the cell

DNA is found in the cell

Labelling

Determine where the following organelles can be found (if the organelle can be found in more than one, place in the middle of the two columns).

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

Golgi Body

Cell Wall

Nucleoid

Chloroplast

Match

Match the following

• Produces ATP

• Creates chemical energy from light

• Vesicles filled with enzymes that break down waste products in the cell.

• Provides rigid support for some cells

• Used for protein synthesis

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Lysosomes

Cell Wall

Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Lysosomes

• Cell Wall

• Ribosomes

Match

Match the following

• Helps process proteins and transports them

• Digests material in cell

• Packages material for cell

• Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell.

• Protects the DNA

E.R.

Lysosome

Golgi Bodies

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

• E.R.

• Lysosome

• Golgi Bodies

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

Fill in the Blank

What cellular structure helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the transportation of substances into and out of the cell?

Explanation Slide...

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning that it allows some substances to pass through while blocking others. This helps to maintain the balance of substances inside and outside the cell, thus helping to maintain homeostasis.

CELL MEMBRANE / PLASMA MEMBRANE

1.

SERVES AS THE OUTER BARRIER OF THE CELL.

2.

IS A “FLUID MOSAIC” OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

3.

IS CONSIDERED SEMI-PERMEABLE, OR SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE,
ALLOWING CERTAIN THINGS TO CROSS, BUT NOT ALL THINGS.

4.

IS THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE FOR THE CELL

5.

IS FLEXIBLE, NOT RIGID

Match

Match the following components of membrane to their function

• Main Component

• Serve as channels and pumps

• Serve as cell to cell communication

• Serve to strengthen the membrane

Phospholipid

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Cholesterol

• Phospholipid

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Cholesterol

CELL TRANSPORT

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

-REQUIRES NO ENERGY.

-MOVES SUBSTANCE FROM AREAS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO
LOW CONCENTRATION.

-INCLUDES: DIFFUSION, OSMOSIS, AND FACILITATED DIFFUSION

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

-REQUIRES ENERGY

-MOVES SUBSTANCES FROM LOW TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS

-INCLUDES: PUMPS, ENDOCYTOSIS, AND EXOCYTOSIS

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is represented in this image

• Facilitated Diffusion

• Active Transport (Pump)

• Osmosis

• Active Transport (Endocytosis)

Multiple Choice

The diagram illustrates the movement of molecules through a cell membrane.

What process is being used by the cell to move the molecules?

• osmosis

• endocytosis

• active transport

• facilitated diffusion

Labelling

Correctly label the image

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

low concentration

Passive Transport

Active Transport

energy

high concentration

Labelling

Correctly label the image

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

high concentration

low concentration

Passive Transport

Active Transport

Multiple Choice

Which of the following represents Osmosis

Multiple Choice

When a cell loses water due to being in a hypertonic solution what do we call the cell shrinking?

• Plasmolysis

• Cytolysis

• Equalibrium

• Homeostasis

Multiple Choice

Shira is analyzing samples of red blood cells using a microscope. Her observations are shown.

Shira observes that the shape of cell A appears normal, while Cell B appears swollen and Cell C is shrunken. The shrinking of Cell C indicates that the cell is reacting to what?

• lower solute concentration outside the cell than inside

• an anaerobic environment outside the cell

• higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside

• more oxygen inside the cell than what can be used

Explanation Slide...

Water moves from a hypotonic area to a hypertonic area.

Remember

Hypertonic =high solute and low water
Hypotonic =low solute and high water.


High to Low with the Natural Flow.

Fill in the Blank

What type of solution is this cell submerged in, causing it to lose water?

Hotspot

Identify the cell that will take on water.

Fill in the Blank

What type of solution is in beaker B?

Fill in the Blank

What type of solution is in breaker C?

Hotspot

Identify the cell that will lose water.

Multiple Choice

The contractile vacuole is an organelle found in paramecia, a group of unicellular organisms. Contractile vacuoles pump out fresh water that accumulates in the organisms by osmosis. If the contractile vacuoles did not perform this function, could the paramecia maintain homeostasis?

• No, because the excess water would accumulate and burst the cell.

• Yes, because the paramecia would simply become bigger organisms.

• Yes, because just like all living things, paramecia need water to survive.

• No, because the excess water would create a balance between the inside and outside of the cell.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of diffusion? (select all that apply

• oxygen is moved into the cell

• carbon dioxide is moved out the cell

• perfume is sprayed and the scent fills the room

• water travels across the cell membrane

Match

Match the following images to the correct type of cell and solution.

