EFA-BSA-A

Emergency First Aid
CSA Basic - A






by Montreal First Aid

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www.cpr.heartANDstroke.ca
*We're in the Eastern Standard Time Zone

Write your name and HSF ID
(not your college ID) on the paper circulating around.

Registration

Ice breaker

Your instructor
SJ Jessica Lee

Who am I? What are my experience? How I teach this course.

• Bleeding

• Burns& frostbites

• Heat & cold emergencies

• Head & spinal injuries

• Heart attack & angina

• Stroke & transient ischemic attack

Afternoon

• Emergency scene management

• CPR

• Choking

• AED

• Shock

Morning

Agenda

• Asthma

• Anaphylaxis

• Diabetes

• Seizure

• Mental health

• Exam!

Role of the first aider
(~~you~~)

3 P's of first aid

First - physical safety!

Multiple Select

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes...
Select all that apply

• Pocket knife

• Mask

• Gloves

• Safety scissor

PPE

Gloves
-- when there is a possibility of dealing directly with bodily fluid.

Masks & googles
-- when there is a possibility that blood will be splashed.
-- when there is a possibility of air-borne disease.

1.Watch the demo.

2.Attempt it yourself.

You can wear these gloves while practicing today if you wish.

Demo
Removing gloves safely

Laws protecting first aiders

Civil Code of Quebec

You are obligated to help when someone's life is in danger
- by at least calling 911 (your safety comes BEFORE your patient).

You are protected from lawsuits as long as you...

You are also covered if injured or personal properties damaged during an intervention.

Multiple Choice

When your first aid certificate expires, can you still practice first aid and help someone?

• You can still help someone to the best of your ability!

• You cannot help anyone unless you have an active certificate.

Emergency Scene Management (ESM)

How to approach your patient

video then a summary

Large complexes.
-- CEGEP
-- SHOPPING MALL

Security

Home
On the street

911

911 or security

Multiple Select

What kind of information the 911 operator needs to know?

Select all that apply.

• The number of patient(s)

• The approximate age of each patient.

• The main problem with each patient.

• The precise location

Practice the ESM



stop after you assess breathing

Multiple Choice

Which part of the chain of survival corresponds to you as a first aider?

(chain of survival 2025)

• First link

• First 3 links

• Last 3 links

• None

Adult CPR & AED

Adult - 8 years old or over
Child - 1 to 8 years old
Infant - less than 1 year old

Video -
Compressions
(position, depth, rate & recoil)

Practice -
Compressions
with Staying Alive

Practice -
Compressions
with Pink Pony Club

Practice -
Compressions
with Just Dance

Video -
breaths
(head tilt - chin lift)

Multiple Select

Acceptable CPR combinations in real life.

Select all that apply.

• 30 compressions

  then 2 breaths

• 30 compressions,

  a few seconds of rests

  no breath

• Continuous compressions

• Continuous breaths

Practice -
breaths

Practice -
CPR
with I will survive

Practice -
CPR
with Du Hast

Practice -
CPR
with Final Countdown

Draw

Symbol of an AED

Automatic External Defibrillator

Demo AED then Practice -
Patient unconscious and not breathing normally &
Two first aiders

What if.... for AED

The patient is wet.
The patient is pregnant.
The patient is a child (1-8 years old).
The patient has a medical patch on the chest.
The patient has a pacemaker.
2025 standard - you can adjust the bras
instead of removing it.

Choking

Stage 1 - noise / coughing
-- Prepare
Stage 2 - no noise
-- ALTERNATING 5 back blows and
5 Abdominal thrusts/chest compressions.
Stage 3 - unconscious
-- CPR & look into the mouth. If you see anything, take it out.

What if.... for choking

The patient is very tall.
The patient is very short.
The patient is much larger than you.
The patient is in an wheelchair.
The patient is pregnant.


You are the patient and you are alone.

Home

Open in new tab

Copy link

Opiods overdose

Opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, etc.
Very slow breathing or not breathing.
Need CPR and if available apply nasal naloxone (Narcan).


Disposal of sharp objects.

Emergency Scene Management (ESM)

How to approach your patient

Home

Open in new tab

Copy link

Multiple Choice

Main purpose of the scene survey.

• Make sure you have access to a first aid kit.

• Verify the patient can pay

• Check to make sure the scene is safe

• Make sure there is a bystander who can bring you coffee

Multiple Choice

Main purpose of the primary survey.

• Make sure you have access to a first aid kit.

