Andrew Jackson

Andrew
Jackson

Andrew Jackson was born
on the border of North
Carolina and South
Carolina in 1767. His
parents were Scottish-Irish
immigrants. They were
subsistence farmers, which
meant that they grew just
enough crops to live.

As a teenager, Andrew Jackson
fought in the Revolutionary
War. During the war, he was
held as a prisoner. A British
officer slashed him with his
sword. The wound left him
with a scar on his head and left
hand. His mother and brothers
died during that war. Jackson
was an orphan at 14. As a
result of his experiences during
the war, Jackson developed a
deep hatred for the British.

Jackson moved to Tennessee. It was there that he
began to make a name for himself. He became a
lawyer for the state government. He bought
property and enslaved people.

Multiple Choice

At what age did Andrew Jackson become an orphan?

• 18

• 12

• 14

• 16

Multiple Choice

What left Andrew Jackson with a scar on his head and left hand?

• An accident

• A British officer's sword

• A battle wound

• A fall

Multiple Choice

Why did Andrew Jackson develop a deep hatred for the British?

• Because of their taxes

• Because of their policies

• Because of his experiences during the Revolutionary War

• Because of a personal vendetta

Multiple Choice

What role did Andrew Jackson have in the Revolutionary War?

• A messenger

• A spy

• A soldier

• A prisoner

Multiple Choice

Who died during the Revolutionary War, deeply affecting Andrew Jackson?

• His father and sister

• His mother and brothers

• His best friend

• His teacher

Multiple Choice

Jackson moved to Tennessee. It was there that he began to make a name for himself. He became a __________ for the state government. He bought property and enslaved people.

• Senator

• Lawyer

• Solider

• Actor

​ As a U.S. Army colonel, he won national fame for his victory over Native Americans in the Creek War (1813–1814)

​He became a general and won a huge victory over the British in the Battle of New Orleans (1815) during the War of 1812.

​In 1818, his forces won the First Seminole War. This victory led the U.S. to gaining possession of Florida.

While serving in
the military,
Jackson became
known as “Old
Hickory.” He
got this
nickname
because he
seemed to be
unbreakable in
battle.

John Quincy Adams

Henry Clay

Andrew Jackson

William C. Crawford

Election
of 1824

None of the
candidates received
enough electoral
votes to win the
presidency. Electoral
votes were based on
the population of
each state. The
winner would be
determined by the
House of
Representatives.

Clay did not support
Jackson. He felt that
if Andrew Jackson
became president it
would be…

“the greatest

misfortune that could
befall the country.”

Two weeks before the House vote, a newspaper
published an unsigned letter. The letter stated that

Clay

had made a deal to support Adams for

president. In exchange for his support, Clay would be
named secretary of state. Clay said this letter was a
lie. He claimed that no such deal had been made.

Multiple Choice

Jackson moved to Tennessee. It was there that he began to make a name for himself. He became a __________ for the state government. He bought property and enslaved people.

• Senator

• Lawyer

• Solider

• Actor

Multiple Choice

Which Native American tribe was defeated by Andrew Jackson in the Creek War (1813-1814)?

• Creek

• Cherokee

• Seminole

• Navajo

Multiple Choice

What was the significant battle in the Creek War that led to Andrew Jackson's national fame?

• Battle of New Orleans

• Battle of Horseshoe Bend

• Battle of Tippecanoe

• Battle of Talladega

Multiple Choice

How did the victory in the Creek War affect Andrew Jackson's military career?

• He retired from military service.

• He was promoted to General.

• He was given command of the western frontier.

• He was appointed as a U.S. Senator.

Multiple Choice

Who led the forces that won the First Seminole War in 1818?

• Thomas Jefferson

• Andrew Jackson

• James Monroe

• John Quincy Adams

Multiple Choice

What was a direct result of the United States' victory in the First Seminole War?

• The acquisition of Texas

• The Louisiana Purchase

• The acquisition of Florida

• The Oregon Treaty

Multiple Choice

Which country ceded Florida to the United States as a result of the First Seminole War?

• France

• Spain

• Great Britain

• Mexico

Multiple Choice

Which country ceded Florida to the United States as a result of the First Seminole War?

• France

• Spain

• Great Britain

• Mexico

-

Jackson’s Democratic
Party changed the way
of campaigning. Martin
Van Buren managed
Jackson’s campaign. He
used several new
methods to create
excitement about his
candidate. Van Buren
created a system of local
and state Democratic
committees. These
committees
planned election rallies
and barbecues.

Many states had recently granted poor and non-property-owning white men the
right to vote. More than one million white men voted in the presidential election of
1828. This was four times more than had voted just four years before.

