Final Review

Final Review

​Honors Earth and Environmental Science

Poll

Which Unit do you feel you need the most support on?

• Unit 1: Astronomy

• Unit 2: Geology

• Unit 3: Oceans and Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Where are terrestrial planets located?

• Closer to the sun than Jovian planets

• Further from the sun than Jovian planets

• Throughout the solar system with no distinct pattern

NASA Planets

Use the below link to research
our planets

Compare and contrast Jovian
vs. Terrestrial (size, distance
from the sun, composition)

https://science.nasa.gov/solar-
system/planets/

Word Cloud

When you think of solar system formation, what words do you think of?

Solar System Formation Notes

Make an Orbit

Ellipse

Semi-Major
Axis

Foci

Fill in the Blanks

When eccentricity values are closer to 1, that planet has a more elliptical orbit. Look at the planet's eccentricity values below. Which has the most elliptical orbit?

Mercury (E=0.206) Venus (E=0.007) Earth (E=0.017) Mars (E=0.093)

Make an Orbit

Eccentricity

What do you notice about each of the objects below?

What is happening as the numbers increase or decrease?

Open Ended

What does Kepler's 3rd Law explain?

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion

Poll

Which of the following indicate a spring tide?

• High Tidal Ranges

• Low Tidal Ranges

• New/Full Moons

• First/Last Quarter Moons

Tides Simulation

https://beltoforion.de/en/tides/simulation.php

Seasons

Open Ended

What is one fact you know about electromagnetic waves from looking at the electromagnetic spectrum?

Draw

Draw nuclear fusion

Fusion

The Sun

Brain Break

5 min break

Multiple Choice

What causes tectonic plates to move?

• Convection currents in the inner core

• Hotspots

• Convection currents in the mantle

• Tectonic plates don't move

Layers of the Earth

Open Ended

Earthquakes and volcanoes typically occur ___________________.

Earthquakes and Volcanoes occur on tectonic plate
boundaries.

-Note that our
Hawaii activity
in class was
about a Hot
Spot. Hawaii is
not on a
tectonic plate
boundary

Plate Boundaries

-Be able to differentiate between Divergent, Convergent, and
Transform Boundaries

-Divergent

-Seafloor Spreading, Ridges

-Convergent

-Oceanic-Continental Collisions

-Continental-Continental Collisions

-Oceanic-Oceanic Collisions

-Transform

-Strike-Slip Faults

Word Cloud

What are some landforms that occur at convergent plate boundaries?

Word Cloud

What are some landforms that occur at divergent plate boundaries?

Faults

Fill in the Blanks

rocks are formed from molten lava cooling and solidifying.

Rock Cycle

Type of Rock

Characteristics

How they form

Where they are
found

Examples

Sedimentary

Layer formation,
sometimes fossils,
particles ranging
from microscopic
to large

Compaction and
cementation of
sediment

Evaporated lake
beds, caves,
hotsprings, shallow
ocean water, river
deltas

Sandstone,
limestone,
shale

Metamorphic

Foliation,
crystallization,

Pressure and
temperature
changes, change
the composition
of parent rock

Underground,
underwater, close
to tectonic plate
collisions

Slate, schist,
gneiss

Igneous

Crystallization,
silica content

When molten
rock solidifies

Volcanoes,
batholiths

Basalt, granite

Table in your Packet

Weathering

Mechanical Weathering

-Occurs through physical means
such as abrasion or changes in
temperature

-Affected by

-Changing pressure

-Changing Temperature

-Moving water, air, and ice

-Organisms

Chemical Weathering

-Occurs through chemical reactions,
the minerals that make up the rock
are changed

-Affected by

-Water and Acid

-Oxygen and Air

-Surface Area and Particle Size

-Composition and Environement

How would rocks near the equator be
affected by rates of weathering? Think

heavier rainfall, hotter temperatures, etc.

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition

Multiple Select

What gases are increased in the atmosphere immediately following volcanic eruption?

• Sulfur Dioxide

• Carbon Dioxide

• Water Vapor

• Nitrogen

How does volcanic activity influence changes in Earth’s
spheres?

Geosphere

-Lava can kickstart the rock cycle

-Creates new landforms

-Change soil composition

Atmosphere

-Increases levels of sulfur dioxide, carbon
dioxide, and water vapor in air

-Ash can block sunlight causing cooling
temperatures

Hydrosphere

-Increase in water temperature leading to
an increase in evaporation

-Causes rain to be more acidic

Biosphere

-A combination of all of the other spheres
have an impact on the Biosphere

-Less sunlight, more carbon dioxide, cooler
temperatures, more nutrient rich soil, etc.