Animal Cell;

Hypotonic Solution

Animal Cell;

Isotonic Solution

Animal Cell;

Hypertonic Solution

Plant Cell;

Hypertonic Solution

Plant Cell;

Hypotonic Solution

• Animal Cell;

  Hypotonic Solution

• Animal Cell;

  Isotonic Solution

• Animal Cell;

  Hypertonic Solution

• Plant Cell;

  Hypertonic Solution

• Plant Cell;

  Hypotonic Solution

Match

Match the following terms with the correct description.

• Osmosis

• Facilitated diffusion

• Simple diffusion

• Endocytosis

• Active transport

Diffusion of water

Passive transport that requires a channel protein

Passive transport that does not require any help

Active transport that brings molecules into the cell

Transport that requires the use of energy (ATP)

• Diffusion of water

• Passive transport that requires a channel protein

• Passive transport that does not require any help

• Active transport that brings molecules into the cell

• Transport that requires the use of energy (ATP)

Match

Click the image to enlarge it.

Match the letters with the type of transport being shown.

• A

• B

• C

Simple diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

• Simple diffusion

• Facilitated diffusion

• Active transport

Match

Match the following

Hypotonic solution

Hypertonic solution

Isotonic solution

• Hypotonic solution

• Hypertonic solution

• Isotonic solution

Energy renewal

• Energy captured from sunlight by photosynthetic organisms is used and released in the cellular respiration of living things.

• The energy that living things use, must continually be renewed through photosynthesis.

​

​Photosynthesis and cellular respiration can be thought of as opposite processes.

•Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and releases oxygen

•Oxygen is used in cellular respiration to release energy from food and releases carbon dioxide

•Neither cycle would be able to work without the other

​Comparing photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration

​

Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration

Notice the order:

​

Photosynthesis - ETC then Calvin Cycle

​

Cellular Respiration - Kreb's Cycle then ETC

Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration

• Photosynthesis stores energy into glucose - Cellular Respiration releases energy from glucose

• Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide and respiration returns it

Multiple Select

What are the raw ingredients (reactants) needed for photosynthesis? (choose all that apply)

• water

• milk

• carbon dioxide

• oxygen

• chocolate

Multiple Select

What are the products that are produced during photosynthesis? (choose ALL correct answers)

• carbon dioxide

• glucose

• m&ms

• oxygen

• sunlight

Multiple Select

What are the RAW MATERIALS (Reactants) needed for Cellular Respiration? (Choose ALL correct answers)

• glucose

• oxygen

• carbon dioxide

• energy

• ice cream

Multiple Select

What are ALL the products of Cellular Respiration?

• Energy

• Water

• Glucose

• Carbon dioxide

• Pop Tarts

Match

Match the following

• any substance formed in a chemical reaction

• any substance that undergoes chemical change in a reaction

• the process by which light energy, carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose, and oxygen is released

• an organic molecule referred to as a simple sugar, simple carbohydrate or monosaccharide

• an organism that makes its own food, examples are plants, algae, and some bacteria

product

reactant

photosynthesis

glucose

autotroph

• product

• reactant

• photosynthesis

• glucose

• autotroph

Match

Match the following

• a product of respiration and reactant of photosynthesis, it is present in air and produced by burning organic compounds

• a plant cell organelle that contains chlorophyll; the site where photosynthesis occurs

• energy in form of heat that is generated from the sun

• in plants, the cells that surround a stoma and control its opening and closing

• makes up 21% of the Earth's atmosphere, and is a product of photosynthesis and a reactant of respiration

carbon dioxide

chloroplast

light energy

guard cells

oxygen

• carbon dioxide

• chloroplast

• light energy

• guard cells

• oxygen

Labelling

Label the process of cellular respiration

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Glucose

ATP

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Water

Multiple Choice

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

• 1- glycolysis

  2- cellular respiration

  3- fermentation

• 1- glycolysis

  2- krebs cycle

  3- electron transport chain

• 1- krebs cycle

  2 - calvin cycle

  3- electron transport chain

• 1- electron transport chain

  2- krebs cycle

  3- glycolysis

Match

Match the following

• a product of respiration and reactant of photosynthesis, it is present in air and produced by burning organic compounds

• a cell organelle that produces energy for the cell; the site of cellular respiration

• stored energy

• the process by which the cell produces energy, or ATP

• makes up 21% of the Earth's atmosphere, and is a product of photosynthesis and a reactant of respiration

carbon dioxide

mitochondria

chemical energy

cellular respiration

oxygen

• carbon dioxide

• mitochondria

• chemical energy

• cellular respiration

• oxygen

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly describes how a diagram of cellular respiration would differ from a diagram of photosynthesis?

• The cellular-respiration diagram would show electromagnetic waves as the final product.
• The cellular-respiration diagram would show glucose as the main source of energy.
• The cellular-respiration diagram would show energy stored in large protein molecules.
• The cellular-respiration diagram would show water as the main source of chemical energy.