Jackson won
the 1828
election with
56 percent of
the popular
vote and 68
percent of
the electoral
vote. He
became the
seventh
president of
the United
States.

John C.
Calhoun from
South Carolina was
his vice president.

Fixing this
system
became one
of Jackson’s
first priorities
as president.

Jackson believed that,
over time, people in
positions of power do
their jobs less well. As
time goes by, they
seem to pay less
attention to the needs
of ordinary
citizens. He believed
long-time
government officials
were corrupt.

This clever remark in Congress, “To the victor
belong the spoils of the enemy.” Using the
spoils system, Jackson replaced 9 percent of
the federal workforce during his first year in
office.

The Spoils System

Jackson put a new system in place.
Upon taking office, Jackson’s staff
asked government officials to give up
their jobs. He placed new people in
their positions. Jackson’s system
became known as the “spoils system”.

The system allowed
the Democratic Party
to hand out
government jobs as a
reward to people
who helped the party
achieve its goals.
However, many people
were against Jackson’s
practice of rewarding
his supporters with
government positions.
Jackson’s practice
reminded his critics of
the “corrupt
bargain”.

The spoils system became one of
Jackson’s decisions that had lasting effects. The practice continued with every president who followed him until 1883. In that year, the Pendleton Act created the Civil Service Commission. This act established a system for federal jobs that was based on a person’s
value and skills.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following men was NOT a candidate in the the 1824 election?

• Andrew Jackson

• Henry Clay

• John C. Calhoun

• John Q. Adams

Multiple Choice

Who said that if Andrew Jackson became president that it would be, “the greatest misfortune that could befall the country.” ?

• John Q. Adams

• Thomas Jefferson

• Henry Clay

• William Henry Harrisom

Multiple Choice

What significant change in voting rights occurred leading up to the presidential election of 1828?

• Women were granted the right to vote

• Poor and non-property-owning white men were granted the right to vote

• Voting age was lowered

• Property ownership requirements for voting were increased

Multiple Choice

How did the number of white male voters in the presidential election of 1828 compare to the election four years earlier?

• It doubled

• It tripled

• It quadrupled

• It remained the same

Multiple Choice

What term is used to describe the system Andrew Jackson put in place to replace government officials with his supporters?

• Federalist System

• Spoils System

• Merit System

• Civil Service System

Multiple Choice

How much of the federal workforce did Jackson replace during his first year in office using the spoils system?

• 5 percent

• 9 percent

• 15 percent

• 20 percent

Multiple Choice

What term best describes the practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs?

• Meritocracy

• Spoils System

• Plutocracy

• Oligarchy

Multiple Choice

Which president is most closely associated with the implementation of the spoils system?

• George Washington

• Thomas Jefferson

• Andrew Jackson

• Abraham Lincoln

Multiple Choice

What was the primary criticism against the spoils system?

• It encouraged merit-based appointments

• It reduced government efficiency and increased corruption

• It limited the president's power

• It expanded federal government too much

Multiple Choice

What happens if no presidential candidate receives a majority of electoral votes?

• The Senate selects the president

• The Supreme Court decides the winner

• The House of Representatives decides among the top three candidates

• A new election is held

Multiple Choice

How are electoral votes allocated to each state?

• Based on the state's GDP

• Equally among all states

• Based on the population of each state

• Based on the geographical size of the state

Multiple Choice

In which house of Congress is the president decided if no candidate wins a majority of electoral votes?

• The Senate

• The House of Representatives

• Both houses jointly

• Neither, a special committee is formed

Multiple Choice

Who was accused of making a deal to support Adams for president in exchange for being named secretary of state?

• Andrew Jackson

• Henry Clay

• John C. Calhoun

• William H. Crawford

Multiple Choice

What did Clay claim about the letter accusing him of making a deal to support Adams?

• He admitted it was true

• He claimed it was a lie

• He ignored the accusation

• He confirmed the deal but denied any wrongdoing

Multiple Choice

How long before the House vote was the unsigned letter published?

• One week

• Two weeks

• Three weeks

• One month

Multiple Choice

Which act established the Civil Service Commission to reform the federal employment system?

• The Pendleton Act

• The Sherman Act

• The Hatch Act

• The Clayton Act

Multiple Choice

What was the primary purpose of the Pendleton Act?

• To expand the spoils system

• To establish tariffs

• To create a merit-based system for federal employment

• To reduce the powers of the presidency

In July 1832, Jackson signed
a new tariff bill. It was
intended to replace the 1828
law with a more reasonable
tax.

