NPS [Prelab] Element Families

In 1869, the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev created an organized chart for classifying the elements, which we now call the periodic table.

Dmitri Mendeleev

Multiple Choice

Why did Dmitri Mendeleev create a periodic table?

• To measure the size of elements

• To organize elements

• To create new elements

• To identify new elements

The periodic table today organizes nearly 118 chemical elements. It is a tool that displays the similarities and differences among the elements.

Mendeleev found that certain elements share similar physical and chemical properties in the periodic table. Mendeleev called these 'families' or 'groups.'

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Mendeleev found that certain elements share similar physical and chemical properties in the periodic table.



Mendeleev called these ​

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or groups.

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periods

elements

families

atoms

In this lab activity, we will study the reactivity of two element families- the alkaline earth metals and halogens.

Hotspot

Where are alkaline earth metals in the periodic table?

Hotspot

Where do you find halogens in the periodic table?

Before we do the lab, let's first review the safety precautions for the chemicals we will be using.

Safety Precautions

Hydrochloric acid is TOXIC by ingestion and inhalation. It is also CORROSIVE to skin and eyes!

HCl
Hydrochloric Acid

Multiple Select

SELECT TWO:

Which two properties of hydrochloric acid make it a dangerous chemical?

• toxic

• corrosive

• smelly

• slimy

Silver nitrate is highly TOXIC and causes BURNS!
It will also stain your skin and clothing.

AgNO₃
Silver Nitrate

Multiple Choice

Which property do hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate share?

• They both stain your skin and clothing

• They are both toxic

• They are both acid

Calcium reacts with water to produce flammable hydrogen gas. It also irritates your skin!

Ca
Calcium

Multiple Choice

Why should you keep calcium away from water?

• It becomes flammable

• It melts in water

• It creates fire

Ammonia is dangerous if you breathe it in or swallow it. It can hurt your eyes and make it very hard to breathe!

NH₃
Ammonia

Multiple Choice

Why is ammonia dangerous?

• It can hurt your eyes and make it hard to breathe

• It can burn and stain your skin when touching it

• It can explode when it's in contact with water

Wear safety goggles throughout the lab!
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before leaving the lab area.

Multiple Choice

What should you NEVER do in the lab area?

• Removing safety goggles

• Washing hands with water

• Cleaning the lab area

• Following directions

Now, let's read the lab procedure to familiarize ourselves with each step and ensure we understand what to do during the experiment.

Lab Procedures

Multiple Choice

PRE-LAB PREPARATION

How many pipets should you obtain?

• 4
• 1

• 2

• 3

Multiple Choice

PRE-LAB PREPARATION

Which of the following is NOT a label used for pipets?

• water

• silver nitrate

• ammonia water

• hydrochloric acid

• sodium chloride

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Procedure - Part 1 - Halogens - Step 1



Label 3 small ​

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as Cl^-, Br^-, and I^-.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

beakers

graduated cylinder

test tubes

Multiple Choice

Procedure - Part 1 - Halogens - Step 2

What tool are you using to weigh 0.3 grams of halide salts?

• scale

• ruler

• measuring tape

Multiple Choice

Procedure - Part 1 - Halogens- Step 2

What should you do with the halide salts after you have measured approximately 0.3 grams of them?

• Transfer them into the labeled test tubes

• Mix them with water immediately

• Store them in a beaker

Multiple Choice

Procedure - Part 1 - Halogens - Step 3

How many drops of water do you add to each test tube?

• 3

• 25

• 5

• 10

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Procedure - Part 1 - Halogens - Step 4



Add 10 drops of ​

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to each test tube.

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silver nitrate

hydrochloric acid

calcium

Multiple Choice

Procedure - Part 1 - Halogens - Step 4

What should you do as each drop of silver nitrate is added to the test tube?

• stir it gently

• mix with water

• observe carefully

Multiple Select

Procedure - Part 1 - Halogens - Step 6

What should you NOT do in step 6? Select TWO.

• Pour used chemicals down the sink

• Pour used chemicals in a designated container

• Rinse test tubes with soap

• Rinse test tubes with water

Labeling

Procedure - Part 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals - Step 7

Label the test tubes correctly.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Br and Cl

Ag and N

Mg and Ca

Multiple Choice

Procedure - Part 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals - Step 8

How many drops of hydrochloric acid (HCl) should you add to each test tube?

• 5

• 20

• 25

• 30

Drag and Drop

Procedure - Part 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals - Step 9



Obtain ​

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of magnesium and ​

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of calcium.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

2 cm

0.1 g

Hotspot

Procedure - Part 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals - Step 10

In which test tube should you add 2 cm of magnesium?

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Procedure - Part 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals - Step 10

In which test tube should you add 0.1 g of calcium?

Reorder

Procedure - Part 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals - Step 11

Rearrange the steps so they are in the correct order.

• Observe the reactions for 3 minutes.

• Compare the rates of reactions in the two tubes.

• Feel the bottom of each test tube.

• Record your observations.

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

Procedure - Part 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals - Step 12

What should you do with chemicals in the test tubes?

• Pour it down the drain

• Pour it in a designated container

• Throw it in a trashcan

• Leave it for Ms. Chang to handle it

You MUST get 70% or higher to participate in the lab! Please show Ms. Chang your score when you finish.