Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation

Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation

Learning Targets

• Describe the functions and types of RNA

• Describe the basic processes of transcription and translation and the role of enzymes in producing proteins.

Multiple Choice

What macromolecule is made up of C,H,O,N?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the monomer for proteins?

• Amio Acids

• Nucleic Acids

• mRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

What are the 3 parts of the nucleotide?

• phosphate group, sugar molecule, nitrogenous base
• phosphate base, sugar group, nitrogen molecule
• phosphate molecule, sugar group, nitrogenous molecule
• sugar group, phosphate molecule, nitrogen base

Labelling

Label the nucleotide.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Phosphate group

Sugar

Nitrogen Base

DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid

§Nucleic Acid

§Double Stranded

§Double Helix Shaped

§Deoxyribose (sugar in nucleotide)

§Nitrogen Bases:

§A, T, G, C (remember, T is specific to DNA)

§Replicates and stores genetic information

§Found in nucleus of eukaryotes

RNA-Ribonucleic Acid

§Nucleic Acid

§Single Stranded

§Ribose (sugar in nucleotide)

§Nitrogen Bases:

§A, U, G, C (U is specific to RNA)

§Transfers genetic information from DNA into a format used to build proteins

§Moves from nucleus to cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

RNA contains the sugar

• ribose
• deoxyribose
• glucose
• lactose

Multiple Choice

One difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA....

• is double stranded 
• contains the base Thymine
• contains the base Uracil 
• contained the base Guanine

RNA-Ribonucleic Acid

3 Types of RNA
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
RNA that carries genetic code from nucleus to ribosomes
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
RNA that is in ribosomes to help assemble proteins
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
RNA that carries amino acids to ribosomes to build proteins

Multiple Choice

What brings the amino acids to the ribosome to assemble a protein?

• mRNA

• DNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

Multiple Choice

This type of RNA is responsible for copy the DNA and bringing it out of the nucleus.

• tRNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• dRNA

Multiple Choice

Which organelle contains rRNA and is responsible for reading mRNA in order to synthesize a protein?

• mitochondria

• chloroplast

• ribosome

• nucleus

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

Flow of Genetic Information

Genes are instructions for making specific proteins, but they do not build the proteins directly.

The flow of information within a cell goes from DNA to RNA to protein.

The two major steps in this passing of information are transcription and translation.

Reorder

Genetic information flows in one direction put the following steps in order

• DNA

• RNA

• Protein

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Step 1: Transcription

 What: DNA is used to synthesize(make) mRNA molecule.

 Where: Nucleus

 Who’s involved: RNA polymerase (enzyme that makes mRNA by matching nucleotides), mRNA, DNA

 Why: To build mRNA molecule used to transfer instructions for building protein

 What happens afterwards:  mRNA goes to a ribosome for Translation.

Multiple Choice

What is the location where transcription occurs?

• lysosome

• cytoplasm

• nucleus

• chloroplast

Transcription- Base Pairing Rules

Match

Match the base pairs (pay attention to DNA vs RNA)

• RNA

  U

• RNA

  A

• RNA

  C

• RNA

  G

DNA

A

DNA

T

DNA

G

DNA

C

• DNA

  A

• DNA

  T

• DNA

  G

• DNA

  C

Multiple Choice

Transcribe the following DNA strand: CTG AAT

• GAC TTA

• CTG AAT

• GAC UUA

• CUG AAU

Multiple Choice

What is the mRNA strand transcribed from the DNA sequence:

DNA: TAC-GGC-AAG

• DNA: TAC-GGC-AAG

  mRNA: AUG-CCG-UUC

• DNA: TAC-GGC-AAG

  mRNA: ATG-GGC-TTC

• DNA: TAC-GGC-AAG

  mRNA: AUC-GGC-AAG

• DNA: TAC-GGC-AAG

  mRNA: TAG-CCG-AAC

Step 2: Translation

  What: Ribosome (rRNA) attaches mRNA molecule and reads mRNA nucleotide sequence in groups of 3s (called codons) in order to assemble a protein. tRNA brings amino acids required to be linked into polypeptide(protein).

 Where: Ribosome and cytoplasm

 Who’s involved: all types of RNA, ribosome, and amino acids

 Final product: Protein!

Translation

Multiple Choice

Each set of 3 mRNA nucleotides used to code for a specific amino acid is called what?

• codon

• RNA

• tridon

• base

Multiple Choice

What is the location in the cell for translation?

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Lysosome

• Golgi apparatus

Reorder

What are the steps in order of protein synthesis.

• Messenger RNA is produced using DNA as a template

• mRNA attaches to the ribosome

• tRNA transfers amino acid to ribosome based on specific codon in mRNA

• Amino acids bond together to create a peptide chain

• A protein is created

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Labelling

Label the diagram

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Translation

mRNA

nucleus

ribosome

Transcription

Multiple Choice

In what process is mRNA synthesized?

• Translation

• Transposition

• Transcription

• Transportation

Match

Match the vocabulary term to its definition.

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

DNA to DNA

DNA to RNA

RNA to protein

• DNA to DNA

• DNA to RNA

• RNA to protein

Recap of Processes!

1. Replication - make more DNA
2. Transcription - DNA to RNA
3. Translation - RNA to Protein
4. Proteins - Control the body

Reflection

Compare and contrast the two processes involved to create proteins. Make sure to address purpose, location, molecules involved, etc.