ACTScienceLesson/Conflicting Viewpoints In Chemistry-1

Multiple Choice

Based on the results shown in Table 1 from the experiment, what is the relationship between the mass change of the food sample and the calories in the food?

​Explanation:

Given the information in Table 1 along with the equation to calculate heat energy, one can see that mass change and energy are directly proportional. That is that as mass change increases, so does the energy. 

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements would both students be most likely to agree?

• Hydrocarbons are high energy compounds.

• The products of hydrocarbons do not burn.

• Hydrocarbons produce light when they burn.

• The products of combustion are low in energy.

Explanation:The correct answer is that hydrocarbons are high energy compounds. The other answers are not statements explicitly expressed by both students. 

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements would Student 2 be most likely to agree with and not Student 1?

• Hydrocarbons store high levels of energy.

• Hydrocarbons require an initial amount of energy in order for combustion to occur.

• The energy released by combustion takes multiple forms.

• The energy produced by combustion comes directly from the products of combustion.

​Explanation:

The correct answer is that hydrocarbons require an initial amount of energy for combustion to occur. This is the only answer that Student 2 explicitly states and that Student 1 either does not mention or contradict.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is professor 1 most likely to agree with?

• The Ideal Gas Law is the best way to simulate experimental data involving gases on Earth.

• Van der Waals is responsible for finding a better method to simulate experimental data involving gases on Earth.

• The higher the temperature, the more likely water is to be a gas.

• Water is the only example of hydrogen bonding that exists on Earth.

​Explanation:

Professor 1 states that "In 1873, a Dutch scientist, Van der Waals derived an equation that... led to a better fit for experimental data than the Ideal Gas Law." This shows that the correct answer is "Van der Waals is responsible for finding a better method to simulate experimental data involving gases on Earth." 

Additionally, "The higher the temperature, the more likely water is to be a gas." and "The Ideal Gas Law is the best way to simulate experimental data involving gases on Earth." are statements that match up with what professor 2 said in his statement. Finally, professor 1 states that "Water molecules represent AN example of hydrogen bonding" implying that water is one of many examples present.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements would professor 2 agree with?

• At low temperatures, water is present as a gas.

• The state of water is dependent upon the strength of intramolecular forces and the thermal energy present in the system.

• Van der Waals' equation most closely mirrors the gas interactions that occur in nature.

• The Ideal Gas Law most closely mirrors the gas interactions that occur in nature.

​Explanation:

Professor 2 states "The best fit for experimental data involving water in a gaseous form is found by using the Ideal Gas Law" so the correct answer is "The Ideal Gas Law most closely mirrors the gas interactions that occur in nature." 

Additionally, "Van der Waals' equation most closely mirrors the gas interactions that occur in nature." and "The state of water is dependent upon the strength of intramolecular forces and the thermal energy present in the system." are both statements that match up with the first professor's statements. Finally, professor 2 states "The higher the temperature, the more likely water is to be a gas" , not "At low temperatures, water is present as a gas."

Multiple Choice

With which of the following statements would both professors agree?

• Water is proof of the Kinetic Theory.

• Van der Waals' equation is used to simulate experimental data invloving gases.

• The Ideal Gas Law is used to simulate experimental data involving gases.

• The state of water is dependent upon the thermal energy of the system.

​Explanation:

Both professors mention the Ideal Gas Law as a method used to mirror experimental data using a math equation. Though professor 1 prefers using the Van der Waals' equation, he still mentions the Ideal Gas Law as the traditional option used.

Multiple Choice

Which statement would both professors agree with?

• Lone pairs present on N, O, and F are able to pair more closely with the H atoms in water.

• Water is a substance that is present on Earth as a solid, liquid, and gas.

• London Dispersion Forces are the only forces present in water.

• Water is proof of the Kinetic Theory.

​Explanation:

Both professors mention the fact that water is encountered on Earth as a solid, liquid, and gas. The other answers are either only mentioned by one professor or neither professor.

Multiple Choice

Which of these statements made by professor 2 is not contradicted by professor 1?

• There is no force of attraction between water's molecules in the gaseous state.

• As temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the water molecules increases.

• The best fit for experimental data involving water in a gaseous state is found by using the Ideal Gas Law.

• The Ideal Gas Law accounts for all of the forces that occur with gases.

​Explanation:

All of the other answer choices are proven wrong with the first professor's statements. The only choice that involves a statement only dicussed by professor 2 is "As temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the water molecules increases."