Topic 18, Lesson 2: The French Revolution

The American Revolution

In 1776, the American colonies declared independence from Britain, leading to the American Revolution. For the next century, political, cultural, and economic revolutions quickly spread through the rest of the Americas and Europe.

"How Did the French Revolution Begin?"
Read pages 773-774

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1780s, France suffered from high ​

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, high ​

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, and ​

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, which led to another ​

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-inspired revolution. French society was divided into ​

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.

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taxes

food shortages

Enlightenment

3 groups

unemployment

Dropdown

First Estate: ​

Select answer

Second Estate: ​

Select answer

Third Estate: ​

Select answer

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The ​

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Estate had the most people, paid the heaviest taxes and had the fewest ​​

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. The First and Second Estates were ​

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, but paid few ​

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​ . French wars of the 1700s were costly, leaving the government nearly ​

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. Also, crop failures led to food shortages.​

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Third

rights

wealthy

taxes

bankrupt

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King Louis XVI wanted a new tax to raise money, but needed approval of the French ​

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(called the Estates-General). May 1789, as tensions grew, representatives of the ​

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stormed out and formed their own government called the ​

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. When they wrote their own ​

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, the king sent troops to ​

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.

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legislature

Third Estate

National Assembly

constitution

Paris

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On ​

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, citizens stormed the streets and attacked the ​

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prison/arsenal. ​

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soon spread across France.

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July 14, 1789

Bastille

Revolt

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August 1789, the ​

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tried to stop unrest by ending ​

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of the First and Second Estates and issuing the ​

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, influenced by the ​

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. This document guaranteed basic rights for all French citizens.

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National Assembly

privileges

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

U.S. Declaration of Independence

"A Radicalized Society"

Read page 775

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After 1789, the revolution changed from just getting rid of the privileges of the First and Second Estates to wanting to build an entirely ​

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. The ​

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had to decide the new role of the ​

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. The new constitution of 1791 ended ​

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. While the king could still do some things, the National Assembly now made laws, collected taxes, and decided issues of ​

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. Some men had the right to vote, while women and poorer citizens did not.

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new society

National Assembly

monarchy

absolute power

war and peace

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1791, ​

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and ​

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leaders were worried about the changes in France. 1792, France declared war on ​

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leading Austrian and Prussian troops to fight French troops in the ​

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before pushing into northern France Fighting continued for ​

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years.

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Austrian

Prussian

Austria

Netherlands

five

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Early 1793, a radical group called the ​

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took over after widespread disorder. Led by ​

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, the Jacobins controlled the legislatures, ended the ​

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and established a ​

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.

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Jacobins

Maximilien Robespierre

monarchy

republic

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From September 1793 to July 1794, the ​

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was used against Jacobin opponents and included the ​

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of the king's supporters. ​

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people were arrested, and ​

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were killed, including Louis XVI and his wife ​

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. Thousands died in prison. The Terror didn't end until the arrest and execution of Robespierre.

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policy of terror

execution

300,000

17,000

Marie Antoinette

"Napoleon Takes Power"

​Read first paragraph on page 776

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The ​

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was not able to bring order and ​

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with other European nations continued - the people of France needed a leader and found one with ​

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, an ambitious young military commander.

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Reign of Terror

wars

Napoleon Bonaparte

Multiple Choice

Which of these helped inspire the French Revolution?

• The American Revolution

• Enlightenment ideas

• Poor people getting sick and tired of rich people having everything

• all of those

Multiple Choice

What were the Three Estates?

• The artists, the workers, and the government

• Montagnyard, Blissville, and Tule

• The church people, the rich people, and everyone else

• Workers, royals, and God

Multiple Choice

What was the Enlightenment?

• In the 1900s, artists began painting pictures showing people who were free and happy.

• In the 1700s, thinkers suggested that people should have freedom and equality.

• In the 1700s, the sun became much brighter.

• In the 1500s, a philosopher named Modiefjermgen wrote that we should get rid of all royals.

Multiple Choice

King Louis asked the Estates-General to let him ___________________.

• Tax the First and Second Estates.

• Go on vacation.

• Tax people in other countries.

• Buy a house the size of a whole city.

Multiple Choice

The First and Second Estates said, "____."

• Yes, you may tax us.

• No, you may NOT tax us.

• Go away. You smell funny.

• They said nothing. They were asleep.

Multiple Choice

When the nobles and clergy refused to give up their rights and privileges, a bunch of people stormed ____________________.

• out of the room.

• into Paris and tore down the Eiffel Tower.

• the gates of the royal palace.

• the Bastille, a famous and horrible prison.

Multiple Choice

People in France were tired of all the chaos. They hoped for _________________ to get things in order.

• a strong leader

• God

• another country

• a shoemaker named Bertrand L'Magistere

Multiple Choice

On July 14, 1789, Parisians stormed what place to obtain gunpowder and weapons?

• Eiffel Tower

• Bastille

• Versailles Palace

• Tuileries Palace

Multiple Choice

What is an absolute monarch

• A government that has a president with all the power

• Another form of a democratic government

• A government where the king or queens power is limited

• A government where the king or queen has 100% of the power

Multiple Choice

Most of the people of France belonged to which estate?

• 1st Estate

• 2nd Estate

• 3rd Estate

Multiple Choice

The national Assembly adopted what document?

• The Edict of Nantes

• the constitutions of 1795

• Declaration of the Rights of Man

• Bill of Rights

Multiple Choice

The radicals who took over the revolution were led by

• Louis XVI

• Robespierre

• Rousseau

• Marquis de Lafayette

Multiple Choice

What execution method was most popular during the Reign of Terror?

• hanging

• guillotine

• stoning to death

• brazen bull