9.4 - Prokaryote and Eukaryote Cells

Labelling

Label the parts of the cell membrane

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Integral Protein

Peripheral Protein

Phospholipid Tail

Carbohydrate

Phospholipid Head

Multiple Choice

What are the two types of carbohydrates that allows the cell to be identified?

• Glycolipid and Glyconucleotide

• Integral glycogen and peripheral glycogen

• Glycolipid and Glycoprotein

• Polylipid and Polyprotein

Open Ended

What is the difference between integral proteins and peripheral proteins?

9.4 - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Genova

Lesson Objectives

●Describe the membrane-bound structures of the prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cell

●Explain how internal membranes and membrane-bound organelles
contribute to compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells functions.

●Describe structural and functional evidence on cellular and molecular
levels that provides evidence for the common ancestry of all eukaryotes.

Vocabulary Terms

●Prokaryotic Cells

●DNA

●Nucleoid

●Peptidoglycan

●Capsule

●Eukaryotic Cells

●Nucleus

●Mitochondria

●Golgi Body

●Endosymbiont Theory

Word Cloud

How many organisms do you think live in the human body?

The Human Body

●Human body is a micro-ecosystem

●Consists of trillions of microorganisms

○Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Open Ended

What are the most common organelles found in all types of cells?

Prokaryotic Cells

What is a Prokaryotic Cell?

●Prokaryotic Cell → single-celled organism
that lacks a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles.

○Cells are not divided up on the inside by membrane
walls, but instead consists of a single open space.

○Think of the cell as a studio room.

What makes up a Prokaryotic Cell?

●Prokaryotic Cells are made up of four key
components:

○Plasma Membrane

○Cytoplasm

○DNA

○Ribosomes

DNA in Prokaryotic Cells

●Majority of the DNA can be
found in the central region.

○DNA → genetic material of the cell

○Nucleoid → the DNA-containing area
of a prokaryotic cell

●DNA is usually a single large loop

Open Ended

Why do cells need DNA?

Do all Prokaryotic Cells have the same features?

●Bacterias are very diverse in form, not all types of prokaryotic cells
will have the same feature.

●Most bacterias are surrounded by a cell wall called peptidoglycan

●Many bacteria will also have an outermost layer of carbohydrates
called capsule.

●Some bacterias have specialized structures found outside of the cell
surface to help them move:

○Flagella

○Cilia

Open Ended

What is flagella? What is cilia?

Peptidoglycan

●Peptidoglycan → a rigid envelope
surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane
of most bacterial species

●Characteristics of a the cell wall:

○Provides a layer of protection

○Helps maintain shape

○Prevents dehydration

Capsule

●Capsule → an outer layer of
polysaccharides that covers the cells of
many different bacterial species

●Function:

○Helps the cell attach to surfaces in its
environment

○Sticky surface

Multiple Choice

This organelle found only on prokaryotic cells adds an extra layer of protection.

• Capsule

• Peptidoglycan

• Cell membrane

• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

This organelle found only on prokaryotic cells allows them to stick to surfaces

• flagella
• peptidoglycan

• cytoplasm
• capsule

Open Ended

What is one unique feature that a Prokaryotic Cell has?

Labelling

Label the organelles of the prokaryote cell

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Peptidoglycan

Cilia

Cell membrane

Flagella

Ribosome

DNA/Nucleoid

Capsule

Cytoplasm

Assignment

IXL

• D1 - Structure and Function of the Cell Membrane

Eukaryotic Cells

What is a Eukaryotic Cell?

●Eukaryotic Cells → organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and
other membrane-bound organelles

○Many organelles with specialized functions float in the cytosol

○Contain multiple linear chromosomes instead of one giant loop.

What are the components that make up a Eukaryotic Cell?

●Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that are composed of different types of organelles:

○Nucleus

○Endoplasmic Reticulum

○Golgi Body

○Mitochondria

○Chloroplast (depends on the cell)

○Vacuole

○Lysosome

Organelles and Functions

Nucleus

●Nucleus → a dense organelle present
in most eukaryotic cells containing
the genetic material.

●Function:

○Stores genetic information; controls all cell
activities

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

●Function:

○Network of tubes and membranes that carry
material through the cell

○Play a role in protein modification and lipid
synthesis

○Rough ER (contains ribosomes)

○Smooth ER (does not contain ribosomes)

Open Ended

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Golgi Body

●Golgi Body → A stack of small flat
sacs formed by membranes
inside the cell's cytoplasm

●Function:

○Flattened membrane discs that
package and sort proteins

Mitochondria

●Mitochondria → membrane-bound
cell organelles that generate most
of the chemical energy needed to
power the cell's biochemical
reactions.

○Powerhouse of the cell

●Function:

○Breaks down sugar into energy for the cell

Chloroplast

●Function:

○Uses light energy to make food for plant cells
○Not all cells have this organelle

Vacuole

●Function:

○Storage site for food, water, and
waste; large central vacuole helps
maintain the shape of plant cells

Lysosome

●Function:

○Breaks down large molecules and digests old cell parts

Match

Match the following organelle to its function

• Lysosome

• Golgi Body

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Vacuole

Breaks down large molecules

Packages proteins

Breaks down sugars, provides energy

Contains genetic material, DNA

Storage site

• Breaks down large molecules

• Packages proteins

• Breaks down sugars, provides energy

• Contains genetic material, DNA

• Storage site

Endosymbiotic Theory

What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?

●Endosymbiotic Theory → Theory proposing that eukaryotic
cells formed from a symbiotic relationship among prokaryotic
cells

○1905, Russian Botanist, Konstantin Mereschkowski

○Theory may explain how eukaryotes became so complex

○Theory suggests that the mitochondria and the chloroplasts were once
bacterias that began to live within a larger host cell.

■Overtime evolved together to eventually both cannot function
independently.

Open Ended

What is the endosymbiont theory?

Open Ended

What is the difference between Prokaryote and Eukaryote cells?

Poll

Have we achieved our objectives?

• Yes

• NO

Vocab Recap

●Prokaryotic Cells → single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles.

●DNA→ genetic material of the cell

●Nucleoid→ the DNA-containing area of a prokaryotic cell

●Peptidoglycan→ a rigid envelope surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane of most bacterial species

●Capsule→ an outer layer of polysaccharides that covers the cells of many different bacterial species

●Eukaryotic Cells→ organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

●Nucleus→ a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells containing the genetic material.

●Mitochondria→ membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy
needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.

●Golgi Body→ A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell's cytoplasm

●Endosymbiont Theory→ Theory proposing that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiotic
relationship among prokaryotic cells

Word Bank #5-10

●Endosymbiont

●Prokaryotic

●Eukaryotic

●Chloroplast

●Mitochondria

●Nucleus

●Peptidoglycan

●Capsule

●Single loop

●Multiple loop