Multiple Choice

Geologists consider the possibility of a volcanic eruption stronger than any that have occurred in recorded history. What effect could such an eruption have on other systems on Earth?

• The volcanic blast would induce powerful earthquakes throughout the world. Cities would be devastated, and tremors would continue at dangerous levels for several years.

• Tectonic plates near the eruption would experience a jolt strong enough to significantly increase their rate of movement. Huge ocean waves would form and wipe out ecosystems.

• Harmful levels of uranium dust would spew from the volcano and spread globally through the atmosphere. Radioactive precipitation would lead to significant numbers of plant and animal mutations.

• Ash and gases from the volcano would move globally through the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and lowering temperatures. The increase in snowfall would further reflect sunlight and cool temperatures.

Multiple Choice

Students create a model to understand the movement of warm and cold water in the ocean. Based on this model, what impact should the model show about the role of ocean currents in global climate?

• Ocean currents only influence local weather patterns without affecting global climate.

• Warm ocean currents redistribute thermal energy, leading to milder climates in polar regions and more extreme temperatures at the equator.

• Cold ocean currents cause increased precipitation and humidity in coastal regions, affecting global wind patterns.

• Ocean currents act as a global conveyor belt, redistributing heat from the equator to the poles, which helps regulate temperatures across different latitudes.

Multiple Choice

The table shows climate data from coastal cities at varying distances from the Gulf Stream. Based on the data, what should students infer about the Gulf Stream's impact on coastal climates?

• The Gulf Stream significantly warms the coastal climates, leading to milder winters and more stable weather patterns compared to regions further inland.

• The Gulf Stream cools down the coastal climates, causing colder temperatures year-round due to its cooling effects on the nearby air.

• The Gulf Stream has no discernible effect on coastal climates, as other factors like altitude play a more dominant role.

• The Gulf Stream increases rainfall significantly but has no impact on temperature.

Fill in the Blanks

The water cycle transfers heat and

through the hydrosphere to the atmosphere

Multiple Choice

A student is conducting an experiment to observe how different climates affect the rate of rock weathering. She collects samples from three different locations: a dry, arid region, a temperate region, and a tropical rainforest near the equator. After several weeks of exposure to the elements, she notices significant differences in the weathering of the rocks. Based on her observations, which of the following best describes the rate of weathering of rocks near the equator?

• Rocks near the equator weather more slowly due to the consistent temperature and lack of moisture.

• Rocks near the equator weather rapidly because of high temperatures and frequent rainfall, which enhance chemical weathering.

• Rocks near the equator remain mostly unchanged because the climate has little impact on the weathering process.

• Rocks near the equator experience physical weathering only, due to the intense sunlight and dry conditions

Multiple Choice

A geologist is studying the process of soil formation in a region with active volcanic activity. Which factor is most likely to accelerate the process of soil formation in this region?

• Volcanic ash
• Clay minerals
• Organic matter
• Sand particles

Multiple Choice

Which type of plate boundary and geological process is primarily responsible for the formation of the San Andreas Fault, and how does this influence the topography of the surrounding area?

• Transform plate boundary; no significant geological activity affecting topography.
• Convergent plate boundary; subduction leading to ocean trench formation.
• Divergent plate boundary; volcanic activity creating mountains.
• Transform plate boundary; lateral movement causing earthquakes and topographic changes.

Open Ended

Describe the similarities and differences between p and s waves.

Fill in the Blanks

What tides occur during first and last quarter moons?

Multiple Choice

Using a model of the electromagnetic spectrum, arrange the following types of electromagnetic waves from lowest to highest energy:

• radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays
• infrared, visible light, microwaves, radio waves, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays
• gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, radio waves
• visible light, infrared, microwaves, radio waves, gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet

Multiple Choice

How can a model best illustrate the role of gravity in the formation of the solar system according to the Solar Nebular Theory?

• Gravity only affects the orbits of existing planets.
• The solar system formed from solid rocks colliding in space.
• Gravity has no impact on the formation of celestial bodies.
• Gravity causes the collapse of the solar nebula, leading to the formation of the sun and planets.

Multiple Choice

Do greenhouse gases occur naturally?

• Greenhouse gases do not exist in nature.
• Yes, greenhouse gases occur naturally.
• No, greenhouse gases are only man-made.
• Greenhouse gases are only produced by industrial activities.

Draw

Draw the rock cycle.