A&P I Chapter 5 Review

Multiple Choice

The skin and accessory structures make up which of the body systems?

• integumentary system

• digestive system

• cardiovascular system

• respiratory system

Multiple Choice

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis?

• keratinized stratifies squamous epithelium

• keratinized simple squamous epithelium

• keratinized dense regular connective tissue

• keratinized dense irregular connective tissue

Multiple Choice

"Thin skin" consists of how many s?

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

Multiple Choice

"Thick skin" consists of how many strata

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

Multiple Select

What parts of the body have thick skin?

• palms

• soles

• head

• butt

Multiple Choice

Which of the following characteristics does NOT describe the epidermis?

• avascular

• have keratinocytes that manufacture and store keratin

• elastin is the fibrous proteins that gives hair, skin, and nails toughness

• primary consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Multiple Choice

Most of the body consists of thin skin.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

The epidermis is arranged into layers that are known as _______.

• strata

• steps

• stages

• layers

Multiple Choice

Which of the following strata have a single layer of basal cells, Merkel cells, melanocytes, and basal lamina underneath?

• stratum corneum

• stratum lucidum

• stratum granulosum

• stratum spinosum

• stratum basale

Multiple Choice

Which of the following strata consists of flattened cells that generate large amounts of fibrous keratin and granular keratohyalin?

• stratum corneum

• stratum lucidum

• stratum granulosum

• stratum spinosum

• stratum basale

Multiple Choice

Which of the following strata consists of layers of dead keratinocytes that protects againt infection, desiccation, abrasion, etc.?

• stratum corneum

• stratum lucidum

• stratum granulosum

• stratum spinosum

• stratum basale

Multiple Choice

Which of the following strata have keratinocytes and dendritic cells that produce keratin and are attached by desmosomes?

• stratum corneum

• stratum lucidum

• stratum granulosum

• stratum spinosum

• stratum basale

Multiple Choice

Which of the following strata is only present in thick skin that consists of densely packed cells filled with keratin and eleidin?

• stratum corneum

• stratum lucidum

• stratum granulosum

• stratum spinosum

• stratum basale

Reorder

Reorder the following layers of the strata of the epidermis from the outermost layer to the innermost layer

• stratum corneum

• stratum lucidum

• stratum granulosum

• stratum spinosum

• stratum basale

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

The dermal projections that project into the epidermas that allow for increased surface area for attachment and cause fingerprints are known as

• dermal papillae

• Meissner corpuscles

• Pacinian corpuscles

• dermal ridges

Multiple Choice

The dermis supports the hypodermis and connects the epidermis to the rest of the body.

• true

• false

Multiple Select

Which of the following characteristics describes the papillary layer of the dermis?

• highly vascularized

• areolar tissue

• meissner's corpuscles

• pacinian corpuscles

• contains capillaries, lymphatic cessels, and sensory neurons

Multiple Select

Which of the following characteristics describes the reticular layer of the dermis?

• highly vascularized

• dense irregular connective tissue

• collagen and elastic fibers

• pacinian corpuscles

• contains accessory organs but lacks vessels and nerves

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the hypodermis?

• mostly adipose tissue

• attaches skin to fascia, separates skin from deeper structures, stabilizes position of skin

• functions in fat storage for energy, insulation, and cushioning

• NOT part of the integument system

• all are true of the hypodermis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following pigments produces a brown-black pigmentation?

• melanin

• carotene

• hemoglobin

• melatonin

Multiple Choice

Which of the following pigments produces a yellow-orange pigmentation?

• melanin

• carotene

• hemoglobin

• melatonin

Multiple Choice

Which of the following pigments produces a red pigmentation?

• melanin

• carotene

• hemoglobin

• melatonin

Multiple Choice

Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes by

• melanosomes

• vesicles

• pigmosomes

• melanocles

Reorder

Reorder the following events

• UV exposure

• stimulates keratinocytes

• wrinklingsignal melanocytes

• increase melanin synthesis

• protect DNA

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

Upregulation of melanin sythesis takes about 2 days.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Melanosomes are destroyed by lysosomes.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Sun exposure leads to cellular damage, wrinkling, DNA damage, and can lead to cancer.

• true

• false

Match

Match the following terms with their definition.

• irregular accumulation of melanocytes

• larger masses of melanocytes

• skin cancer

freckles

moles

melanoma

• freckles

• moles

• melanoma

Multiple Choice

Hemoglobin is found in

• RBCs

• WBCs

• blood

• melanocytes

Multiple Choice

Blood flows to the dermis through the ________________________.

• subpapillary plexus

• hypodermis

• capillaries

• nerve vessels

Multiple Choice

Less blood flow to a region initially results in a _____ color.

• redder

• pale

• dark red

Multiple Choice

More blood flow to a region initially results in a _____ color.

