Module 13: Language

​Module 13: Language

​Honors Intro into Neuroscience '24

​Kimberly Ramirez M.

Open Ended

What is Language??

• Language is a system of communication that uses symbols, sounds, gestures, or written characters to convey meaning between individuals or groups. It allows people to express thoughts, ideas, emotions, desires, and experiences

• Aphasias

• Connectionist Theory

• Dyslexia

• Quick Vocab/ Key Concepts

​What will be reviewed:

Multiple Choice

What is Aphasia?

• Disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language

• Disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language

• Muscle weakness or partial paralysis on one side of the body that can affect the arms, legs, and facial muscles.

• Learning disorder that affects reading and spelling

Multiple Select

The Mental Lexicon is almost like our "internal dictionary". Which are components found within the lexicon? Select all that apply.

• Sematic

• Syntactic

• Words Forms

• Acherontic

Multiple Choice

This is the system of spelling and writing language; how words are processed or visually seen.

• Pediatric

• Ectopia

• Orthographic

• Phonology

Multiple Select

What areas in the brain are involved in speaking??

(did you know people usually speak 3 words/sec)

• Broca's Area

• Motor Cortex

• Wernicke's Area

• Basal Ganglia

• Cerebellum

Multiple Select

What areas in the brain would be involved in speech perception?

(Did you know that people perceive speech 900 sounds/min!)

• Broca's Area

• Primary Auditory Cortex

• Temporal Lobe

• Wernicke's Area

• Primary Visual Cortex

Multiple Select

Which areas in the brain would be involved in reading?

(Did you know that people can read about 250 words/min!)

• Visual Cortex

• Auditory Cortex

• Broca's Area

• Wernicke's Area

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of the posterior part of the left hemisphere in language?

• It enables us to quickly access and retrieve words when needed for speaking, reading, and understanding.

• It affects a person's ability to produce or comprehend speech.

• Areas such as Wernicke’s area, are primarily involved in language comprehension

• It is involved in speech production

Multiple Choice

Can damage to posterior part of the left hemisphere in language lead to receptive aphasia, where a person has difficulty understanding spoken or written language, despite being able to speak fluently?

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the role of the anterior part of the left hemisphere in language?

• Is the frequency of word use, personal experiences, and language

• It is essential for reading comprehension because it helps us recognize and understand written words quickly.

• Provides the ability to understand language, both spoken and written

• Includes areas such as Broca’s area, and is involved in speech production

Multiple Choice

Damage to the anterior part of the left hemisphere in language can result in non-fluent aphasia, which is where people have difficulty speaking but may still understand language?

• True

• False

Draw

List in order the process of

speaking a word:

(list the number in order by the colors)

Wernicke's area analyzes sound information

Motor cortex implements the plan

Sound travels from the primary auditory cortex to Wernicke's area

Information travels from Broca's area to motor Cortex

Information is transmitted through the arcuate fasciculus to Broca's Area

​The track of speaking a heard word

Multiple Choice

Alondra has a language disorder caused by damage to the frontal lobe, particularly Broca’s area where she difficulty in producing speech, resulting in slow, labored speech and poor sentence construction but has comprehension of spoken and written language. What type of Aphasia does she have?

• Expressive Aphasia

• Receptive Aphasia

Multiple Choice

Expressive aphasia is often associated with hemiplegia because both conditions can result from damage to the left hemisphere of the brain, typically from a stroke.

• True

• False

Open Ended

Do you think the brain processes American Sign Language the same way as spoken language?

Multiple Choice

What is the motor theory of language?

• Proposes that the ability to produce and understand language is fundamentally tied to the brain's motor systems.

• Proposes semantic networks in the mental lexicon are the connections between words that are related in meaning

Multiple Select

How does the motor theory of language relate to the acquisition of American Sign Language?

• Suggests that acquiring ASL involves developing motor coordination to produce gestures and signs effectively

• research shows that similar brain regions responsible for motor planning and execution (such as the motor cortex) are activated during both the production and comprehension of signs

• The regions involved collaborate for speech production, comprehension, and repetition.

Multiple Choice

Developmental Dyslexia can be inherited.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

What is developmental dyslexia?

• Language disorder caused by damage to the frontal lobe

• Where speech development is closely tied to the development of motor skills

• Specific learning disability that affects an individual's ability to read, write, and spell, despite normal intelligence and adequate educational opportunities

• Language difficulties, such as those found in expressive aphasia

Multiple Choice

Ectopias are NORMAL clusters of neurons in the brain that occur during its development?

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

how are ectopias related to developmental dyslexia?

• They are not related

• Ectopias are often found in regions of the brain related to language processing; such disruptions in neural organization may contribute to the difficulties in reading and language processing

• Brain's motor regions not only to produce signs but also to comprehend them through a process that involves simulating the motor movements associated with each sign

• They are beneficial in the processing of reading and language

Multiple Choice

Acquired dyslexia refers to a reading disorder that develops after brain injury, illness, or trauma, typically in individuals who previously had normal reading abilities.

• True

• False

Open Ended

What is the difference between surface dyslexia and deep dyslexia?