Unit 1 Summative Exam Review

Multiple Choice

A new antibiotic is introduced to fight off a bacterial infection. Most of the bacteria die, but a few have a genetic mutation that makes them resistant to the antibiotic.

Which statement best explains how the antibiotic eventually becomes less effective over time?

• The resistant bacteria share their immunity with the non-resistant ones.

• The resistant bacteria die but their genetic material is passed to others.

• The resistant bacteria survive and reproduce, leading to a population of resistant bacteria.

• The resistant bacteria are weakened by the antibiotic but eventually recover.

Multiple Choice

In the Amazon rainforest, scientists have discovered a hummingbird, Trochilus longirostris, with a beak that measures 12 cm in length. This hummingbird feeds on the nectar of a flowering plant, Heliconia maxima, which has tubular flowers that are 10 cm long.

How is the hummingbird's beak size an adaptation for its environment?

• The hummingbird can avoid predators more effectively.

• The hummingbird can access nectar from flowers that other birds cannot reach.

• The hummingbird can store more food in its beak.

• The hummingbird can migrate longer distances without stopping.

Multiple Choice

In 2022, scientists discovered a fossilized tooth that belongs to a newly identified species of prehistoric bird. Based on the evidence, scientists hypothesize that this bird species evolved from earlier bird ancestors about 15 million years ago.

Which of these resources did the scientists most likely rely on to form their hypothesis?

• A map showing the migration patterns of modern birds in the region where the fossil was found.

• Observations of nesting behaviors and feeding habits of modern birds closely related to the newly discovered species.

• The fossil record and comparative analysis of tooth morphology and bone structure between the new bird species and earlier ancestors.

• Historical records of climate changes in the region where the fossil was found.

Multiple Choice

Cytochrome c is a protein that is found in the mitochondria of all aerobic eukaryotic cells. The gene sequence for cytochrome c has been mapped and analyzed for thousands of species. The table shows the percentage of the cytochrome c amino sequence that different species have in common.

Which list is ordered from the species most closely related to the mouse to the species least closely related to the mouse?

• Chimpanzee, Horse, Donkey, Lamprey

• Donkey, Horse, Chimpanzee, Lamprey

• Lamprey, Donkey, Horse, Chimpanzee

• Horse, Donkey, Lamprey, Chimpanzee

Multiple Choice

In an experiment, what is the independent variable (IV)?

• The variable that remains constant throughout the experiment.

• The variable that is measured or observed as a result of the experiment.

• The variable that the scientist changes or manipulates to test its effect

• The variable that depends on the results of the experiment.

Multiple Choice

In an experiment, what is the dependent variable (DV)?

• The variable that is measured to determine the effect of the independent variable.

• The variable that remains unchanged throughout the experiment

• The variable that the scientist changes to see its effect.

• The variable that is kept constant to ensure a fair test.

Multiple Choice

A student decides to study the effect of different types of soil on the growth rate of plants.

What is the Independent Variable (IV)?

• Type of Soil

• Growth Rate

• Amount of Water (ml/day)

• Plant #

Multiple Choice

A student decides to study the effect of different types of soil on the growth rate of plants.

What is the Dependent Variable (IV)?

• Type of Soil

• Plant #

• Growth Rate (cm/week)

• (Amount of Water (ml/day)

Multiple Choice

Which factor is essential for natural selection to occur in a population?

• No competition for resources

• Genetic variation among individuals

• Random mutations

• A stable climate

Multiple Choice

The whale and the hippopotamus both give birth to live young and nurse their offspring.

This provides evidence that these mammals--

• share a common evolutionary ancestor

• have the same lifespan

• are adapted to live in similar environments

• belong to the same family

Multiple Choice

In a region where snow covers the ground for much of the year, the population of white-furred rabbits increased significantly over time.

Which statement best explains why the population of white-furred rabbits increased?

• Brown-furred rabbits were better camouflaged in the snow.

• White-furred rabbits were less likely to be seen by predators.

• The rabbits developed thicker fur, helping them survive colder temperatures.

• White-furred rabbits migrated to areas with higher snowfall.

Multiple Choice

Some organisms have traits that enhance their ability to survive and reproduce.

If these traits increase their chances of survival and reproduction, which of the following is most likely to increase?

• The frequency of the traits in the population

• The variety of traits in one individual

• The number of traits in one chromosome

• The total number of traits in the species

Multiple Choice

What does gene flow increase in a population?

• Mutation rates

• Genetic diversity

• Population size

• Genetic drift

Multiple Choice

What occurs when a small group from a population starts a new population in a different area?

• Genetic Drift: Genetic bottleneck

• Genetic Drift: Founder effect

• Gene flow

• Natural selection

Multiple Choice

What happens when a large population is drastically reduced in size by an event like a natural disaster?

• Gene Flow

• Genetic Drift: Founder effect

• Artificial selection

• Genetic Drift: Population bottleneck

Multiple Choice

What is a random change in the DNA sequence of an organism called?

• Artificial Selection

• Mutation

• Natural selection

• Gene flow

Multiple Choice

Which process involves individuals with traits better suited to their environment having a higher chance of survival and reproduction?

• Natural selection

• Gene flow

• Genetic drift

• Artificial selection

Multiple Choice

What is the term for humans selectively breeding organisms to enhance desired traits?

• Artificial selection

• Natural selection

• Genetic drift

• Mutation

Multiple Choice

The Galápagos Islands, located in the Pacific Ocean, are home to several distinct species of finches, including the small ground finch and the large ground finch. Despite living on different islands, these species have adapted to their specific environments.

Which evolutionary process is primarily responsible for these adaptations?

• Genetic drift within the finch populations

• Natural selection of traits suited to different environments

• Gene flow between the finch species

• Mutations in the finch populations

Multiple Choice

An analysis of DNA and RNA sequences can be used to classify organisms. A dendrogram, such as the one shown below, is based on molecular data. It can be used to represent evolutionary relationships within a group of organisms that are hypothesized to have.

Which statement is best supported by the information in this dendrogram?

• Brown bears are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to sun bears.

• Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to raccoons.

• Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to raccoons than they are to giant pandas.

• The bear species are all more genetically similar to dogs than they are to giant pandas.

Multiple Choice

What are fossils?

• Structures formed by volcanic activity

• The preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past

• The chemical residues left by ancient minerals

• Modern artifacts used for scientific study

Multiple Choice

The figure shows fossilized and modern-day beetles from the family Carabidae. Fossilized beetles have significantly larger mandibles compared to those of living beetles.

Which question would BEST help determine whether the change in mandible size in beetles was influenced by natural selection?

• Is the mandible size of male beetles different from that of females?

• What is the relationship between the mandible size and body size of beetles?

• Do fossilized beetles have a larger body size compared to modern beetles?

• How does the mandible size of beetles vary across different habitats?

Multiple Choice

As part of a conservation effort, a small group of cheetahs is relocated to a remote sanctuary. After a few generations, scientists observe that the cheetahs have very low genetic diversity.

Which evolutionary mechanism BEST explains the low level of genetic variation observed in these cheetahs?

• Genetic Drift: Founder effect

• Mutation

• Genetic Drift: Population Bottleneck

• Gene Flow

Open Ended

What are the two types of Homologous Structures?