• redder

• pale

• dark red

Multiple Choice

Lower oxygen levels makes hemoglobin ____________.

• redder

• pale

• dark red

Multiple Choice

When hemoglobin is dark red, it has a bluish color from the surface. This is known as

• cyanosis

• acidosis

• alkalosis

• hemolysis

Multiple Choice

The bluish color of the skin is most apparently seen in places like the lips or below the nails.

• true

• false

Match

Match the following hair structures

• not anchored in follicle; mostly dead, strongly keratinized cells in 2-3 layers

• anchored in follicle

• deep, expanding end of follicle; surrounded by nerve endings, stimulated by bending the hair

• dermal intrusion containing capillaries

• epidermal penetration of dermis

hair shaft

hair root

hair bulb

hair papilla

hair follicle

• hair shaft

• hair root

• hair bulb

• hair papilla

• hair follicle

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a function of hair?

• protection

• sensory input

• thermoregulation

• communication

• water proofing

Multiple Choice

Hair is found on about 25% of the general body surface.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Hair is a living structure.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which type of hair is large, coarse, and darkly pigmented?

• terminal hairs

• vellus hairs

Multiple Choice

Which type of hair is smaller, shorter, and delicate?

• terminal hairs

• vellus hairs

Match

Match the following structures of the hair follicle

• peg of connective tissue filled with blood vessels and nerves

• actively dividing basal cells in contact with hair papilla

• layer of daughter cells formed at the center of the matrix

• intermediate layer deep to the cuticle

• daughter cells produced at edges of teh matrix; forms surface of the hair

hair papilla

hair matrix

medulla

cortex

cuticle

• hair papilla

• hair matrix

• medulla

• cortex

• cuticle

Multiple Choice

Which of the following structures of the nail is composed of densely packed, dead keratinocytes; forms on the nail bed; protects the distal extremities; back-support for picking up small objects?

• nail body

• nail fold

• nail bed

• lunula

Match

Match the following nail structures

• lateral to nail body

• cuticle

• area under free nail edge

• pale, crescent-shaped area near root

• infection at the nail fold

lateral nail fold

eponychium

hyponychium

lunula

paronychia

• lateral nail fold

• eponychium

• hyponychium

• lunula

• paronychia

Multiple Select

Which of the following glands produce sweat?

• sudoriferous glands

• eccrine glands

• apocrine glands

• sebaceous glands

Multiple Choice

Which of the following glands produce oil?

• sudoriferous glands

• eccrine glands

• apocrine glands

• sebaceous glands

Multiple Choice

Which of the following glands produces hypotonic sweat that functions in thermoregulation (found in hands, feet, and forehead)?

• sudoriferous glands

• eccrine glands

• apocrine glands

• sebaceous glands

Multiple Choice

Which of the following glands secretes water, salts, and organic compounds and produce smell/body ordor (found near hair follicles)?

• sudoriferous glands

• eccrine glands

• apocrine glands

• sebaceous glands

Multiple Choice

Which of the following glands secretes sebum to aid in waterproofing, lubricate, moisturize, and help keep skin pliable?

• sudoriferous glands

• eccrine glands

• apocrine glands

• sebaceous glands

Multiple Choice

Which of the following glands works through apocrine secretion?

• sudoriferous glands

• eccrine glands

• apocrine glands

• sebaceous glands

Multiple Choice

Which of the following glands works through holocrine secretion?

• sudoriferous glands

• eccrine glands

• apocrine glands

• sebaceous glands

Multiple Choice

Which of the following glands works through apocrine secretion?

• sudoriferous glands

• eccrine glands

• apocrine glands

• sebaceous glands

Multiple Choice

Sebaceous glands are hormone controlled.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the function of skin that is there to protect underlying tissues and organs against impact, abrasion, fluid loss, and chemical attack?

• protection

• sensory

• thermoregulation

• synthesis of vitamin D3

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a way that the skin protects the body?

• excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes by glands

• production of melanin

• production of keratin

• storage of lipids

• release hormones into the bloodstream

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the function of skin that detects touch, pressure, pain, and temperature and relays that info to the nervous system?

• protection

• sensory

• thermoregulation

• synthesis of vitamin D3

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the function of skin that maintains normal body temperature through insulation or evaporative cooling?

• protection

• sensory

• thermoregulation

• synthesis of vitamin D3

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the function of skin that synthesizes a steriod that is important for normal calcium metabolism?

• protection

• sensory

• thermoregulation

• synthesis of vitamin D3

Match

Match the following sensory receptors of the skin

• sensitive to touch and pressure; between epidermal cells

• detect texture and steady pressure; found in deepest layter of epidermis extending into dermis

• detect light touch, pressure, and vibration; found in papillary layer

• detect vibration and deep pressure; found in both dermal layers and in hypodermis

free nerve endings

Merkel cells

Meissner's corpuscles

Pacinian corpuscles

• free nerve endings

• Merkel cells

• Meissner's corpuscles

• Pacinian corpuscles

Dropdown

When your normal body temperature is low, your blood vessels will ​

Select answer

causing the blood to retain heat. This is known as ​

Select answer

. When your normal body temperature is high, your blood vessels will ​

Select answer

causing the blood to lose heat. This is known as ​

Select answer

.

