8.12.4-Metamorphic Rocks

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​Use your textbook to complete the vocabulary page of your notes.

MetamorphicFormation

Imagine that you left home with a cheese sandwich in your backpack. You threw your backpack into your hot locker at school. Would the sandwich look the same by lunchtime? The cheese would likely be soft because of changes in temperature. Also, your heavy backpack could squish the sandwich. Like the sandwich, metamorphic rocks are affected by changes in temperature and pressure. 

Where do they form?

Most metamorphic rocks form far below Earth’s surface. Deep within Earth’s crust and mantle, temperatures and pressures are high. Metamorphic rocks, like igneous rocks, form under high temperature and pressure conditions. Unlike igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks do not crystallize from magma/ They bend and form layers during their formation

Multiple Choice

Where do most metamorphic rocks form?

• mantle and core

• inner core and outer core

• crust and mantle

• surface

How are they different than Sedimentary?

Sedimentary rocks form ON earths surface

Metamorphic rocks form BENEATH earths surface

Erosion and deposition= sedimentary

heat and pressure= metamorphic

When rocks undergo heat and pressure, they behave like Plastic.

-The rocks can bend and fold, WITHOUT melting(remember if something melts its magma>igneous rock.

-A permanent change in shape by bending and folding is called plastic deformation.

-Bending and folding rocks is common during the formation of plate tectonics, when plates come together and form mountains

How are metamorphic rocks classified?

When classifying a metamorphic rock, we look at its texture and its mineral composition

Types of Metamorphic Rocks

There are two types

-Foliated

-Non Foliated

Foliated Metamorphic rocks

Foliated rocks contain parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals. Often, the layers are different colors. The layers develop from an uneven distribution of pressure during metamorphism. Foliation is a common feature of metamorphic rock. 

Multiple Choice

What is the main physical characteristic of a foliated metamorphic rock?

• big crystals

• layers

• nothing

• very small non existent crystals

Non Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

Nonfoliated rocks are metamorphic rocks that have mineral grains with a random, interlocking texture. In nonfoliated rocks, the minerals do not line up. Instead, the crystals are shaped like blocks and are all about the same size. The minerals are generally the same color, which helps distinguish them from igneous rocks such as granite. 

Non-foliated Rock

Multiple Choice

What type of rock contains parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals?

• rock cycle

• foliated rock

• regional metamorphism

Foliated Rock

Multiple Choice

Name the process that creates permanent change in rock shape caused by bending or folding...

• plastic deformation

• compaction

• cementation

Plastic Deformation

Vocabulary Review

• Metamorphism: process by which any kind of rock is changed into metamorphic rock

• Regional Metamorphism: occurs in large areas around plate boundaries

• Contact Metamorphism: occurs when magma rises through Earth's crust and touches existing rock

• Foliated: layers or bands that you can see

• Nonfoliated: do not have visible bands or layers

Multiple Choice

Metamorphic rocks form from ___.

• igneous rocks
• other metamorphic rocks
• sedimentary rocks
• all types of rocks

Multiple Choice

Metamorphic Rocks are classified by

• Mineral Composition
• Texture (foliated / non foliated)
• Grain Sizes
• How they formed.

Multiple Choice

The difference between regional metamorphism and contact metamorphism is that regional metamorphism is caused by _____ from __________ and contact metamorphism is caused by _________ from _______ intruding into other rock.

• heat, tectonic plates, pressure, magma
• pressure, tectonic plates, heat, magma
• heat, magma, pressure, tectonic plates
• pressure, magma, heat, tectonic plates

Multiple Choice

Which texture best describes the rock above?

• porphyritic 
• nonfoliated
• foliated
• clastic

Multiple Choice

This pink and black striped rock can be classified as

• foliated metamorphic
• unfoliated metamorphic
• clastic sedimentaary
• organic sedimentary

Multiple Choice

Morph means what?

• change
• alter
• switch
• rearrange

Multiple Choice

What are the two main types of metamorphic rocks and how are they different?

• intrusive and extrusive; intrusive rocks are formed inside the earth and extrusive rocks are formed on the surface
• foliated and nonfoliated; foliated rocks do not have visible bands/layers and nonfoliated rocks do have visible bands/layers
• intrusive and extrusive; intrusive rocks are formed on the earth's surface and extrusive rocks are formed in the Earth
• foliated and nonfoliated; foliated rocks have visible bands/layers and nonfoliated rocks do not have visible bands/layers

Multiple Choice

__________  metamorphic rocks have mineral grains that are not arranged in distinct bands.

• Conglomerate
• Non-foliated
• Foliated
• Permeated

Multiple Choice

When metamorphic rocks are formed, the extreme heat is usually caused by the _______.

