The Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

Multiple Choice

True or False: The heart is a hollow, muscular organ about the size of a fist located between the lungs.

• True

• False

Pericardium = outer covering
Fibrous Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium
X

​X

​Layers of the Heart

Walls of Heart
X
X
Myocardium
Endocardium

​

What is the function of the following membranes?

Fibrous pericardium - provides protection and anchors heart in place
Serous pericardium - lubricates to reduce friction

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the heart is the thickest? Why?

• Myocardium: muscular layer doing the contracting

• Endocardium: providing support to heart

• Parietal pericardium: Reducing Friction

• None of the above

​carries blood to lungs (picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide)

​​Pulmonary Circuit

​carries blood to body tissues and back (drops of oxygen and picks up Carbon dioxide)

​​Systemic Circuit

1. Two atria (right and left)

​2. Two ventricles (right and left)

Left Atrium and Left Ventricles = O2 blood
Right Atrium and Right Ventricle = no O2 in blood
The septum separates the two sides of the heart.

​4 Chambers of Heart

Hotspot

Mark the following: Right ventricle

Hotspot

Find the following: Aorta

Hotspot

Label the following: Superior Vena Cava

Multiple Choice

What structures cover the atria?

• Auricles

• Apex

• Ratrium

• Coronary Blanket

There are two sets of valves:

​1. Atrioventricular valves - between atria and ventricles
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid/mitral valve
2. Semilunar valves - between ventricles and major blood vessels.
Pulmonary Valve
Aortic Valve

​Major internal strutures of the heart.

Generally, think A before V...it works with the pulmonary arteries and veins as well as atrium and ventricles. ​

​General flow of blood through heart

Trace the path of the intrinsic conduction system.

SA node --> AV node --> AV bundle --> bundle branches --> Purkinje fibers

​

​Physiology of the heart

Multiple Choice

What is another name for the SA node?

• Cardiac Pacemaker

• Sagital Aortic Valve

• Sequence Aquisition

• Shallow Arterial Start

​Atrial Contraction (ventricles fill)
AV valves close making "lub" sound

​​Diastole (Relax)

​Isovolumetric contraction of ventricles
Ejection Phase
similunar valves close making "dup"sound
Isovoumetric relaxation

​​Systole (Contract)

Multiple Choice

What is cardiac output?

• amount of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute

• amount of blood pumped by the aorta per minute

• amount of blood in the body

• amount of blood taken in per minute

Cardiac Output =

heart rate x stroke volume

Stroke Volume - volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle in a heart beat (average is 75 mL)
Heart Rate - number of times the heart beats per minute

​

​How can CO change?

Multiple Choice

After blood leaves the right ventricle, where does it flow next?

• Pulmonary Arteries

• Pulmonary Veins

• Aorta

• Left Atrium

Hotspot

Where is the tricuspid valve?

Hotspot

Where is the SA node?