Drag and Drop

When ​

Placeholder

hits the skin, cells in the stratum spinosum and basale convert ​

Placeholder

into ​

Placeholder

. This vitamin travels to the ​

Placeholder

and is turned into an intermediary product. This product is used by the kidneys to synthesize ​

Placeholder

which stimulates calcium and phosphate ion absorption.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

cholecalciferol

steriod compound

UV radiation

liver

calcitriol

Multiple Choice

Cholecalciferol can be obtained from the diet.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Inadequate vitamin D in children leads to

• rickets

• osteomalacia

• hypercalcemia

• hypernatremia

Multiple Choice

Inadequate vitamin D in the elderly leads to

• rickets

• osteomalacia

• hypercalcemia

• hypernatremia

Multiple Choice

Skin cancer can be caused by UV damage to the DNA

• true

• false

Match

Match the following rules for the development of cancer

• the two sides are not symmetrical

• the edges are irregular in shape

• varied shades of brown or black

• it is larger than 6 mm

• the shape has changed over time

asymmetrical

borders

color

diameter

evolving

• asymmetrical

• borders

• color

• diameter

• evolving

Match

Match the following types of skin cancer

• most common type; affects mitotically active basal cells; low metastatic rate

• 2nd most common; affects keratinocytes of stratum spinosum; more aggressive; can metastasize

• usually develops from a mole; affects melanocytes; highest metastatic rate; most fatal type

basal cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

melanoma

• basal cell carcinoma

• squamous cell carcinoma

• melanoma

Match

Match the following

• genetic condition characterized by inability to produce melanin

• autoimmunde disorder; loss of function of melanocytes; patchy appearance of skin

• allergic condition characterized by dry, itchy patches and rash-like appearance

albinism

vitiligo

eczema

• albinism

• vitiligo

• eczema

Match

Match the following

• collagen-rich, fibrous skin; does not regenerate accessory structures

• collagen production does not stop when woud healing is complete

• pressure sores

• skin stretches beyond elastic limits

• constant abrasion stimulates stratum basale

scars

keloids

bedsores

stretch marks

calluses

• scars

• keloids

• bedsores

• stretch marks

• calluses

Multiple Choice

Wounds that always appear hollow are known as atropic scars.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

The result of over-productive sebaceous glands is known as

• acne

• keloids

• scars

• calluses

Reorder

Reorder the following phases when repairing the integument

• inflammatory

• migratory

• proliferation

• scarring

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

An injury that is caused by intense heat, radiation, electricity, or chemicals is known as

• scars

• keloids

• burns

• acne

Multiple Select

Which of the following are ways in which a burn could be classified?

• rule of nines

• degree of severity

• portions of body parts affected

• symtoms of patient

Match

Match the following severity of burns

• only the surface of the epidermis is affected; painful

• entire epidermis and maybe some of the dermis is damaged; blistering, pain, and swelling occur

• destroys epidermis, dermis, and into the hypodermis; less painful; skin graft needed

• damage to all of the layers of skin and muscle and possibly bone; not painful; skin graft needed

first-degree burn

second-degree burn

third-degree burn

fourth-degree burn

• first-degree burn

• second-degree burn

• third-degree burn

• fourth-degree burn

Match

Match the following skin functions affected by burns

• skin loses effectiveness as a barrier

• increased evaporative cooling; requires more energy to maintain body temperature

• dampness encourages bacterial growth; sepsis

fluid and electrolyte balance

thermoregulation

protection from infection

• fluid and electrolyte balance

• thermoregulation

• protection from infection

Match

Match the following types of grafts

• patient's own undamaged skin

• frozen skin from a cadaver

• animal skin

autograft

allograft

xenograft

• autograft

• allograft

• xenograft

Multiple Choice

Which type of graft is a transfer of epidermis and superficial portions of the dermis?

• split-thickness graft

• full-thickness graft

Multiple Choice

Which type of graft is a transfer of epidermis and both layers of the dermis?

• split-thickness graft

• full-thickness graft

Multiple Select

Which of the following is an age-related change in the skin?

• fewer melanocytes

• drier epidermis

• thinning epidermis

• thinning dermis

• greater blood supply

Multiple Select

Which of the following is an age-related change in the skin?

• diminished immune response

• decreased perspiration

• slower skin repair

• fewer active follicles

• reduced blood supply

Multiple Choice

As individuals age, the fat and hair distribution begin to alter.

• true

• false