Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

Grouped by Properties

Physical Properties

●Physical properties include color, texture, density, brittleness, and
state (solid, liquid, gas)

●Melting point, boiling point, and specific heat are also physical
properties

Grouped by Properties

Physical changes are reversible
●

A physical change in matter, such as melting, boiling, or bending,
is usually reversible and does not result in the formation of a new
substance

Grouped by Properties

Chemical properties
● Properties that can only be observed when one

substance changes into a different substance

Grouped by Properties

Chemical changes are hard to reverse
●

Any change that transforms one substance into a different substance is called a chemical change

●Chemical changes are not easily reversible

Multiple Choice

Any change in the state of matter of a substance is a...

• Physical Change
• Chemical Change

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of a Chemical Change?

• Iron Rusting

• Gas Burning

• Breaking a glass

• Boiling water

• Burning Wood

Multiple Choice

Milk Sours

• Chemical Change
• Physical Change

The Periodic Table

How many elements are there?
● Elements are made of 1 TYPE of ATOM and CAN’T be

broken down any FURTHER

● There are 118 elements and only about 90 occur

naturally

● The others are made in labs

The Periodic Table

The modern periodic table
●

The periodic table is organized in increasing ATOMIC
NUMBERS

●

It organizes the elements according to how they combine
with other elements due to their chemical properties

●

Elements with similar chemical properties are placed in the
same column

The Periodic Table

Organization of the periodic table
●The periodic table is organized
in order of increasing atomic
number

●The lightest element (hydrogen
atomic #1) is at the upper left

●The heaviest element
(Oganesson atomic #118) is on
the lower right

The Periodic Table

Organization of the periodic table
●The periodic table is divided
into periods and groups

●Each horizontal row is a period

○Across a period properties of the
elements gradually change

●Each vertical column is a group

○Elements have similar chemical
properties

Multiple Choice

What are the vertical columns on the periodic called?

• groups

• periods

• nonmetals

• metals

• metalloids

Multiple Choice

What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?

• periods

• groups

• metals

• nonmetals

• metalloids

The Periodic Table

Metals
●

Most of the elements are metals

●

A metal is typically shiny,
opaque, and a good conductor of
heat and electricity

●

Metals are ductile, which means
they can be bent into different
shapes without breaking

The Periodic Table

Nonmetals
●

Nonmetals are poor conductors of
heat and electricity

●

Solid nonmetals are brittle and
appear dull

●

Nonmetals are on the right hand side of the periodic table, except hydrogen

The Periodic Table

Metalloids
● Metalloids are the elements that are

in between metals and nonmetals on
the periodic table

● Properties of metalloids are between

metals and nonmetals
(a little of both)

The Periodic Table

Atomic number
●The atomic number of an atom is how many protons are in the nucleus

The Periodic Table

Atomic mass
●

The mass of individual atoms is really small

●

Scientists came up with the atomic mass unit

●

One atomic mass unit is equal to the mass of 1 proton or 1
neutron

●

1 amu is equal to 1.66 x 10⁻²⁴ grams

●

That’s 0.00000000000000000000000166 grams

Atomic Mass

If there were no ISOTOPES, the ATOMIC MASS of each ELEMENT would simply be
double the number of PROTONS since there would be a NEUTRON for every
PROTON

Multiple Choice

How many protons and electrons does nickel have?

• 28

• 58.69

Groups of the Periodic Table

Alkali metals
●This group includes the elements lithium (Li),
sodium (Na), and potassium (K)

●The alkali metals are soft and silvery in their pure
form

●Form oxides(contain oxygen) with oxygen (2:1
ratio) and salts with other nonmetals

●Highly reactive!!!

Groups of the Periodic Table

Group 2 metals (Alkaline Earth Metals)
●Group 2 metals include beryllium (Be), magnesium
(Mg), and calcium (Ca)

●Form oxides with oxygen (1:1 ratio) and salts with
other nonmetals

●Less reactive than group 1 Alkali metals,
but still reactive

Multiple Choice

As you move left to right on a row or period what happens?

• Atomic number increases by 1

• Electrons decrease

• Number of shells decrease

• Nothing

Multiple Choice

Elements in the same group have __________

• Similar Properties

• Same number of shells

• Similar Mass

Multiple Choice

In the modern periodic table elements are arranged by:

• atomic mass
• atomic number
• valence electrons
• number of isotopes

Groups of the Periodic Table

Transition metals
●In the middle of the periodic table are the
transition metals

●These elements are good conductors of heat and
electricity

●The wires that carry electricity for all devices are
made of copper

Groups of the Periodic Table

Halogens
●Halogens are on the right hand side of the periodic table

●These elements are toxic in their pure form(Very rare to
find in pure form)

●Some examples are: fluorine, (F), chlorine (Cl), and bromine
(Br)

●Form salts with alkali metals

●Halogens are very reactive!!!

Groups of the Periodic Table

Noble gases
●Noble gasesare the last column on the right of the
periodic table

●Noble gases include the elements helium (He), neon
(Ne), and argon (Ar)

●These elements do not naturally form chemical
bonds with other atoms

●They are found in their pure form and are called
inert gases

Multiple Choice

Most element on the periodic table are _______?

• Metals

• Nonmetals

• Metalloids

• Gases

Multiple Choice

What does A represent on an element box?

• Element name

• Element symbol

• Atomic Number

• Atomic Mass or Mass Number

Multiple Choice

What does B represent on an element box?

• Element name

• Element symbol

• Atomic Number

• Atomic Mass or Mass Number

Multiple Choice

What does C represent on an element box?

• Element name

• Element symbol

• Atomic Number

• Atomic Mass or Mass Number

Multiple Choice

What does D represent on an element box?

• Element name

• Element symbol

• Atomic Number

• Atomic Mass or Mass Number