STAAR Prep 4

STAAR Prep 4

Evolution and Taxonomy

Mock Questions

36, 27, 38, 20, 40, 34, 15, 43, 13

Know how evidence of evolution shows common ancestry and that taxonomy shows evolutionary relationships.

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​the process of biological change by which descendants come to

differ from their ancestors.

Evolution

- Biological Evolution by Natural Selection

- defined evolution as "descent with modification"

- the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor

Charles Darwin

• Variation: difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs.

• Adaptation: a feature that allows an organism to better survive and reproduce in its environment.

​

​Darwin's Observations

• Biogeography

• Fossils

• Homologous Structures

• Embryology

• Molecular Biology

​Evidence of Evolution

Multiple Choice

The pictures below show the forelimbs of six different organisms.

Using this picture, which statement is correct?

• These forelimbs have similar bones, indicating that the organisms share a common ancestor.

• These forelimbs have similar bones, indicating that the organisms all live in the same habitat.

• These forelimbs have similar bones, indicating that the organisms all have the same diet.

• These forelimbs have similar bones, indicating that the organisms' evolution happened quickly.

Multiple Choice

The table below shows information about four organisms with very different looking forelimbs.

What does the table prove about the organisms?

• All evolved from different ancestors.

• All live in the same environment.

• All use their forelimbs to walk.

• All share a common ancestry.

Multiple Choice

The study of the early stages of development that is one evidence of evolution is:

• Homologous Structures

• Comparative Embryology

• Vestigial Organs

• Analagous Structures

Match

Match the following

embryology

homologous

structures

analogous

structures

vestigial

structures

molecular

biology

• embryology

• homologous

  structures

• analogous

  structures

• vestigial

  structures

• molecular

  biology

Multiple Choice

Q36: During early stages of development, dolphin embryos begin to develop hind limbs. By the time the dolphin fetuses are fully developed, the hind limbs have disappeared.  

 

Which statement best explains the early development and then disappearance of hind limbs in dolphins? 

• Dolphin fetuses change their development to adapt to an aquatic environment. 

• The genes that control the development of hind limbs are destroyed as the fetus develops. 

• The early ancestors of dolphins had hind limbs. 

• Dolphins are evolving to become terrestrial animals. 

Know how evidence of evolution shows common ancestry and that taxonomy shows evolutionary relationships.

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Review Evolution and Taxonomy

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Mechanisms of Evolution

​What causes change over time?

1. Natural Selection: ability to survive and reproduce

2. Gene Flow: transfer of genetic material from one population to the next

3. Genetic Drift: change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to random chance

​Types of Evolution

Gradualism: evolution that suggests that changes occur slowly and constantly overtime.

Punctuated Equilibrium: evolution that suggests very short, rapid periods of change followed by long periods of stability

Match

Match the following

• The survive and reproduce

• caused by chance events, decreasing genetic variation

• Organism of one population moving to another population adding genetic variation

• Change over time

• Causes of Change over time

Natural Selection

Genetic Drfit

Gene Flow

Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

• Natural Selection

• Genetic Drfit

• Gene Flow

• Evolution

• Mechanisms of Evolution

Multiple Choice

Evolution that is characterized by long periods of stability in the characteristics of an organism and short periods of rapid change such as what is occurring in the image above is called ________________.

• punctuated equilibrium

• gradualism

• no evolution

• rapid and gradual

Multiple Choice

Evolution that occurred slowly and gradually such as what is occurring in the image above is called ______________.

• punctuated equilibrium

• gradualism

• no evolution

• rapid and gradual

Multiple Choice

Due to normal migration patterns of the butterfly, a yellow butterfly moved to the orange butterfly population increasing the new populations genetic variation. Which mechanism of evolution caused this occurance?

• Gene Flow

• Genetic Drift

• Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

The American Bison was once hunted to the brink of extinction. Due to limited genetics from the small population, researchers and conservationists have added cattle genes to help create genetic variation.

Which type of mechanism of evolution caused the decreased genetic variation in the bison?

• Genetic Drift

• Natural Selection

• Gene Flow

Multiple Choice

The biological fitness of the brown beetle allows it to blend in with its habitat so that it can continue to survive and reproduce. This is an example of which type of mechanism of evolution?

• Natural Selection

• Gene Flow

• Genetic Drift

Multiple Choice

Q27: Certain species of the coral-like sea organisms called bryozoans first appeared about 140 million years ago. They remained unchanged for the first 40 million years and then suddenly experienced rapid genetic change. 

Which process would BEST account for the pattern of evolution in bryozoans? 

• Convergent evolution

• differentiation

• punctuated equilibrium

• gradualism

Multiple Choice

Q38: The figure shows fossilized and living stalk-eyed flies from the family Diopsidae. In fossils, the eye spans of the flies are much smaller than those of living flies.

Which question would BEST help determine whether the change in eye span in stalk-eyed flies was influenced by natural selection? 

• Is the eye span of male stalk-eyed flies similar to that of female flies? 