• gravity in the atmosphere
• collision of tectonic plates
• the fiery hot magma in the Earth's mantle
• weight of the mountains

Multiple Choice

Non foliated rocks crystals are said to be

• apart

• in layers

• interlocking

• dark

Multiple Choice

What occurs when magma comes into contact with existing rock and its thermal energy and gases interact with the surrounding rock to make a new metamorphic rock?

• contact metamorphism

• regional metamorphism

• cementation

Contact Metamorphism

Multiple Choice

Formation of metamorphic rock bodies that are hundreds of square kilometers in size...

• contact metamorphism

• regional metamorphism

• compaction

Regional Metamorphism

Multiple Choice

What is the process that affects structure or composition of rocks in the solid state; occurs due to changes in heat, pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids?

• extrusive rock

• cementation

• metamorphism

Metamorphism

How are mountains formed?

View this video to answer that question. Write it down!

Multiple Select

How do mountains form?

• pieces of the Earth crash into each other

• plates converge, crust crumbles and are pushed up over each other

• plates separate and cause sea spreading

• plates fall apart

Multiple Choice

Which mountain was talked about in the video that is still growing?

• The Pocono Mountains

• The Appalachians

• Mt. Fujiama

• Mt. Everest

2. What are 2 things that act on a parent rock to change it to a metamorphic rock?

3. What are 2 places metamorphic rocks form?

4. What are the 2 types of metamorphic rocks and how are they different?

5. Name 2 metamorphic rocks.

Types of Metamorphic Rock

• There are 2 types

• Foliated and Non-foliated

• Foliated means it was formed with layers

• Non-foliated means it was formed without layers.

Multiple Choice

True or False: Metamorphic rock can form layers.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Is this rock foliated or nonfoliated?

• Foliated

• Nonfoliated

Multiple Choice

This pink and black striped rock can be classified as

• foliated metamorphic
• unfoliated metamorphic
• clastic sedimentaary
• organic sedimentary

Multiple Choice

Metamorphic Rocks are classified by

• Mineral Composition
• Texture (foliated / non foliated)
• Grain Sizes
• How they formed.

Multiple Choice

Which texture best describes the rock above?

• porphyritic

• nonfoliated

• foliated

• clastic

Multiple Choice

__________ metamorphic rocks have mineral grains that are not arranged in distinct bands.

• Conglomerate

• Non-foliated

• Foliated

• Permeated

Metamorphic rocks...

• form with heat and pressure.

• Can be formed from any other kind of rock.

• Have a "parent" rock from which they were formed.

• 
  

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the type of environment a metamorphic rock forms in

• High heat, low pressure

• Low heat, high pressure

• High heat, high pressure

• Low heat, low pressure

Multiple Select

Metamorphic rocks are rocks that are changed from what two processes?

• Temperature

• Movement

• Pressure

• Deposition

Multiple Choice

When metamorphic rocks are formed, the extreme heat is usually caused by the _______.

• gravity in the atmosphere

• collision of tectonic plates

• the fiery hot magma in the Earth's mantle

• weight of the mountains

Multiple Choice

Metamorphic rocks form from ___.

• igneous rocks

• other metamorphic rocks

• sedimentary rocks

• all types of rocks

Multiple Choice

The original rock before metamorphism is called a ____.

• starter

• kid

• original

• parent

Multiple Choice

Where does the heat that causes metamorphism come from?

• core

• fire

• mantle and magma

• crust

Multiple Select

Where do metamorphic rocks form?

• on the tops of mountains

• deep in the Earth's crust

• down in the core

• in areas of plate movement

Open Ended

Name 2 metamorphic rocks.

Metamorphic and Igneous Rocks

Open Ended

How are these two rock different?

Poll

Which rock has been subjected to heat and pressure?

• the rock on the left

• the rock on the right

This rock...

has been subjected to heat and pressure. It has been metamorphosed.

Poll

You've done the reading. So, what does metamorphosed mean?

• made from fire

• made from pieces of other rock

• changed

• What reading?!!

