Spectroscopy

Multiple Choice

What is the main target of learning in the topic of Spectroscopy as mentioned in the slide?

• To understand the spectrum of visible light

• To explain the relation between emission and absorption lines and describe what we can learn from those lines

• To study the intensity of light in spectroscopy

• To analyze the different colors in the spectrum

Multiple Choice

What is a spectroscope?

• A device that combines different frequencies of light into a single beam.

  
  

• A device that amplifies light to see distant objects.

  
  

• A device that detects the intensity of light.

  
  

• A device that splits a beam of radiation into its component frequencies.

  
  

Multiple Choice

What happens when a continuous beam of radiation passes through cool gas?

• It produces a continuous spectrum without any lines.

  
  

• It produces absorption lines at precisely the same frequencies as are present in the gas's emission spectrum.

  
  

• It produces emission lines at random frequencies.

  
  

• It does not interact with the gas at all.

  
  

Multiple Choice

What does a hot gas produce instead of a continuous spectrum?

• A continuous spectrum of radiation containing light of all wavelengths.

• An emission spectrum consisting of only a few well-defined absorption lines.

  
  

• An emission spectrum consisting of only a few well-defined emission lines of specific frequencies or colors.

  
  

• A continuous beam of radiation without any specific frequencies or colors.

  
  

Multiple Choice

What are emission lines?

• A full spectrum of light emitted by all atoms.

  
  

• The colors visible in a rainbow.

  
  

• Single frequencies emitted by specific atoms.

  
  

• Patterns formed by the interference of light waves.

  
  

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between the two diagrams shown?

• One uses a hot bulb and the other uses heated hydrogen gas.

  
  

• One uses a prism and the other uses a diffraction grating.

  
  

• One shows emission lines and the other shows absorption lines.

  
  

• One is for visible light and the other is for ultraviolet light.

  
  

Multiple Choice

What can an absorption spectrum be used for?

• To calculate the density of a substance

  
  

• To identify an element.

• To measure the temperature of a substance

  
  

• To identify the age of a substance

  
  

Multiple Choice

What happens when a continuous spectrum passes through a cool gas according to the concept of absorption spectrum?

• The cool gas emits additional frequencies.

  
  

• The cool gas changes the direction of the light.

  
  

• The cool gas absorbs the same frequencies.

  
  

• The cool gas has no effect on the continuous spectrum.

  
  

Multiple Choice

What analogy is used in the image to describe spectra?

• Spectra are like fingerprints that uniquely identify a person.

  
  

• Spectra are like recipes that provide instructions to create a dish.

  
  

• Spectra are like maps that guide you to a destination.

  
  

• Spectra are like supermarket barcodes that uniquely specify the type and cost of a product.

  
  

Multiple Choice

What does a luminous solid, liquid, or dense gas produce according to Kirchhoff's Laws?

• Emission spectrum

• Continuous spectrum

• Absorption spectrum

• No spectrum

Multiple Choice

What type of spectrum does a low-density hot gas produce?

• Emission spectrum

• Absorption spectrum

• Continuous spectrum

• No spectrum

Multiple Choice

What do Kirchhoff's laws describe in the context of spectral lines?

• The color of spectral lines

  
  

• The intensity of spectral lines

  
  

• The relationship among different types of spectra

  
  

• The temperature at which spectral lines are formed

  
  

Multiple Choice

What are the emission and absorption lines produced by each element considered to be?

• Identical to all other elements

  
  

• Unique, providing a "fingerprint" for that element

  
  

• Random and unpredictable

  
  

• The same as the visible light spectrum

  
  

Multiple Choice

What do spectroscopic studies of the Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum provide?

• A) A method to determine the distance to the Sun

  
  

• C) The exact temperature of the Sun's core

  
  

• B) Detailed information about the Sun's composition

  
  

• D) The age of the Sun

  
  

Multiple Choice

What are atoms made up of?

