Pronouns (year 1 & 2 English)

Pronouns

Echo 5 p. 154 ff (1st year)
Echo 6 p. 208 ff (2nd year)

By

Pronouns

Pronouns are used in place of a proper noun (like someone's name). We use pronouns most often when referring to someone without using their name.

Relative pronouns

Often corresponds to the Swedish: som/vilket

Who - refers only to people
That - refers to both people and objects
Which - refers to people, objects, or phrases, questions as in which car is yours? and is more formal
Whose - refers to people and objects (vars/vilkens/vilkas)
Whom - is formal and refers to people. Used with prepositions (to, for, with, by etc.)

There is/there are - it is (det är)

• When the meaning of what you want to express could be translated into: det finns, det förekommer, det existerar - use there is (sing.) or there are (plur.)

• When the meaning of what you want to express is - det är, detta är, det här är - use it is

• When using 'det blir', referring to the future, it often translates into - it will, it's going to, there will be
  

Anonymous third person (man)

A direct translation of man to English is one









In informal speech or writing use more direct phrases: I & you

​singular	​plural
​one	​people
​you	​you
​they	​they

Use you (or I) when including yourself
Use they or people to refer to anonymous groups, not including yourself
Use one (reflexive oneself, possessive one's)
Use the singular they if you do not want to specify whether the person is male or female.

NB! When writing the types of text that you typically write at school, being precise is usually considered to be a better option than using vague expressions (man). Remember though, that it is all about the context.

Translate the following Swedish phrases into English and discuss with your neighbor - what is the right translation of the Swedish (man).

1. Hur ska man veta det?
2. Man borde veta bättre.
3. Visst har man resurser på företaget.
4. Man bara gör så här.
5. Man tager vad man haver.

1. Hur ska man veta det?
2. Man borde veta bättre.
3. Visst har man resurser på företaget.
4. Man bara gör så här.
5. Man tager vad man haver.

There can be several different and correct answers - share yours with me, please.

Apostrophes

Where do we find the apostrophe on the keyboard?

Apostrophes

There are three occasions when apostrophes are used in English

1. with an -s to indicate possession: Peter's
2. when contracting words: it is --> it's
3. certain phrases & expressions: five o' clock

Apostrophes

1. The genitive (indicates possession)

Regular singular nouns - apostrophe +s

1. 's - My brother's car, Hanna's friend

Plural nouns that do not end with s

2. 's - The women's car(s), the men's room

NB! The genitive 's is usually reserved for people and pets, but you will encounter examples in nok.se that are based on nouns

Apostrophes

1. The genitive (indicates possession)

Regular plural nouns - that end with s +'

1. ' - My parents' car, My sisters' friends = 2 or more
Names that end with -s

2. '/'s - Mr Biggles'(s) house, The James'(s) garden

NB! The genitive 's is usually reserved for people and pets, but you will encounter examples in nok.se that are based on other nouns

Apostrophes

Contractions

When one or more letters are removed they are substituted with an apostrophe - it is -> it's

The apostrophe is found where the letter is missing:
I have not - I haven't
he has not - he hasn't

Apostrophes

Contractions - Examples:

I will - I'll
we had/we would - we'd
who has/who is - who's
they are - they're
he is - he's

NB! whose - vilkens, his - hans, their - deras

Great job everyone!

Now, proceed to nok.se for more practice & repetition