Civil War - 2024

Civil War
1861-1865

•Says he will not end slavery nor will he allow it to expand

•The South sees this as proof they have no choice but to secede

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Lincoln Elected - November 1860

•December 1860 – South Carolina becomes the first state to secede

•Jefferson Davis is chosen to become the Confederacy’s president.

•Union = Northern free states

•Confederacy = Southern slave states

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​Secession

•Wished for peace & prosperity between the Confederacy & the Union

•Listed the reasons for secession
- Points to the Declaration of Independence that says when a government violates the rights of the people, the people have the right to abolish the government and create a new one.

​Davis

•Tried to reconcile North and South

•Would not abolish slavery where it already existed

•Secession was unconstitutional & he would not allow the South to secede

•Would not attack would respond with force if necessary

Lincoln

Inaugural Addresses: Lincoln v Davis

•Confederate forces opened fire on the Union Fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina

•Union forces surrendered marking the beginning of the Civil War

​Fort Sumter - April 12, 1861

•Battle of Antietam - Confederate armies led by General Robert E. Lee took heavy casualties. Lincoln uses this battle as a chance to change Northern war aims and take action against slavery.
•The first of two key battles fought in Union Territory
•Helped convince England to stay out of the war

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Battle of Antietam - September 17, 1862

Multiple Choice

These excerpts are from presidential inaugural addresses. Based on these excerpts which statement describes the ideas of Presidents Lincoln and Davis?

• Both Davis and Lincoln believed it was unlawful for a state to break from the Union.

• Both Davis and Lincoln believed the states had the authority to wage war against the Union.

• Davis believed the federal government made secession necessary, while Lincoln believed the Union must be preserved.

• Lincoln believed a state must prove the right to secede, while Davis believed a state could secede at any time.

Multiple Choice

How was the event depicted in this image significant to the Civil War?

• The Confederate defense of the besieged fort lengthened the Civil War.

• The Union victory divided the Confederacy along the Mississippi River

• The invasion of the Confederate capital led to the surrender of the Confederacy

• The Confederate attack upon the fort initiated the Civil War

•January 1, 1863 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation stating that “all persons held as slaves within any state…in rebellion against the U.S., shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”

•Effects of the proclamation

–Did not actually free anyone. This was done by the thirteenth amendment.

–Lincoln hoped that the proclamation would encourage enslaved people to run away.

–Northern African-Americans were pleased by the proclamation

–Caused Britain & France to withhold recognition of the Confederacy and support the Union.

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Emancipation Proclamation- Jan. 1, 1863

•Vicksburg (June-July 1863) Union army wins gaining control of the Mississippi River splitting the Confederacy in two.

Vicksburg: June-July 1863

•Gettysburg (July 1863) Union army turns back a Confederate army invading the North.
•The second of two key battles fought in Union Territory
–Gettysburg becomes known as the turning point of the war.

Gettysburg: July 1863

Multiple Choice

What made the battles at Antietam and Gettysburg different from the other battles illustrated on this map?

• They were victories for the Confederacy.

• They were battles fought in Union territory.

• They were attempts to keep Virginia in the Union.

• They were battles defending the Confederate capital.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following completes this diagram?

• President Lincoln's First Inaugural Address

• The Gettysburg Address

• The Emancipation Proclamation

• The Thirteenth Amendment

•November 19, 1863 Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address

•It’s purpose was to explain to the people of the country why they should continue to fight a war when many thought they should call it quits​

Gettysburg Address - Nov. 19, 1863

Multiple Choice

Why was the Battle of Vicksburg a strategic victory in the Civil War?

• The battle opened the way for a full-scale union attack on Atlanta.

• The battle gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.

• The battle prevented a Confederate invasion of the North.

• The battle allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

•Grant attacked Lee’s army in Virginia.

•Lincoln won reelection in 1864 and pushed for the restoration of the Union despite some opposition to the war.
•Sherman’s March to the Sea - army was to advance to Atlanta and then crush the Confederates in the deep South.

•Sherman captured Atlanta in September 1864 and began his “March to the Sea” destroying everything between Atlanta and Savannah (264 miles)

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The End is Near

​"With malice towards none, and charity to all" - A. Lincoln 2nd Inaugural Address

•Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House.

•Grant asked only for their weapons letting them keep their horses and giving them three days’ supply of food

•Confederate forces in North Carolina surrendered several days later and Jefferson Davis was captured on May 10, 1865 in Georgia.

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Appomattox Courthouse - April 9, 1865