In 1828, Congress had passed a tariff that
placed a tax on imported goods. Jackson’s
opponents thought the tax was a terrible
burden. They called this tax the
“Tariff of Abominations.”

Southerners were furious.
John C. Calhoun led the
state of South Carolina in a
protest. Calhoun was the
nation’s vice president. He
tried to pass a law nullifying,
or overturning, federal laws
such as the Tariff of 1832.

Leading to the Nullification
Crisis.

Jackson based many of
his actions on the belief
that, as president, he
had promised to
preserve the Union.
Accordingly, he
prepared to send troops
to South Carolina to
make sure the federal
government’s tariff was
being obeyed. South
Carolina declared it
would leave the United
States if the federal
government used force
to make sure the taxes
were being collected. At
the same time, Vice
President Calhoun gave
up his position in office.

Congress addressed the
Nullification Crisis in March
1833. It first passed as the
Force Bill. This law gave the
president the right to use
military force to collect the
tariff. On the very same day,
Congress passed another
bill. This bill lowered the
tariff. South Carolina voted
to nullify the Force Bill.
Reluctantly, the state agreed
to accept the lower tariff. The
Nullification Crisis had come
to an end.

Jackson thought
nullification might
logically lead to–
Despotism. The
levels in the cartoon
show the steps on
the road to that end.
The Constitution
and E Pluribus
Unum have already
been stabbed, and
Jackson desperately
holds the coat tails
of one of the men
who want to rush up
the steps

The Second Bank of the United
States was created in 1816. It was a
part of ’s American System. This
system was a private business Henry
Clay’s based in Philadelphia. It held
millions of dollars that people had
banked with the federal government.
The bank charged the government no
banking fees. It also did not pay any
state taxes. In exchange for this
special arrangement, the bank paid
the federal government $1.5 million.

President Jackson was
suspicious of the
bank. He believed it
was unconstitutional.
He did not like that it
had the special rights
and benefits over
state and local banks.
Jackson called it “the
Monster.”

He did not think Jackson
would veto the charter.

Clay thought that Jackson veto
would cost him a second term in
office.

The National Republicans decided to make
the bank a big point in Jackson’s campaign
for reelection. Clay pushed for Congress to
extend the bank’s charter.

Jackson vetoed the bill.

The House of
Representatives tried
to override, or cancel,
the veto, but the bill
did not receive
the needed two-thirds
of the votes in the
Senate. The veto held.

Taney was one of Jackson’s most loyal supporters. Many in Congress were furious when Taney
began moving federal money to private banks. Without any federal money, the Second Bank of
the United States was doomed. By 1841, the bank, completely empty of money, was destroyed.

Jackson Destroys the Bank

The downfall of the bank added to the
nation’s economic problems. After Jackson
left office, an economic disaster struck the
nation in 1837.

Multiple Choice

What was the main reason Jackson's opponents opposed the "Tariff of Abominations"?

• It favored British goods over American goods.

• It placed a heavy tax burden on imported goods.

• It decreased revenue for the federal government.

• It led to a decrease in American manufacturing.

Multiple Choice

How did the "Tariff of Abominations" impact the relationship between the federal government and the states?

• It strengthened federal authority over the states.

• It had no significant impact on federal-state relations.

• It led to increased tensions and discussions of state's rights.

• It improved cooperation between the federal government and the states.

Multiple Choice

What was the main goal of the Tariff of 1832 signed by Jackson?

• To increase federal revenue significantly

• To replace the 1828 law with a more reasonable tax

• To support the industrial sector in the North exclusively

• To penalize the Southern states for their opposition to federal policies

Multiple Choice

Who led South Carolina in protest against the Tariff of 1832?

• Andrew Jackson

• Henry Clay

• John C. Calhoun

• William Crawford

Multiple Choice

What was the significant crisis called that stemmed from the conflict over the Tariff of 1832?

• The Great Compromise

• The Secession Crisis

• The Nullification Crisis

• The Tariff Crisis

Multiple Choice

What was the main issue at the heart of the conflict between South Carolina and the federal government during Jackson's presidency?

• Slavery

• State's rights and federal tariffs

• Land distribution

• Banking regulations

Multiple Choice

Why did Vice President Calhoun resign from his position?

• Health issues

• Political disagreements with President Jackson

• To run for the Senate

• Scandal

Multiple Choice

What action did Jackson threaten to use to enforce federal laws in South Carolina?

• Impeachment

• Sanctions

• Sending troops

• Diplomatic negotiations

Multiple Choice

Why did Vice President Calhoun resign from his position?

