G10 Lesson 2

THIS OR
THAT

Activity:

Poll

THIS OR THAT

Poll

THIS OR THAT

Poll

THIS OR THAT?

Poll

THIS OR THAT?

Poll

THIS OR THAT?

Poll

THIS OR THAT?

Poll

THIS OR THAT?

OR

which of the two image

reflects a developed society?

Word Cloud

How would you characterize a developed society?

UNDERSTANDING

LESSON 2

DEVELOPMENT:

GLOBALIZATION&SUSTAINABILITY

Learning Targets:

I can explain the key concepts of globalization and
sustainability.

I can determine the causes, dimensions, and
impacts of globalization.

I can evaluate the primary institution that plays a
role in globalization (government, schools, mass
media, multinational corporations, NGOs, and
international organizations).

DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

The term 'development' can be used in three ways (Thomas, 2000):

Development as a vision means how desirable it is for society
and to take society in the desirable direction

Development is a historical process that upholds social change
over some time. It is inevitable, and its processes are continuous

Development as action focuses on deliberate efforts to bring
change and make it better.

‘a long participatory process of social
change in the society whose objective is
the material and social progress for
most of the population through a better
understanding of their environment”
(Rogers, 1990:30). The following are
considered

to

be

the

essential

components of development: economic
growth; equity in the allocation of
societal

resources

to

meet

human

needs; and participation in decisions on
the use of these resources

development

GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION

refers to the transfer, adaptation and development of
values, knowledge, technology and behavioral norms
across countries and societies in different parts of the
world; it is characterized by the growth of global
networking, global transfer, and interflow in technological,
economic, social, political, cultural and learning aspects;
international alliances and competitions (Cheng, 2003)

a term used to describe how trade and

technology have made the world into a more

connected and interdependent place

GLOBALIZATION

In what ways do youIn what ways do you
observe globalizationobserve globalization

in your daily life?in your daily life?

CAUSES AND DRIVING FORCECAUSES AND DRIVING FORCE

OF GLOBALIZATIONOF GLOBALIZATION

TRADE AND
TRANSPORT

TECHNOLOGICAL

INTERCONNECTIVITY

INSTITUTIONS
AND POLICIES

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1ST WAVE OF GLOBALIZATION
1ST WAVE OF GLOBALIZATION

EUROPEAN
COLONIALISM
EXPLORATION

AGE OF

SEARCH FOR

TRADE ROUTES

LABOR AND
RESOURCES

2ND WAVE OF GLOBALIZATION2ND WAVE OF GLOBALIZATION

WORLD WIDE
WEB(INTERNET)

INFORMATION

AGE OF

MEDIA AND

COMMUNICATION

NEOCOLONIALISMNEOCOLONIALISM

CORPORATE

COLONIALISM

CONTEMPORARY GLOBALIZATIONCONTEMPORARY GLOBALIZATION

DEPENDENCY
ECONOMIC

TRADE, LABOR
& RESOURCES

The core depends on the periphery for
raw materials, food, and cheap labor,
and the periphery depends on the core
for manufactured goods, services, and

governmental support. Core regions
control the corporate markets that
energize and fuel global activity.

economic dependencyeconomic dependency

Core regions control the corporate markets that

energize and fuel global activity.

Development and the usage of technology has opened up the borders of the world and

makes the economical, political, and cultural globalization easier. These three dimensions

of globalization are intertwined and brings effect to one another.

DIMENSIONS OF
GLOBALIZATION

economiceconomic

culturalcultural

politicalpolitical

ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATIONECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

Internationalization of

Bottery (2003), argues that the economic globalization is best

characterized as the convergence of three different factors:

1 Capital Markets

Capital Markets

International finance came into being to serve the
needs of international trade and investment
activities. Residents of different countries trade
assets through international capital market linked
by sophisticated communications systems.

2

Multinational & TransnationalMultinational & Transnational
CORPORATIONS

AS CAPITALISM BECAME MORE PREVALENT,
BUSINESSES

WERE

ABLE

TO

EXPAND

GLOBALLY,

OPERATING

IN

MANY

COUNTRIES

AND

ACTING

FOR

MONOPOLIZING INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL,
TRADE, COMMERCE AND PRODUCTION
AND DISTRIBUTION OF GOODS

How do MNCs/TNCs affect the localHow do MNCs/TNCs affect the local

economy of other countries?economy of other countries?

DOMINATION OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS MAKE IT NEXT
TO IMPOSSIBLE FOR SMALL, LOCAL PRODUCERS TO COMPETE

MNCs WERE ABLE TO DELOCALIZE THEIR PRODUCTION TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF

CHEAP LABOR COSTS AND THE VERY LOW SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND

SAFETY STANDARDS OFFERED BY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

3

International
Economic OrganizationsEconomic Organizations

POLICIES FOR INTERNATIONAL

TRADE; TO REDUCE TRADE BARRIERS

The World Bank
World Trade

Organization (WTO)

International

Monetary Fund (IMF)

FUNDS LONG-TERM INVESTMENT
PROJECTS, INSTITUTION-BUILDING

IN RECIPIENT COUNTRIES

STABILITY OF THE GLOBAL
MONETARY SYSTEM AND

MONITORING THE CURRENCIES

International businesses can benefit from
ASEAN’s FTA network in the form of reduced

importer costs, improved custom clearances,
and increased access to products eligible for

preferential treatment. Moreover, there are

numerous tax and fiscal benefits such as tax

holidays and deductions.