• Make sure you have at least one bystander to help you.

• Check to make sure the scene is safe

• Determine if the patient's life is in danger.

Multiple Choice

If an adult is unconscious and cannot say yes when you ask for consent, then you cannot help him/her.

• Sadly this is true.

• False, you have the implied consent

Emergency scene management

Scene survey
-- safety & consent
-- bystander(s)
-- mechanism of injuries
Primary survey
-- level of consciousness
-- airway, breathing, skin
-- rapid body survey

Level of consciousness
-- A for alert
-- V for verbal
-- P for pain
-- U for unresponsive
Skin
-- Colour
-- Temperature
-- Moisture level

Effective communication

What are the best practices?

What if the patient cannot speak?
What if the patient cannot see?
What if the patient cannot move?
What if the patient cannot hear?
What if the patient is a small child?

Special -
First aid in the workplace

Special -
When the first responders arrive...

Shock

circulatory failure

Multiple Select

What can cause shock?

Select all that apply.

• Heart problems

• Bleeding

• Problems with blood sugar

• Head trauma

• Breathing problem

Shock

Sign and symptoms
-- pale cool clammy skin

Treatment
-- comfort
-- warm
-- treat the cause
-- 911

Recovery position

When the patient is
-- lying on his/her back
-- unconscious
-- breathing
-- and you need to step away

Fainting

Lose of consciousness for just a few minutes.
Different causes.

Patient positions:
-- Recovery position
-- Semi-sitting position
-- Tripod position

Trauma

Dressing a wound with a triangular bandage or a roller gauze.
Checking distal circulation.
Care for internal bleeding.
Care for bruising (RICE).
Care for amputation.

• Rest

• Ice

• Compression

• Elevation

Trauma

Head bandage
Embedded object
Palm of hand injury

Major external bleeding

Direct pressure
Hemostatic dressing
Tourniquet

Draw

Where to apply the tourniquet?

Draw it on the picture.

Burns

Types of burns
-- electrical, chemical, thermal, radiation

Burn severity
-- depth & % body burned
-- location
-- burn source & length of exposure
-- age and health of the patient

Burns - when to call 911

First degree burn covering more than 70%
Second degree burn covering more than 30%
Third degree burn covering more than 10%
Venerable patients
Complications
Affecting level of consciousness, breathing or circulation

Burns

Care for thermal burn
Care for chemical burn to skin or eye
-- Safety data sheet
Care for electrical burn
Care for arc flash injury to the eye
-- cover and cool

Head and spinal injury

Sign and symptoms
-- loss of movement
-- loss of bladder & bowel control
-- changes in sensation
-- headache
-- unequal pupils
-- changing level of consciousness

Head and spinal injury

Multiple Choice

True or false.

Care for head & spinal injures when at least one sign or symptom shows up.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

How to manually stabilize in case of head and spinal injuries?

Select all that apply.

• Put something heavy around the head to minimize movement.

• Covering both ears

• Covering both eyes

• Hold the head at the position found.

• Bring the head back to its normal position then hold it.

Multiple Choice

For a broken hip, you only need to support the hip.

• True

• False

Heat emergencies

​Signs and symptoms
When to call 911
Treatments

Multiple Select

Treatment for heat emergencies.

Select all that apply.

• Bring the patient into a cooler area.

• Give patient hot chocolate.

• Give patient water.

• Cool & wet towel around the neck and armpits.

• Turn on the fan.

Hypothermia / frostbite

​Signs and symptoms
When to call 911
Treatments

Medical history

Multiple Select

What do you need to check before helping someone with a medication?

Select all that apply

• Right

  patient

• Right

  medication

• Right

  time

• Right

  dosage

• Right

  method

Heart Attack and Angina

Signs and symptoms.

Scene survey
-- what if the patient says no?
Primary survey
Treatment
-- Nitroglycerine spray & chew aspirin

Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

• Signs and symptoms

• Treatment

  • Scene survey

  • Primary survey

  • Treatment

  • Patient position

Asthma

Signs and symptoms.

Scene survey
Primary survey
Treatment

Anaphylaxis

Signs and symptoms.
-- Compared to seasonal allergies, etc.

Multiple Select

Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.

Select all that apply

• Problems breathing

• Pale cool clammy skin

• Swollen tongue

• Bumpy and migrating rash

• Itchy eyes

Anaphylaxis

Signs and symptoms.
-- Compare to season allergies.