• Positively charged electrons orbiting a positively charged nucleus

  
  

• Negatively charged electrons orbiting a positively charged nucleus

• Negatively charged protons orbiting a positively charged nucleus

  
  

• Electrically charged neutrons orbiting a positively charged nucleus

  
  

Multiple Choice

What does the nucleus of an atom consist of?

• Electrons and neutrons

• Protons and neutrons

• Protons and electrons

• Neutrons and positively charged electrons

Multiple Choice

What determines the identity of a particular element?

• The number of electrons

• The number of protons

• The number of neutrons

• The charge of the nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is usually equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?

• The number of neutrons

• The mass of the atom

• The number of orbiting electrons

• The size of the nucleus

Multiple Choice

What are the constituents of an atom?

• Protons, electrons, and isotopes

• Protons, neutrons, and electrons

• Neutrons, isotopes, and quarks

• Electrons, quarks, and muons

Multiple Choice

How is the energy of electrons in an atom quantized?

• Electrons can exist at any energy level at any time

• Electrons have continuous energy that is not quantized

• Electrons can only exist in certain well-defined excited states with specific energy levels

• Electrons in an atom do not have energy

Multiple Choice

What is the minimum energy state of an atom called?

• Excited state

• Ground State

• Ionized state

• Charged state

Multiple Choice

What happens to an electron when it is given enough energy?

• It moves to a lower energy level

• It escapes from the atom and the atom becomes ionized

• It remains in the ground state

• It changes the nucleus of the atom

Multiple Choice

What happens to an atom when it loses an electron?

• It remains neutral.

• It becomes a negative ion.

• It has no change in its charge.

• It becomes a positive ion.

Multiple Choice

What did the existence of spectral lines indicate about the model of the atom?

• That atoms could emit or absorb any amount of energy.

• That energy levels in atoms are continuous.

• That only certain amounts of energy could be emitted or absorbed by atoms.

• That the Bohr model was incorrect.

Multiple Choice

What do emission energies correspond to in the context of atoms and radiation?

• The energy required to break an atom apart

• The total energy of an electron in the cloud

• The energy differences between the levels

• The energy needed to create a new electron

Multiple Choice

What can be emitted when light shines on metal, according to the photoelectric effect?

• Electrons

• Protons

• Neutrons

• Photons

Multiple Choice

Which type of light in the diagram does not cause electrons to be emitted from the metal slab?

• Infrared light

• Blue light

• Red light

• Ultraviolet light

Multiple Choice

According to the diagram, what do the detectors indicate?

• The size of the metal slab.

• The color of the light.

• The temperature of the metal slab.

• The energy of the electrons.

Multiple Choice

What is the energy of light particles expressed as, according to the image on the slide?

• E = mc^2

• E = hv

• E = h/m

• E = hf

Multiple Choice

What is emitted or absorbed in the form of photons when electrons move between energy levels within the atom?

• Heat

• Light

• Sound

• Chemical energy

Multiple Choice

Why do photons have definite energies and hence colors?

• Because energy levels are random

• Because energy levels have definite energies

• Because energy levels are continuous

• Because photons are unaffected by energy levels

Multiple Choice

Which of the following can "ghost an electron to the second (or higher) excited state?

• Absorption

• Disruption

• Emission

• Ionization

Match

Match the following

• Created when atoms absorbs photons of the light energy for excitation.

• Changes energy levels.

• Much more complicated spectra, many more possible states.

Absorption spectrum

Ionization

Multielectron atoms

• Absorption spectrum

• Ionization

• Multielectron atoms

Drag and Drop

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lines can be used to identify atoms in stellar objects.

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Emission

Ionized

Multiple Choice

What happens when molecules transition between energy states?

• Nothing happens.

• They emit or absorb a characteristic spectrum of radiation that identifies them uniquely.

• They are absorbed into a different molecule.

• They change states.

Drag and Drop

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transitions produce radio-wave lines while ​

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transitions produce infrared lines.

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Rotational

Vibrational

Multiple Choice

Astronomers can apply the laws of spectroscopy in analyzing radiation from beyond Earth.

• This is a False statement.

• This is a True statement.

Open Ended

List one type of information that can be gathered from spectral lines.