ASEAN and Its
Trade Partners

POLITICAL GLOBALIZATIONPOLITICAL GLOBALIZATION

Political globalization refers to the absence of the absolute sovereignty of a state’s
political borders over a certain area as well as increased interaction between the

systems of government and increased external intervention and interaction on the
basis of democracy, non-governmental organizations, human rights, and freedoms.

Setting up international organizations such as the UN, NATO, WTO,
which debates and regulate international politics and trade.

The rise of Multinational Agreements to develop Shared Norms.

The emergence of the Concept of the Global Citizen.

‘Until the end of the Second World War, national governments were

traditionally responsible for ensuring the welfare of their citizens,
however since 1945, more and more governments have become

members of International Institutions, such as the United Nations and

the European Union, through which they agree to stick to

International guidelines on issues such as citizenship and human

rights. In this way, global political ideals restrict the freedom of

governments to shape domestic social policy. ‘

Anthony Giddens (2009)

notes the following features of Political Globalisation

Treaty on the Southeast

Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free

Zone

On 15 December 1995, ASEAN Member
States signed the Treaty of Southeast

Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone

(SEANWFZ Treaty) as a commitment to
preserve the Southeast Asian region
as a region free of nuclear and other

weapons of mass destruction.

CULTURAL GLOBALIZATIONCULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

Cultural globalization arises from increased
cultural flows (ideas, customs, and social
behaviour)

across

the

world.

‘

The

globalization of culture is often primarily
attributed to international mass media. New
technologies such as satellite television and
the Internet have created a steady flow of
images and messages which have had a
strong effect on cultures and communities,
profoundly

impacting

the

way

people

experience their everyday lives.

THE

PERVADING

PRESENCE

OF

AMERICAN CONSUMER GOODS SUCH
AS COCA-COLA, PEPSI AND LEVI’S IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES REPRESENTS
AMERICAN CULTURAL EXPANSION

coca-
colonization

Western clothing stores expanded to Asia,
and more consumers were introduced to an

“American” wardrobe, fast-paced trends

and denim-wear

Is globalization,Is globalization,

good or bad?good or bad?

Access to jobs and labor: Globalization gives all
nations access to a wider labor pool. Developing
nations often gain access to jobs in the form of
work that’s been outsourced by wealthier nations.

Access to goods, services and resources: One of
the primary reasons nations trade is to gain
access to resources

The ability for nations to “specialize”: Global and
regional cooperation allow nations to heavily lean
into their economic strengths, knowing they can
trade products for other resources.

IMPACTS OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATIONIMPACTS OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

BENEFITSBENEFITS

PROMOTES ECONOMIC GROWTH 1.

Wealthy, industrialized nations enter trade
agreements with developing countries in order
to exploit weak labor and environmental laws.
Lack of environmental regulations in some
developing countries also allows developed
countries to import resources at lower prices.
This results in both lasting environmental
damage and human rights abuses.

RISKS / DISADVANTAGESRISKS / DISADVANTAGES

EXPLOITATION OF LABOREXPLOITATION OF LABOR

AND RESOURCESAND RESOURCES

11..

A trade imbalance, also known as a trade deficit,
occurs when a country spends more on imports
than it makes on exports. This creates a shortfall
in capital that the country must make up for
either by borrowing money from foreign lenders
or permitting foreign investments in its assets.
While lending and investment help promote
economic growth, these strategies can be risky—
especially for a developing country.

RISKS / DISADVANTAGESRISKS / DISADVANTAGES

2. IMBALANCED TRADE2. IMBALANCED TRADE

AND INEQUALITYAND INEQUALITY

sdgpulse.unctad.org

When industrialized countries outsource
labor, it causes a shortage of jobs
domestically. Laborers whose skills are
no longer in demand experience higher
unemployment, and struggle to adapt to
the changing labor market.

RISKS / DISADVANTAGESRISKS / DISADVANTAGES

3. UNEMPLOYMENT3. UNEMPLOYMENT

ACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL AID AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT
IT CONTRIBUTES TO WORLD PEACE. IT REDUCES RISK OF INVASIONS,
MORE CHECKS ON BIG POWERS AND LIMITATION ON NATIONALISM
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ARE OFTEN COMMITTED TO SPREAD
VALUES LIKE FREEDOM AND TO FIGHT ABUSES WITHIN COUNTRIES
GOVERNMENTS CAN LEARN FROM EACH OTHER
PROMOTES TOLERANCE AS PEOPLE ARE EXPOSED TO NEW CULTURES
AND NETWORK WITH OTHERS ACROSS THE GLOBE

IMPACTS OF POLITICAL GLOBALIZATIONIMPACTS OF POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION

INCREASED GLOBALINCREASED GLOBAL
COOPERATION AND TOLERANCECOOPERATION AND TOLERANCE

BENEFITSBENEFITS

The functioning of international and supranational
organizations is often not “democratic” in terms of
representation and accountability
Big countries can shape decisions in supranational
organizations
Sometimes countries can veto decisions and slow
down decision making processes
Coordination is difficult and expensive

