Metals

Metals

Lesson 1

group: vertical column in the periodic table

Review Vocabulary

• Metals are elements that are shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors
of heat and conductivity.

• Malleable means they can be hammered into sheets.

• Ductile means they can be drawn into wires.

Properties of Metals

• When metals combine with nonmetals, the metal
atoms become positive
ions, the nonmetal atoms
become negative ions, and
they form ionic bonds.

• Metal atoms are found on the left side and in the middle of the periodic table. They generally have 1 to 3 electrons in their outer energy levels, which they give up easily in chemical reactions.

Properties of Metals

Multiple Select

Select all that are properties of metals

• brittle

• malleable

• shiny

• not a good conductor of heat and electricity

• ductile

Multiple Choice

When a metal lose its electron it becomes a

• negative ion

• atom

• positive ion

• positive atom

Multiple Choice

What type of bond forms between a metal and a nonmetal? 

• ionic

• covalent

• atomic

• metallic

• Metals are ductile and malleable because the positive ions can move past each other but are held in the material by the electron sea.

• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity because the outer-level electrons can travel relatively freely through the material.

• In metallic bonding, positively charged metal ions are surrounded by a sea of electrons that move freely.

Properties of Metals

Multiple Choice

What type of bond is found in pure gold? 

• covalent

• ionic

• metallic

• atomic

Multiple Choice

Because electrons move freely in metals, metals are ________. 

• dull

• conductors

• brittle

• hard

• Elements in group 1 are called the alkali metals.

• They are softer than most other metals.

• They have only 1 outer electron, so they are
highly reactive.

• Rb, Cs, and Fr are radioactive elements,
in which the nucleus
breaks down and gives
off particles and
energy.

The Alkali Metals

• Elements in group 2 are the alkaline earth metals.

• They have 2 outer electrons.

• Like the alkali metals, they are highly reactive
and not found as free
elements in nature.

• Mg and Ca are important in living organisms.

• Radium is radioactive.

The Alkaline Earth Metals

Alkali

• Group 1
• One electron in outer shell

• most reactive metals—react rapidly with O2 and
H2O

• stored in oil
• used for health
• photocells
• softer than other metals

Difference between Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

• Group 2
• two electrons in outer
• shell
• light,
• strong
• used in vehicles
• fireworks
• chlorophyll
• Ca for bone health
• art/functional marble

Multiple Choice

Why are alkali metals and alkaline earth metals not found as free elements in nature?

• They are rare.

• They are highly reactive.

• They not reactive.

• They are radioactive.

Categorize

Options (9)

Most reactive

One valence electron

Softer than most metals

malleable

ductile

Shiny

Two valence electrons

Used in vehicles

Used in fireworks

Organize these options into the right categories

Alkali metals only

Similarities

Alkaline metals only

• Transition elements are in groups 3 to 12.

• These include many familiar metals, such as iron and gold, that occur in nature as uncombined elements.

• Fe, Co, and Ni are the most common magnetic elements, and are also used to make steel and other metal mixtures.

The Transition Elements

• Cu, Ag, and Au are very stable and malleable. They were to be used to make coins and are still used to make medals and jewelry.

• Cu is widely used for wiring.
• Zn forms zinc oxide, which is used in sunscreen.

• Hg is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature.

The Transition Elements

• The inner transition elements are in periods 6 and 7 between groups 3 and 4. They are
usually listed below the periodic table.

• The lanthanides follow lanthanum in group 6.
• The actinides follow actinium in group 7. All the actinides are radioactive and unstable.

The Inner Transition Elements

Multiple Choice

Which elements are found only in periods 6 and 7 on the periodic table? 

• alkali metals

• alkaline earth metals

• transition elements

• inner transition elements

Multiple Choice

What metal is liquid at room temperature?

• Mercury (Hg)

• Aluminum (Al)

• Silver (Ag)

• Gold (Au)

Multiple Choice

What elements are the iron triad?

• Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu)
• Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb)
• Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni)
• Iron (Fe), Silver (Ag), Gold (Au)