Scene survey.
Primary survey.
Treatment
-- Epinephrine in an autoinjector for 3-5 seconds

Sign and symptoms
Treatment

When in doubt, treat for hypoglycemia.

Hyperglycemia (blood sugar too high)

Signs and symptoms
Treatment

Hypoglycemia (blood sugar too low)

Diabetes

Diabetes

Prefer sugar:
1. Glucose
2. Mentos, skittles, jelly beans
3. Juice

Seizure

Sign and symptoms
Causes:
-- head trauma
-- fever specially in infants
-- illicit drugs in adults
-- epilepsy

Multiple Choice

Perform CPR on a patient in active seizure and not breathing.

• Yes for CPR.

  Patient is not breathing.

• No.

  Do not touch the patient during an active seizure.

Multiple Choice

Support the head of a patient in active seizure who is also hitting his/her head to the concrete floor.

• Yes, manual support

  because of head and spinal injuries.

• No.

  Do not touch the patient during an active seizure.

Multiple Choice

Direct pressure to stop the bleeding when the patient is in an active seizure.

• Yes, we need to stop the bleeding.

• No.

  Do not touch the patient during an active seizure.

Seizure

Treatments

To call 911 or not, for epilepsy seizure

Multiple Select

What if you don't remember how to help your patient with a medication (or it is a medication not covered in the couse)?

• Do not use that medication

• Ask your patient

• Ask the 911 operator

• Read the label

Multiple Choice

If the medication is to be taken by mouth (oral), when can you do it?

• When the patient is alert or semi-conscious

• When the patient is alert

• When you have a full bottle of water

• When the patient can sit down

Special -
Mental health emergencies

Mental health emergencies

Assess risk of harm
Listen non-judgmentally
Give reassurance
Encourage professional support
Encourage other supports
(exercise, support groups, relaxation, meditation, family & friends)

Special-
patient transport

Last - your mental health
Critical incident stress

Exam prep
(10 questions)

Multiple Choice

A hazard is dangerous. Whose safety comes first?

• The patient

• The first aider

• The bystander(s)

• The instructor

Multiple Select

A patient says no when the first aider asked "Can I help you?"

It means... Select all that apply.

• You have to respect the patient's wish.

  But try to figure out why and maybe guide him to help himself.

• You can call 911 to help the patient.

• You have implied consent. The patient would have said yes if he is in his right mind.

• You can lock the patient inside the room until the paramedics arrive.

Multiple Select

You would call 911 for ....

• A semi-conscious patient

  (verbal or pain)

• A patient in a car collison.

• A patient who a large burns with blisters covering the entire back.

• A patient who is having trouble breathing.

• A patient whose skin is pale cool and clammy.

Multiple Select

How can you assess breathing?

Select all that apply.

• Put your hand on the patient's back and feel the rise and fall.

• Put your hand on the patient's chest and feel the rise and fall.

• Put two fingers near the mouth and nose to feel the air.

• Kiss the patient

• Ask the patient to take two deep breaths with you.

Multiple Choice

You would perform CPR, starting with 30 compressions and then 2 breaths when...

Select the best answer.

• When the patient is unresponsive.

• When the patient is not breathing.

• When the patient is unconscious and not breathing normally.

Multiple Select

Take precaution and manually stabilize the patient when...

Select all that apply.

• When the patient is hit by a baseball.

• When the patient is in a car collision.

• When the patient fell asleep while sitting and hit his head on the table.

• When the patient is kicked in the head by someone crowd surfing.

• When the patient fell down on the ice and hit his head.

Multiple Select

Two exceptions where you can help someone a medication without their own prescription.

• Tylenol

• Naloxone

• Epinephrine

  (in an autoinjector)

• Benadryl

• Aspirin

Multiple Select

Medication for an angina is...

Select all that apply.

• Tylenol

• Aspirin

• Epinephrine

• Bronchodilator puffer

• Nitroglycerin

Multiple Select

What are the typical signs and symptoms of a frostbite

Select all that apply.

• Headache

• Skin discoloration at the affected area

• Numbness at the affected area

• Bleeding at the affected area

• Trouble breathing.

Multiple Select

First aid care of a sudden asthmatic attack includes...

Select all that apply.

• Benadryl

• Bronchodilator puffer

• Nitroglycerin

• Drink some cool water slowly

• Sitting down or lying down.

Draw

Draw to express how are you feeling.

(45 seconds)

EXAM

[e-mail]

Optional evaluation using the QR code for your instructor's eyes only.

Thank you!