RISKS / DISADVANTAGESRISKS / DISADVANTAGES

THREAT TO THREAT TO STATE SOVEREIGNTYSTATE SOVEREIGNTY

IMPACTS OF CULTURAL GLOBALIZATIONIMPACTS OF CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

BENEFITSBENEFITS

Access to new information and cultural
products (art, entertainment, education)
Better understanding of foreign values and
attitudes. Less stereotyping and fewer
misconceptions about other people and culture
Capacity to communicate and defend one’s
values and ideals globally
Customisation or adaptation of global cultural
trends to local environment

SPREAD OF COMMODITY-BASEDSPREAD OF COMMODITY-BASED
CONSUMER CULTURECONSUMER CULTURE

DANGERS OF DANGERS OF CULTURALCULTURAL

HOMOGENIZATIONHOMOGENIZATION; WESTERNIZATION,; WESTERNIZATION,

OR CULTURAL IMPERIALISMOR CULTURAL IMPERIALISM

DANGEROUS OR DANGEROUS OR VIOLENT IDEALS CANVIOLENT IDEALS CAN

ALSO SPREAD FASTERALSO SPREAD FASTER

RISKS / DISADVANTAGESRISKS / DISADVANTAGES

CORPORATE ADVERTISING PORTRAYS NOT-SO-SUBTLE IMAGES THAT GLORIFY WESTERN

TASTE, DRESS, FOOD AND LIFESTYLE AS BEING A SIGN OF PROGRESS, WHILE NON-

WESTERN TRADITIONAL VALUES AND CULTURES ARE VIEWED AS BACKWARD AND OUT OF

DATE

“FOR GLOBALIZATION TO ULTIMATELY BE BENEFICIAL TO EVERYONE-THE
RICH AND THE POOR- ALL MUST HAVE CERTAIN LEVELS OF CAPACITY
THAT PERMIT THEM TO EFFECTIVELY PARTICIPATE IN THE GAME. IT WAS

CLEAR THAT GLOBALIZATION BENEFITED THOSE WHO HAD THE

CAPACITY TO HARNESS IT, BUT COULD BE VERY DETRIMENTAL TO

THOSE WHOM IT FOUND UNPREPARED.”

APOLO NSIBAMBI, Former Prime Minister of Uganda
UN panel discussion on ‘Globalization and the State’

Learning Targets:Learning Targets:

I can explain the concept of sustainable
development.

I can discuss the historical development of
the idea of sustainable development.

Evaluate

the

importance

of

sustainable

development in the contemporary world.

The quest for a fair globalization must be underpinned by the interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars of economic

development, social development and environmental protection at the local, national, regional and global levels.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

"SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
IS DEVELOPMENT THATMEETS

THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT
WITHOUT COMPROMISING

THE ABILITY OF FUTURE

GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR

OWN NEEDS."

- Brundtland Report, 1987

GRO HARLEM
BRUNDTLAND

Former Prime Minister of Norway,

she chaired the UN World Commission

on Environment and Development

KEY CONCEPTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NEEDS
NEEDS

LIMITATIONS
LIMITATIONS

the essential needs of the world's poor, to
which overriding priority should be given

the environment's ability to meet

present and future needs

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), also known as the Global
Goals, were adopted by the United
Nations in 2015 as a universal call to
action to end poverty, protect the
planet, and ensure that by 2030 all
people enjoy peace and prosperity.

The 17 SDGs are integrated—they
recognize that action in one area
will affect outcomes in others, and
that development must balance
social, economic and
environmental sustainability.

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OFWHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF

ATTAINING SUSTAINABLEATTAINING SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT GOALS?DEVELOPMENT GOALS?

WHAT CAN YOU
CONTRIBUTE?

Das, D. K. (2004). The economic dimensions of globalization. Palgrave Macmillan.

Driving Factors of Globalization: An Empirical Analysis of the Developed and Developing Countries. (n.d.). IMSciences. Retrieved September 7, 2024,

from https://imsciences.edu.pk/files/journals/vol-10/Paper%206.pdf

History of SD · What is sustainable development · Sustainable Development Commission. (n.d.). Sustainable Development Commission. Retrieved

September 5, 2024, from https://www.sd-commission.org.uk/pages/history_sd.html

Hosen, S. . (2020). What is the Driving Force of Globalization?. International Journal of Publication and Social Studies, 5(2), 90–100.

https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.135.2020.52.90.100

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Economy. EH.Net, H-Net Reviews. August, 2000. http://www.hnet.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=4398

MODULE 1: What are the Sustainable Development Goals? (n.d.). SALTO-YOUTH. Retrieved September 7, 2024, from https://www.salto-

youth.net/downloads/toolbox_tool_download-file-2422/Module%201_EN.pdf

Stobierski, T. (2021, April 15). 4 Effects of Globalization on the Environment. HBS Online. Retrieved September 7, 2024, from

https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/globalization-effects-on-environment

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