BIO 3C1.AND 3C2 GENES AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS MOONEY

BIO 3C.1 AND 3C.2

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Essential Questions

• Compare and contrast DNA vs. RNA

• Explain the function of the 3 types of RNA

• Explain the two parts of protein synthesis

Important Vocab

• Nucleus - called the "control center" of a cell. Holds all genetic information.

• Chromosome - the condensed form of DNA. Looks like an X. Just consists of DNA wrapped around proteins.

• Gene - a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.

• Nucleotide - makes up the "base pairs" that form the "steps" of the DNA ladder. Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine (C-G, A-T) 

DNA

• DNA is "double-stranded" in the shape of a "double helix," which is like a twisted ladder.

• The rungs, or "steps," of the ladder are the nucleotides.

• ​In order to make a protein, cells must first make RNA from DNA

• DNA contains the genetic information needed to make all of our proteins, and that RNA is a messenger that carries this information to the ribosomes

Nucleotides

• Nucleotides consist of a phosphate, a sugar (Deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.

• Nucleotides are the monomers of DNA, which means it makes up DNA.

• Nucleotides are the "Code" of DNA.

Nucleotides

• The nucleotides are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. (A, T, G, C)

• Look at the picture to the right.

• A always pairs up with T. (APPLES go in the TREE)

• C always pairs up with G. (CARS go in the GARAGE)

Multiple Choice

What is the condensed form of DNA called?

• Chromosome

• Gene

• Nucleotides

• Nucleus

Multiple Select

Which of the following are the DNA nucleotides?

• Adenine (A)

• Thymine (T)

• Uracil (U)

• Cytosine (C)

• Guanine (G)

Multiple Choice

Which nucleic acid is a temporary usable copy of the genetic code?

• DNA

• RNA

• DNA + RNA

Multiple Choice

Located at the center of the cell and acts as a control center. 

• DNA

• Gene

• Chromosome

• Nucleus

Multiple Select

An RNA nucleotide contains which 3 things?

• ribose sugar

• deoxyribose sugar

• phosphate group

• nitrogen bases (G, C, A, U)

• nitrogen bases (G, C, A, T)

Multiple Choice

Smallest unit with the basic properties of life. 

• DNA

• Cell

• Chromosome

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

RNA is a molecule used by the cell to take instructions coded in DNA to make

• amino acids

• proteins

• nucleotides

Multiple Choice

Bundles of tightly coiled DNA

• Chromosome

• Genes

• Traits

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

The material that exists in every cell in your body that holds your genetic code. It Is like your body’s cookbook.

• Gene

• DNA

• Chromosome

• Trait

The 3 types of RNA work together

mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA all work together to build proteins!

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

Sections of DNA that contain the set of instructions that control how our body grows and works and controls many of our characteristics.

• Chromosome

• Nucleus

• Genes

• Cell

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA transfers amino acids?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Labelling

Label the following terms: Cell, DNA, Chromosome, Nucleus, Gene

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Gene

DNA

Chromosome

Nucleus

Cell

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA are ribosomes made of and reads the mRNA?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA reads the code of mRNA?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA is a copy of the DNA “code” instructions for building proteins?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

What do each of the colored bands on the chromosome diagram represent? 

• DNA

• Cells

• Genes

Multiple Choice

Base Pairing in DNA G pairs with C and A pairs with T, BUT in RNA G pairs with C and A pairs with

• G

• C

• A

• T

• U

Multiple Choice

Where are chromosomes located in the cell?

• cytoplasm
• DNA

• cell membrane
• nucleus

Dropdown

Humans have ​

Select answer

of cells in our bodies.

Multiple Choice

What is the structure of DNA?

• Single-Helix

• Double-Helix

• Triple-Helix

• X-Shaped

Multiple Choice

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?

• DNA is a type of gene and is located on chromosomes.
• DNA contains chromosomes and is found in genes.

• Genes contain DNA, and chromosomes are located on genes.
• Genes are sections of DNA, and chromosomes are made of tightly coiled DNA.

Multiple Choice

True or False: Human's genes are completely unique and are not similar to any other life form

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

Humans have ____________ pairs of chromosomes

• 19

• 23

• 46

• 25

The Central Dogma

• DNA to RNA to Protein

• DNA to mRNA

• mRNA read by rRNA

• tRNA bring amino acids

• Amino acids bind making proteins

Multiple Choice

What is the central dogma?

• DNA to RNA to Amino Acid

• DNA to RNA to Protein

• RNA to DNA to Protein

• RNA to DNA to Amino Acid

Multiple Choice

What binds together to create proteins?

• Sugars

• Nucleotides

• Lipids

• Amino Acids

Multiple Choice

In RNA, what base replaces Thymine?

• Cytosine

• Adenine

• Uracil

• Guanine

Multiple Choice

Determine the RNA sequence that compliments the DNA stranded:

TACGGT

• TACGGT

• AUGCCA

• ATGCCA

• UACGGU

rRNA

• Ribosomal RNA

• In cytoplasm

• Reads mRNA (codons)

Multiple Choice

How does rRNA read the mRNA strand?

• In single nucleotides

• In codons

• All at once

tRNA

• Transfer RNA

• In cytoplasm

• Brings amino acids to rRNA

Multiple Select

Select all of the RNA types from the options below

• mRNA

• rRNA

• pRNA

• tRNA

• cRNA

Protein Synthesis

2 Stages; Transcription & Translation

Transcription

• Occurs in Nucleus

• mRNA produced from DNA

• mRNA leaves to cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

What is produced by transcription?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• DNA

Translation

• Occurs in cytoplasm at a ribosome

• rRNA attaches to mRNA

• rRNA reads mRNA (codons)

• tRNA brings amino acids

• Amino acids bind making proteins

Multiple Choice

Where does translation occur?

• In the cytoplasm

• At a ribosome

• In the cytoplasm at a ribosome

• In the nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is produced by translation?

• rRNA

• mRNA

• Proteins

• Lipids

Multiple Select

Which types of RNA are used in translation? Select all correct options

• DNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Codons

• 3 nucleotides on mRNA

• rRNA reads codons

• 1 codon = 1 amino acid

• Combination of codons makes unique protein

• tRNA brings Amino acid based on codon

Multiple Choice

What is a codon?

• A set of 3 nucleotides on mRNA

• A set of 3 nucleotides on DNA

• A whole strand of mRNA

• An amino acid

Multiple Choice

What type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids?

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• DNA