Foundations

Principles of building construction, information and communication.

​Foundations

Before a foundation type is decided on, a number of factors regarding the structure and the site it is to be constructed on will have to be considered.

There are approximately five factors.

1.Weight of the proposed structure – this is the set load of the structure and the imposed load of the structure – furniture, people etc.

2.Purpose of the proposed structure – office block, residential, leisure, community, concert venue, etc.

3.Soil of the proposed site (soil mechanics)

4.History of the proposed site – the recent history of any proposed site will have to be considered. Previous structures on the site may have included basements, and could also have been used for chemical processes, for example a petrol station.

5.Cost feasibility – the costs of the foundations might consume a high proportion of the total cost of the building. This could rule out the feasibility of constructing in some areas. Often the costs of the substructure can be a third of the total budget.

Multiple Choice

How many factors approximately are there when considering which foundation to use?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Multiple Choice

This is the Set or Dead load of a structure and the Imposed Load of the structure – furniture, people etc.

• 1.Weight of the proposed structure

• 2.Purpose of the proposed structure

• 3.Soil of the proposed site (soil mechanics)

• 4.History of the proposed site

• 5.Cost feasibility

Multiple Choice

Office Block, Residential, Leisure, Community, Concert Venue, etc. These are?

• 2.Purpose of the proposed structure

• 1.Weight of the proposed structure

• 3.Soil of the proposed site (soil mechanics)

• 4.History of the proposed site

• 5.Cost feasibility

Multiple Choice

The type, quality, load bearing capacity of soil and sub strata are?

• 1.Weight of the proposed structure

• 2.Purpose of the proposed structure

• 3.Soil of the proposed site (soil mechanics)

• 4.History of the proposed site

• 5.Cost feasibility

Multiple Choice

The recent history of any proposed site will have to be considered.

Previous structures on the site may have included basements, or could also have been used for chemical processes, for example a petrol station. These are all part of the?

• 4.History of the proposed site

• 5.Cost feasibility

• 3.Soil of the proposed site (soil mechanics)

• 2.Purpose of the proposed structure

• 1.Weight of the proposed structure

Multiple Choice

The costs of the foundations might consume a high proportion of the total cost of the building.

This could rule out the feasibility of constructing in some areas.

Often the costs of the substructure can be a third of the total budget. What are we talking about here?

• 5.Cost feasibility

• 4.History of the proposed site

• 3.Soil of the proposed site (soil mechanics)

• 2.Purpose of the proposed structure

• 1.Weight of the proposed structure

Below is the sequence of steps for installing foundations.
You are to rearrange the steps into the correct order. 

 

Step 1: Mark the centre line of wall measurements on the ground.

Step 2: Excavate trench/strip to the correct depth and width.

Step 3: Install any required reinforcement as shown on the drawing and specification.

Step 4: Pour concrete into the trench: If reinforced Sulphate resisting cement must be used!

Step 5: Ensure the concrete is level to the correct height.

Step 6: Construct walls to DPC.

Step 7: Backfill as required.

Fill in the Blanks

Mark the centre line of wall measurements on the ground?

Fill in the Blanks

Excavating trench/strip to the correct depth ?

Fill in the Blanks

Install any required reinforcement as shown on the drawing and specification is?

Fill in the Blanks

Pour concrete into the trench: If reinforced Sulphate resisting cement must be used! this is?

Fill in the Blanks

Ensure the concrete is level to the correct height. Should be ?

Fill in the Blanks

Construct walls to DPC. Would be ?

Fill in the Blanks

Backfill as required. Is?

Multiple Choice

Areas of Land, which have never been developed (built on) are considered?

• Greenfield sites

• Brownfield sites

• Demolition sites

• Decontamination Sites

Multiple Choice

Land that has either been developed or is currently in use.

Redevelopment of previously developed land.

are ?

• Brownfield sites

• Greenfield sites

• Demolition sites

• Decontamination sites

Multiple Select

The redevelopment of previously developed land "Brownfield sites" often incurs higher build costs as a result of:

• Demolition

• Decontamination

• Site clearance

• Proximity of adjacent structures

• Traffic problems.

Multiple Choice

Should the recent history of any proposed site be considered ?

• Yes

• No

Multiple Select

The recent history of any proposed site will have to be considered because of?

• There could have been possible previous mining operations underneath.

• Previous structures on the sites may have included basements.

• Previous structures could also have been used for chemical processes, for example a petrol station or a factory.

• Sites where there used to be buildings or factories are green field sites.

Multiple Select

The recent history of any proposed site should be considered. Because?

• There could be ground contamination such as oil, chemicals, asbestos.

• Ground on Brown field sites could contain, poisonous or explosive chemicals and gasses.

• Underneath the ground there could be tunnels, basements, or a mine.

• The soil and Sub-strata could be uncontaminated and has not been built on before making it a green field site.

Multiple Select

The cost of the foundations could consume a high proportion of the total cost of the building. How much?

• 1/3rd

• 33.3r%

• 3/3rds

• 90%

Multiple Choice

You are to construct a self-build three-bedroom house. The soil and substrata are very good. Which foundations would you select?

• Raft foundations      

• Strip foundations

• Pile foundations   

• Wide strip foundations

Multiple Choice

You are to construct a house on a site you have purchased. The soil and is very poor and this will affect the foundations you will require. Which foundations would you select?

• Raft foundations

• Strip foundations

• Wide strip foundations

• Pile foundations

Multiple Choice

You are to construct a single-storey extension on the side of a house. The soil and substrata are very good. Which foundations will you select?

• Strip foundations

• Raft foundations

• Pile foundations

• Wide strip foundations

Multiple Choice

You are to construct a large family house block on a site with good soil and substrata. Which foundations will you select?

• Raft foundations

• Strip foundations

• Pile foundations

• Wide strip foundations

Multiple Choice

You are to construct a small office block on a brownfield site. The soil and substrata are very good. Which foundations would you select?

• Wide strip foundations

• Pile foundations

• Strip foundations

• Raft foundations

Multiple Choice

You are to construct a medium-sized office block on a brownfield site. The soil is very poor and this will affect what foundations you will require. The site also has a high water table. Which foundations would you select?

• Raft foundations

• Strip foundations

• Pile foundations

• Wide strip foundations

Multiple Choice

You are to construct a skyscraper on a brownfield site. The soil and substrata are very good. Which foundations will you select?

• Pile foundations

• Wide strip foundations

• Strip foundations

• Raft foundations

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