Unit 8 Retake

Unit 8 Summative
Retake & Relearning

Genotypes (allele combinations) code for Phenotypes (physical, observable, traits).

• DOMINANT ALLELE: always expressed when present. (capital letter). You only need one copy to express the trait!

• RECESSEIVE: only expressed when the dominant one is absent. (lower case letter). You need 2 copies to express the trait!

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Genotype = 2 alleles.

Allele = version of a gene.

In the flower example, purple flowers (B) are dominant to white flowers (b). Even when both are present, the B wins!

​

Match

Match the term to its definition

• Genotype

• Phenotype

• Allele

• Heredity

Types of genes an organism has

physical trait of an organism

Version of a gene

Passing traits down from parents to kids

• Types of genes an organism has

• physical trait of an organism

• Version of a gene

• Passing traits down from parents to kids

Categorize

Options (6)

lower case letter

can be masked

2 copies are needed for the trait to show

upper case lettter

always shows through when present

only 1 copy is needed

Organize these options into the right categories

Recessive Allele

Dominant Allele

• HOMOZYGOUS = both alleles are the same.

• HETEROZYGOUS = both alleles are different.

• IMPORTANT NOTE: even though the heterzygote has one of each allele, the dominant one wins, and the flower is purple!

Types of

Genotypes

Match

Match the following

• Homozygous Dominant

• Heterozygous

• Homozygous recessive

having 2 dominant alleles for a trait

having 1 dominant and 1 recessive allele

having 2 recessive alleles for a trait

• having 2 dominant alleles for a trait

• having 1 dominant and 1 recessive allele

• having 2 recessive alleles for a trait

Categorize

Options (9)

AA

LL

ZZ

Ee

Ww

Jj

bb

nn

rr

Organize these options into the right categories

Homozygous Dominant

Heterozygous

Homozygous Recessive

Multiple Choice

Reference the chart. What would the phenotype be for a plant with a genotype Rr?

• Round seeds

• Wrinkled Seeds

Multiple Choice

Reference the chart. What would the phenotype be for a plant with a genotype gg?

• yellow pods

• green pods

Multiple Choice

Reference the chart. A pea plant has inflated pods. What could its genotype be?

• II

• Ii

• ii

• II and Ii

Multiple Choice

Reference the chart. A pea plant is short. What could its genotype be?

• TT

• Tt

• tt

• Tt and tt

Multiple Choice

Reference the chart. A pea plant is heterozygous for seed color. What is its genotype and phenotype?

• YY, yellow

• Yy, yellow

• Yy, green

• yy, green

• Parents go on the top and right side (purple boxes).

• Offspring are in the middle (teal boxes), and take one allele from each parent.

• Each box represents 25% or 1/4 probability.

​

Punnet Squares are models used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring based off the parent's genotypes.

The parents in this example are heterozygous (Bb) and have big beaks.

​

Possible Genotypes: 25% BB, 50% Bb, 25% bb

Possible Phenotypes: 75% big beaks, 25% small beaks

​

Drag and Drop

In a species of frogs, pink tongues (P) is dominant to gray tongues (g).



A frog with the genotype PP would have a ​

Placeholder

tongue.

A frog with the genotype ​

Placeholder

would also have a pink tongue.

A frog with the genotype ​

Placeholder

would have a gray tongue.​

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

pink

Pp

pp

gray

Draw

In a species of frogs, having a pink tongue (P) is dominant to having gray tongues (p).

Create a Punnett Square to show the possibilities between a pink tongue frog with the genotype PP and a gray tongue frog pp.

Multiple Choice

When you crossed the PP frog and the pp frog, what were the possible genotypes in the offspring?

• 100% pp

• All PP

• All Pp

• PP and Pp

Multiple Choice

When you crossed the PP frog and the pp frog, what were the possible phenotypes in the offspring?

• 100% pink tongue

• 100% gray tongue

• 50% pink tongue, 50% gray tongue

• 25% gray tongue, 75% pink tongue

Drag and Drop

In a species of plants, being tall (T) is dominant to being short.



A plant that is ​

Placeholder

would be tall.

A plant that is Tt would be ​

Placeholder

.

A plant that is tt would be ​

Placeholder

.​

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

TT

tall

short

Draw

In pea plants, being tall (T) is dominant to being short (t)

Create a punnett square to show the possibilities when you cross a heterozygous tall plant and a homozygous tall plant.

Multiple Choice

When you crossed the homozygous dominant tall plant with a heterozygous one, what percent of the offspring were tall?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

When you crossed the homozygous dominant tall plant with a heterozygous one, what percent of the offspring were heterozygous?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

​In heterozygous genotype the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele on the organism's phenotype

Complete Dominance

​A type of inheritance in which two contrasting alleles contribute to the individual a trait not exactly like either parent; blending inheritance.

Incomplete Dominance

A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed

Codominance

​

​This is an example of how to do a punnett square with incomplete dominance.


If it was codominance, 2/4 would have had white and red petals.

Match

In a a species of flowers, there is an allele for red flowers (R), and an allele for yellow flowers (Y). Heterozygotes are orange.

Match each genotype to its phenotype.

• RR

• RY

• YY

red flower

orange flower

yellow flower

• red flower

• orange flower

• yellow flower

Draw

In a species of flowers, there is an allele for RED (R) and an allele for YELLOW (Y). Heterozygotes are orange.

Create a punnett square between an orange flower and a red flower.

Multiple Choice

What are the phenotypes of the offspring?

• 50% red, 50% orange

• 50% red, 50% yellow

• 100% red

• 50% yellow, 50% orange

Multiple Choice

What percent of the offspring are homozygous?

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

Match

In a different species of flowers, the alleles for white and red are codominant. Match the genotypes to their phenotypes.

• RR

• RW

• WW

red flowers

flowers with red and white petals

White flowers

• red flowers

• flowers with red and white petals

• White flowers

Draw

In a different species of flowers, the alleles for white (W) and red (R) are codominant.

Create a punnett square between two heterozygotes.

Multiple Select

When you crossed the two heterozygotes, which of the following statements were true?

THERE ARE 2 CORRECT ANSWERS

• 75% of the flowers were red

• 50% had red and white petals

• 25% had white petals

• 25% of the flowers were homozygous

Multiple Select

Dennis is doing a TikTok series where he tries to redo Mendel's experiment. He gets a pure purple plant, and a pure white plant.

A week later, a video pops up on your "for you" page.

"Sup peeps!  Check these results!  My parental generation was a purple and white flower.  When I crossbred them, their offspring, the F1 generation, ALL HAD PURPLE FLOWERS!  CRAZY!!!" 

You browse the comment section. Which 2 comments are true?

• Purple is the dominant trait, my guy!

• All of your F1 generation got a P from the purple parent, and a p from the white parent!

• The white trait has completely disappeared from the population!

• The F1 generation is all homozygous!

Open Ended

A week later, you see another video pop up.

"Okay my fellow flower fanatics!  When the F1 generation was bred, the offspring F2 showed a 3:1 ratio.  75% had purple flowers, and 25% had white flowers."  Now you leave a comment! Why did this happen?