This rock has been changed by heat and pressure.

It is a metamorphic rock.

Heat and Pressure

Heat and pressure turn exiting rock into a new type of rock: a METAMORPHIC rock.

Poll

What do we call the original rock that was metamorphosed?

• Mom rock

• Dad rock

• Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson

• Parent rock

Parent Rock

Every metamorphic rock has a PARENT rock.

Poll

There are two types of metamorphism. Which one do you think involves exisiting rock touching magma?

• Contact Metamorphism

• Regional Metamorphism

• Meta Metamorphism

• Mighty Metamorphism

Contact Metamorphism

occurs when existing rock comes in contact with magma. The heat changes the original minerals.

Regional Metamorphism

This happens due to tectonic activity squeezing existing rock.

Poll

How do you like learning about metamorphic rocks with quizizz?

• It's great!

• It's pretty good.

• I like Peardeck better.

• Wait, we're not in Peardeck?!!

Poll

Hey, before you forget...What are the two types of SEDIMENTARY ROCKS?

• Organic

• Clastic

• Detrital

• Chemical

• Non-clastic

Open Ended

What's different about these two rocks?

Open Ended

Based on the illustration, FOLIATED must mean...

Foliated Metamorphic Rock

Foliated rocks have a banded appearance. The minerals in the rocks have been squeezed or pulled into the bands.

Poll

This rock doesn't have bands. It must be...

• foliated

• non-foliated

• sedimentary

• shy

Now for IGENOUS Rocks!

Poll

Do you know this key term?

The process in which crystals grow together from liquid rock is...

• sedimentation

• compaction

• crystallization

• cementation

Poll

Think about this...

Which would cool more quickly?

• a hot lunch kept in an insulated bag

• a hot lunch left on the table

• Stop talking about lunch. I'm hungry

These Facts Rock!

Igneous rocks that form underground cool more slowly than rocks that cool above ground.

Cooling slowly allows more time for crystals to grow in the rocks.

Poll

Which rock do you think cooled underground?

This rock is diorite. It forms from melted rock underground.

• Note the obvious crystals in the rock. The crystals had time to grow as the rock cooled slowly underground.

Poll

By the way, what’s the term for melted rock underground?

• Lava

• Magma

INTRUSIVE Igneous Rocks

• INTRUSIVE igneous rocks form from MAGMA beneath the ground. Most have obvious crystal growth.

Poll

Think about this...

If intrusive rocks form under the ground, then EXTRUSIVE igneous rocks must form...

• on the surface

• also beneath the ground

• from the dust under my bed.

Poll

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Extrusive igneous rocks form from LAVA that has EXITED the volcano. “Extrusive” sounds like “exit.” Get it?

• Yeah, I get it

• Can you run that by me again?

• Yeah, I know, sedimentary rocks from from heat and pressure...blah blah blah

Poll

True or False

Extrusive igneous rocks cool quickly on the surface and have much smaller crystals.

• True

• False

Sometimes igneous rocks are classified by their GRAIN SIZE.

• ●A rock with a COARSE grain has large crystals.

  ●A rock with a FINE grain has small crystals.

Poll

Which rock is COARSE grained?

Poll

Think about this...

Which rock type would most likely contain FOSSILS?

• sedimentary

• igneous

• metamorphic

Open Ended

Almost all fossils are found in sedimentary rock.

Why?

Review Questions

for points!

Multiple Choice

True / False: Metamorphic rocks can be metamorphosed more than once.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

How do metamorphic rocks form? 

• Heat and Pressure
• Compaction & Cementation
• Cooling of Magma
• Sediments & Glue

Multiple Choice

__________ metamorphism occurs when magma heats the surrounding rock and changes it.

• Regional

• Forced

• Igneotrophic

• Contact

Multiple Choice

The original rock before metamorphism is called a -

• original

• parent rock

• kid rock

• starter rock

Multiple Choice

Metamorphic Rocks are classified by

• Mineral Composition

• Texture (foliated / non foliated)

• Grain Sizes

• How they formed.

Multiple Choice

__________ metamorphic rocks have mineral grains that are not arranged in distinct bands.

• Conglomerate

• Non-foliated

• Foliated

• Permeated

Multiple Choice

How do Intrusive Igneous rocks cool?

• quickly
• slowly
• really fast

Multiple Choice

Intrusive Igneous rocks will be

• coarse grain

• fine grain