• Health issues

• Political disagreements with President Jackson

• To run for the Senate

• Scandal

Multiple Choice

What was the primary purpose of the Force Bill passed in March 1833?

• To authorize the use of military force to enforce tariff laws

• To establish a new national bank

• To provide funding for infrastructure projects

• To reduce the powers of the presidency

Multiple Choice

How did South Carolina respond to the Force Bill?

• They accepted it without resistance

• They voted to nullify it

• They declared independence from the United States

• They immediately paid all tariffs due

Multiple Choice

Which treaty officially ended the First Seminole War?

• Treaty of Ghent

• Adams-Onís Treaty

• Treaty of Paris

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Multiple Choice

What was the outcome of the 1824 presidential election that led to the 'Corrupt Bargain' accusation?

• Andrew Jackson won the popular vote but lost the election.

• John Quincy Adams won both the popular and electoral vote.

• Henry Clay was appointed Secretary of State after supporting Adams.

• John C. Calhoun became president after a tie in the electoral college.

Multiple Choice

What was the outcome of the Nullification Crisis?

• South Carolina seceded from the Union

• The Force Bill was repealed

• South Carolina accepted the lower tariff, ending the crisis

• The federal government increased the tariff rates further

Multiple Choice

Why did the Second Bank of the United States not pay any state taxes?

• Because it was a private institution

• Because it was considered a federal entity

• Because of a special arrangement with the federal government

• Because it was exempted by state legislatures

Multiple Choice

Who was a key advocate of the American System, which included the establishment of the Second Bank of the United States?

• Andrew Jackson

• Thomas Jefferson

• Henry Clay

• John C. Calhoun

Multiple Choice

What was President Jackson's nickname for the national bank?

• The Leviathan

• The Behemoth

• The Monster

• The Goliath

Multiple Choice

Why did President Jackson believe the national bank was unconstitutional?

• Because it was not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution

• Because it favored wealthy individuals and corporations

• Because it was controlled by foreign interests

• Because it issued paper money

Multiple Choice

What special rights and benefits did President Jackson dislike about the national bank?

• The ability to issue national currency

• The exemption from state taxation

• The control over state and local banks

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Why did Henry Clay push for Congress to extend the bank's charter during Jackson's campaign for reelection?

• To strengthen the national economy

• To challenge Jackson's policies

• To secure his own political influence

• To force Jackson into a difficult political position

Multiple Choice

What was Andrew Jackson's response to the bill extending the bank's charter?

• He signed it into law

• He vetoed the bill

• He ignored the bill, allowing it to become law without his signature

• He passed it to the Supreme Court for a decision

Multiple Choice

What did Henry Clay incorrectly assume about the political consequences of Jackson's veto on the bank's charter?

• It would lead to Jackson's impeachment

• It would secure Clay's own election as president

• It would cost Jackson his second term in office

• It would have no significant impact on Jackson's popularity

Multiple Choice

Why did President Jackson decide to destroy the National Bank?

• He believed it was unconstitutional

• He thought it had too much power over the economy

• He claimed the government's funds were not secure in it

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What was William Duane's role in Jackson's plan against the National Bank?

• He supported Jackson by withdrawing the nation's money

• He refused to withdraw the nation's money and was fired

• He was the president of the National Bank

• He was a congressman who supported the bank

Multiple Choice

Who did Jackson replace with Roger Taney, leading to the controversy over the 'pet banks'?

• Henry Clay

• William Duane

• Nicholas Biddle

• John C. Calhoun

Multiple Choice

What was the ultimate fate of the Second Bank of the United States by 1841?

• It became a private investment bank

• It was absorbed by the federal government

• It was destroyed, completely empty of money

• It merged with several state banks

Multiple Choice

How did President Jackson's actions towards the national bank contribute to the economic problems that followed?

• By increasing federal spending

• By reducing the gold reserve

• By destabilizing the banking system

• By encouraging foreign investment

Multiple Choice

What event marked the beginning of the economic disaster that struck the nation in 1837?

• The collapse of the Second Bank of the United States

• The Panic of 1837

• The signing of the Indian Removal Act

• The Nullification Crisis

Multiple Choice

How did President Jackson's policies contribute to the economic problems faced by the nation in 1837?

• By implementing high tariffs on imported goods

• By removing federal deposits from the Second Bank of the United States

• By signing the Indian Removal Act

• By refusing to annex Texas

Multiple Choice

What was one of the major consequences of the economic disaster that struck the nation in 1837?

• A significant increase in national debt

• The establishment of the Independent Treasury System

• Widespread bank failures and unemployment

• The end of the Second Bank of the United States