AUTOMATED AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

AUTOMATED AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Course Outline

• Automated systems

• Robotics

• Artificial Intelligence

Question

• Automated?

• Examples

Automated systems

• Is a combination of software and hardware (for example, sensors, microprocessors and actuators) that is designed and programmed to work automatically without the need of any human intervention.

​Features of Automated Systems

• sensors

• Microprocessors

• Actuators

Sensors

Sensors are input devices that take readings from their surroundings and send this data to a microprocessor or computer.

Microprocessor

The microprocessor will process the data and
take the necessary action based on programming.

Actuators

A mechanical part that causes another device to or part to move

Select the most appropriate sensor(s)

Multiple Select

An automatic door that opens when a person walks towards it.

• Temperature

  sensor

• Pressure

  sensor

• Light

  sensor

• Accelerometer

• Proximity

Multiple Choice

A greenhouse that opens the windows when it gets too hot.

• Temperature

  sensor

• Pressure

  sensor

• Light

  sensor

• Accelerometer

• Proximity

Multiple Select

A burglar alarm that goes off if any doors or windows are opened, or if a person is detected inside the building.

• Temperature

  sensor

• Pressure

  sensor

• Light

  sensor

• Accelerometer

• Proximity

Multiple Select

A theme park where robots move when a person comes near.

• Temperature

  sensor

• Pressure

  sensor

• Light

  sensor

• Accelerometer

• Proximity

Multiple Choice

A cooling system that turns on the cooler when it gets too hot, and turns on a heater if it's too cold.

• Temperature

  sensor

• Pressure

  sensor

• Light

  sensor

• Accelerometer

• Proximity

Multiple Select

A computer game, when the user moves their tablet computer the character moves.

• Temperature

  sensor

• Pressure

  sensor

• Light

  sensor

• Accelerometer

• Proximity

Multiple Choice

A security light that comes on when it is dark, and turns off when it is daylight.

• Temperature

  sensor

• Pressure

  sensor

• Light

  sensor

• Accelerometer

• Proximity

Advantages of Automated Systems

• Much faster than a human operator to take any necessary action.

• Much safer

• The process is more likely to run under optimum conditions

• In the long run, it is less expensive

Disadvantages of Automated Systems

• Expensive to set up in the first place.

• Always possible for a set of conditions to occur

• Any computerised system is subject to cyberattacks

• Need enhanced maintenance which can be expensive.

Homework

Course Book Question 1 - 3 Page number 129

Robotics

Word Cloud

What is a Robot?

Robotics

• A Robot is a mechanical device that performs an action, usually an action than a human would perform.

• Robotics is a branch of (computer) science that brings together the design, construction and operation of robots.

• Robots can be found in

  • Industries

  • Homes

Characteristics of Robots

• Mechanical structure: This is the body of the robot

• Electrical components such as sensors, Microprocessors and Actuators

• Programmable: they have a ‘brain’ known as a controller that determines the action to be taken to perform a certain task

Multiple Choice

What is one of the primary characteristics that define a robot?

• Ability to make decisions independently

• Ability to fly

• Ability to play music

• Ability to swim

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a typical function of a robot's sensor?

• Movement control

• Power supply

• Data collection from the environment

• Communication with other robots

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic of a robot involves the use of algorithms to interpret data and make decisions?

• Sensory perception

• Actuation

• Power management

• Artificial intelligence

Multiple Choice

What is the term for the part of a robot that enables it to move or manipulate objects?

• Sensor

• Actuator

• Processor

• Battery

Multiple Choice

What is a common characteristic of autonomous robots?

• They require continuous human supervision.

• They can perform tasks without human intervention.

• They can only operate in controlled environments.

• They are designed to mimic human appearance.

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic of robots allows them to adapt to new situations and learn from experience?

• Fixed programming

• Predefined scripts

• Machine learning

• Manual control

Multiple Choice

What type of sensor might an automated system use to detect the presence of an object?

• Temperature sensor

• Proximity sensor

• Humidity sensor

• Pressure sensor

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an advantage of using automated systems?

• Limited flexibility, higher expenses, lower accuracy, and reduced output
• Manual data entry, higher costs, slower processes, and more mistakes
• Decreased efficiency, increased errors, cost increase, and reduced productivity
• Increased efficiency, reduced errors, cost savings, and improved productivity

Multiple Choice

What is an automated system?

• A system that requires manual input for all operations

• A system that operates independently without human intervention

• A system that only performs repetitive tasks

• A system that cannot be controlled remotely

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a key component of an automated system?

• Manual switches

• Human operators

• Sensors and actuators

• Hand tools

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an advantage of using automated systems?

• Increased labor costs

• Decreased precision in tasks

• Consistent and high-quality output

• Increased need for manual supervision

Group Work (In group of three)

• Discuss Robotics in the following contexts

  • The Role of robotics

  • Advantages

  • Disadvantages

• Consider the following industries

  1. Medicine

  2. Industry

  3. Transport

  4. Agriculture

  5. Entertainment

  6. Domestic

Artificial Intelligence

What is AI

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent human behaviour by a computer.

• Or Is the development of programs to stimulate human behaviour.

Areas within AI

• Image recognition: Identify people or objects in an image

• Speech recognition : Identify words spoken and stores

• Computer games : Moving characters independently

• Diagnosis systems : Example medical diagnosis

• Natural Language processing: Receive commands not in programming language and process it.

Components of AI

• Collection of data: Through inputs eg. from users, sensors etc

• A set of programmed rules : For decision making

• Ability to reason: From the set of rules

• Ability to learn and adapt:

Machine Learning

• Machine learning is a sub-set of artificial intelligence (AI), in which algorithm are ‘trained’ and learn from their past experiences and examples.

• One example that uses machine learning are the most sophisticated search engines:

Multiple Choice

What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

• The study of natural human intelligence

• The simulation of human intelligence by machines

• The creation of new electronic gadgets

• The study of plant behavior

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an application of AI?

• Speech recognition

• Image processing

• Natural language processing

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Which AI technique is used to find patterns and make predictions from data?

• Data mining

• Machine learning

• Cryptography

• Networking

Multiple Choice

In AI, what does NLP stand for?

• Natural Language Processing

• Neural Language Programming

• New Logic Patterns

• Non-linear Processing

Multiple Choice

What is the main goal of AI?

• To replace human workers

• To make machines smarter and more efficient

• To create realistic video games

• To control the internet

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a common use of AI in everyday life?

• Vacuum cleaning

• Weather forecasting

• Social media algorithms

• Car manufacturing

Homework

1. Explain the difference between Supervised and unsupervised machine learning

2. Give two differences between AI and Machine Learning

Experts Systems

Expert Systems

• A system that attempt to emulate the expertise of a human, for example Doctors, Engineers etc.

Features of Expert System

• Knowedge base: Stores the list of all facts about an area of expertise

• A rule base: Set of rules used to draw conclusion

• Inference engine: acts like a search engine examining the knowledge base for information/data that matches the queries

• User Interface: Outputs questions and allow a user to respond on the questions

applications that use expert systems

• oil and mineral prospecting

• diagnosis of a patient’s illness

• tax and financial calculations

• strategy games, such as chess

• logistics (efficient routing of parcel deliveries)

Advantages of Expert Systems

• they offer a high level of expertise

• they offer high accuracy

• the results are consistent

• they can make traceable logical solutions and diagnostics

• they provide unbiased reporting and analysis of the facts

• they have very fast response times

disadvantages of expert systems

• Needs considerable trainings

• the set up and maintenance costs are very high

• they are only as good as the information/facts entered into the system

• users sometimes make the very dangerous assumption that they are infallible.