Macromolecules found in YOU!

Macromolecules: the important molecules for life

● Organic Molecules (mostly made of Carbon) build your cells

and keep your cells alive with their functions
○Inorganic Molecules (not made of Carbon)- vitamins, minerals, salts

● Types:

1. Carbohydrates (sugars)
2. Lipids (fats)
3. Proteins (polypeptides)
4. Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)

Multiple Choice

Molecules that are mostly made of Carbon

• Organic Molecules

• Inorganic Molecules

• Salts

• Ions

CARBOHYDRATES (sugars)

1. Carbohydrates“Carbs” (sugars)

● SIMPLE: Quick ENERGY! *-ose*
Monosaccharide

Disaccharide

“1

sugar”

“2

sugar”

Ex. Glucose, Fructose

Ex. Sucrose, Lactose

Blood sugar, Fruit sugar

Table sugar, Milk sugar

● COMPLEX: Energy Storage and Body Structures
Polysaccharides- slowly digested (fills you up)
“many sugars”
Ex. Starch, Cellulose, Fiber– hard part of plants, Fiber not digested*
Ex2. Glycogen– blood sugar storage
Ex3. Chitin– “crunch”, insect exoskeleton

Macromolecules

APPLICATION 1: blood sugar

Glucose

INSULIN

Glycogen

Sugar is stored away as

Glycogen in the Liver

Normal

Blood Sugar

APPLICATION 2: structures

Exoskeleton

(chitin)

Can’t Digest Corn Kernels

(cellulose & fiber)

Cicada Shell Adult Cicada

Match

Match the Sugar to the Correct Term

• Polysaccharide

• Disaccharide

• Monosaccharide

Starch (plant sugar)

Sucrose (table sugar)

Glucose (blood sugar)

• Starch (plant sugar)

• Sucrose (table sugar)

• Glucose (blood sugar)

Match

Match the sugar to its function

• Blood Sugar

• Table Sugar

• Fruit Sugar

• Lactose

• Chitin

Glucose

Sucrose

Fructose

Milk Sugar

Insect's Exoskeleton ("shell")

• Glucose

• Sucrose

• Fructose

• Milk Sugar

• Insect's Exoskeleton ("shell")

Categorize

Options (11)

Glucose

Fructose

Sucrose

Lactose

Starch

Cellulose

Fiber

Glycogen

Chitin

Oil

Protein

Organize these options into the right categories

Monosaccharide

Disaccharide

Polysaccharide

Not a Sugar

Drag and Drop

After eating a sweet snack:



An increase in the protein​

Placeholder

would decrease the amount of ​

Placeholder

(blood sugar)

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

insulin

glucose

glycogen

LIPIDS (fats)

2. Lipids (fats)

● Stores energy (extra sugar) away as body fat
● Protection (belly fat protects organs)

Triglycerides:
1) Saturated: comes from an animal (solid like butter)

Ex. butter, cheese (cow), bacon fat (pig)

2) Unsaturated: comes from a plant (liquid like oil)

Ex. olive oil

Macromolecules

1 2 3

“tri”

Application 1: blubber & body
fat

Application 2: your cell’s membranes!

The outside of
all our your
cells are lined
with fat

Multiple Choice

Which is not a high fat food:

• Bacon

• Olive Oil

• Peppers

• Cheese

Categorize

Options (4)

liquid at room temperature

solid at room temperature

Bacon, Cheese

Olive Oil, Canola Oil

Organize these options into the right categories

Saturated Fat

Unsaturated Fat

Multiple Choice

Where is fat found in the human body:

• Adipose (body fat found above muscles)

• Cell Membrane (outside layer of all cells)

• Around organs such as, the heart and brain

• All of the above

PROTEINS

3. Proteins (polypeptides)

“Many Peptide Bonds”

●

DO SO MANY THINGS! – builds your body parts (bones) but
keeps you working (hormones)

Ex. Enzymes*- start and speed up chemical reactions
Ex2. Neurotransmitters- sent by your brain (feelings)

●

The code for the way proteins look is written in our DNA
* proteins need to be very specific shapes

Macromolecules

Amino
Acid

Amino
Acid

Amino
Acid

Peptide Bonds

Multiple Choice

Another word for PROTEINS

• Polypeptides

• Monosaccharides

• Unsaturated Triglycerides

• Polysaccharides

Match

Match:

• Amino Acids

• Enzymes

• Neurotransmitters

• Peptide Bonds

"building blocks" that form proteins

start and speed up chemical reactions

nervous system communication signals

Connect amino acids together

• "building blocks" that form proteins

• start and speed up chemical reactions

• nervous system communication signals

• Connect amino acids together

Application 1: Protein Shapes come from our DNA

MUTATION

NORMAL

Could lead
to Disease

Wrong
Shape

Reorder

What is the order of how proteins are made?

• DNA

• RNA

• PROTEINS

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Application 2: COVID-19

COVID-19 Virus

“SARS COV-2” is covered in

Spike Proteins

Spike

Proteins

Human Cell

Spike Protein
can fit into the

proteins on
our cells to
get into our

cells

Multiple Choice

the COVID-19 virus is can attack and get into our cells becuse:

• it can squeeze directly through the fatty cell membrane

• it uses a protein on the outside of our cells like a door

Multiple Choice

Based on what you've seen, which macromolecule has the greatest number of roles in your body:

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

Categorize

Options (8)

Sugars

Fats

Polypeptides

Vitamins

Quick energy

Long term energy

Signals, receivers, enzymes

Salts

Organize these options into the right categories

Carbohdyrates

Lipids

Proteins

Not a Macromolecule