• What is the relationship between the body length and eye span of stalk-eyed flies? 

• How does the eye span of stalk-eyed flies compare from one generation to the next? 

• Do fossilized stalk-eyed flies have a shorter body length than living flies?

Multiple Choice

Q20: The salamanders of the genus Ambystoma in northeastern North America are an entirely female population that reproduces asexually through the process of cloning.  However, they have developed a way of inserting DNA from other species of salamanders into their own DNA. 

How has DNA from other salamander species helped these Ambystoma salamanders survive environmental changes over the past 6 million years? 

• By decreasing the mutations that occur in the DNA

• By increasing genetic diversity in the population

• By making the DNA more similar across the population

• By creating many genetically identical individuals

Multiple Choice

Q40: The Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) population had declined to approximately 20 to 30 individuals as a result of habitat loss and hunting. Many of the panthers had genetic mutations due to inbreeding that affected their ability to reproduce and survive. Female Texas pumas (Puma concolor stanleyana) were introduced into Florida to mate with the endangered population of panthers. Hybrid panthers had more genetic variation and reproductive success than the Florida panthers.  

Which table best represents the mechanism of evolution and the effect on the gene pool of the Florida panther population?

• Mechanism of Evolution: Gene Flow

  Event: Texas Puma Introduction

  Effect on Genetic Variation: Increased

   

• Mechanism of Evolution: Gene Flow

  Event: Hunting and Habitat loss

  Effect on Genetic Variation: decreased

• Mechanism of Evolution: artificial selection

  Event: Texas Puma Introduction

  Effect on Genetic Variation: Decreased

• Mechanism of Evolution: artificial selection

  Event: Hunting and Habitat loss

  Effect on Genetic Variation: Increased

Know how evidence of evolution shows common ancestry and that taxonomy shows evolutionary relationships.

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Review Evolution and Taxonomy

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Win for the Day...

Taxonomy

1. Levels of Classification

   1. (Domain) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species   

   2. Broad/Least Closely Related to Narrow/More closely related                                                    

2. Purpose of Levels of Classification: determine closest relationships/common ancestors

3. The use of standardized taxonomy (levels of classification): less confusion for those that study it.

4. Taxonomy Importance: 

   1. I.D. organisms

   2. Find evolutionary relationships

Multiple Choice

Q34: There are approximately 113 species and subspecies of snakes in Texas. Why would it be important for scientists to use a standardized taxonomic system when naming species of snake?

• To ensure that all species of snakes are located in the fossil record 

• To avoid confusion in the identification of a variety of snake species 

• To place snakes in various groups based on their habitats in the ecosystem 

• To place snakes in various groups based on their habitats in the ecosystem

Know how evidence of evolution shows common ancestry and that taxonomy shows evolutionary relationships.

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Review Evolution and Taxonomy

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​Levels of Classification

Multiple Choice

Q15: Blue whales and narwhals are both marine mammals in Order Cetacea.  Which other classification group must these whales share? 

• family

• phylum

• genus

• species

​3 Domains:
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

6 Kingdoms:
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Multiple Choice

The table was created to describe four organisms.

Organism A is in the kingdom ____________.

• Archaeabacteria

• Plantae

• Protista

• Fungi

Multiple Choice

The table was created to describe four organisms.

Organism C is in the kingdom ____________.

• Archaeabacteria

• Plantae

• Protista

• Fungi

Multiple Choice

The table was created to describe four organisms.

Organism D is in the kingdom ____________.

• Archaeabacteria

• Plantae

• Protista

• Fungi

Match

Match the following

• Prokaryotic

• Autotrophic

• Heterotrophic

• Eukaryotic

Organisms that lack a nucleus

organisms that make their own food

organisms that get their own food

Organisms that have a nucleus

• Organisms that lack a nucleus

• organisms that make their own food

• organisms that get their own food

• Organisms that have a nucleus

Match

Match the following kingdoms to the make up of their cell walls:

• cell wall made of peptidoglycan

• no cell wall

• cell wall made of cellulose, some have chloroplasts

• cell wall made of chitin

• Cell wall made of cellulose, all have chloroplasts

Eubacteria

Animalia

Protista

Fungi

Plantae

• Eubacteria

• Animalia

• Protista

• Fungi

• Plantae

Multiple Select

Q43: A student creates a dichotomous key to identify birds.

Based on the key, which two characteristics are shared by the red-winged blackbird and the hairy woodpecker? 

Select TWO correct answers.

• does not have a crest

• is not blue

• does not have a short beak

• does not have reddish coloration

• is not mostly black and white

Multiple Choice

Q12: The Venn diagram compares two kingdoms. Which labels could be used to fill in the blanks?

• 1. 1. Multicellular

     1. 2. Unicellular

• 1. 1. Unicellular

     1. 2. Multicellular

• 1. 1. Heterotroph

  2. 2. Autotroph

• 2. 1. Autotroph

  3. 2. Heterotroph