Review of the Tenses

Review of the Tenses:
Present Indicative
Present Progressive
Past Preterite

By Elizabeth Fleetwood

What is an infinitive of a verb?

• An infinitive is an un-conjugated verb.

• It doesn't tell you who does the action or when it takes place

• In English, it means "to (action)".

  • For example: to talk, to eat, to walk, to run, to play, to live, etc.

• In Spanish, they end in -ar, -er, or -ir

  • For example: hablar, comer, caminar, correr, jugar, vivir

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of an infinitive?

• hablo

• hablas

• hablamos

• hablar

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of an infinitive?

• run

• runs

• to run

Multiple Choice

What is an infinitive?

• a conjugated verb that agrees with the subject

• an un-conjugated verb that doesn't reflect who does the action or when

Present Indicative

What is present indicative?
Present indicative is used to describe "what one does" in general.

For example:

• I brush my teeth

• You talk to your friends

• We get dressed

How to conjugate in present indicative?

1. Identify the subject

2. Drop the ending (-ar, -er, -ir)

3. Add the appropriate ending that corresponds to the subject.

For example:

1. Yo (hablar) mucho

2. Yo habl- mucho

3. Yo hablo mucho

-AR Verb endings

​Subject Pronoun	​Verb Ending	​Subject Pronoun	​Verb Ending
​Yo	​O	Nosotros ​	​AMOS
​Tú	AS​	Vosotros​	ÁIS​
Él, Ella, Usted ​	A​	Ellos(as), Ustedes​	AN​

​**Copy these down if you don't have your notes with you.

-ER Verb endings

​Subject Pronoun	​Verb Ending	​Subject Pronoun	​Verb Ending
​Yo	​O	Nosotros ​	​EMOS
​Tú	ES​	Vosotros​	ÉIS​
Él, Ella, Usted ​	E​	Ellos(as), Ustedes​	EN​

​**Copy these down if you don't have your notes with you.

-IR Verb endings

​Subject Pronoun	​Verb Ending	​Subject Pronoun	​Verb Ending
​Yo	​O	Nosotros ​	​IMOS
​Tú	ES​	Vosotros​	ÍS​
Él, Ella, Usted ​	E​	Ellos(as), Ustedes​	EN​

​**Copy these down if you don't have your notes with you.

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

I talk (hablar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

She cries (llorar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

We shout (gritar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

They wait (esperar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

you call (llamar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

María runs (correr)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

You all live (vivir)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

You and I write (escribir)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

You open (abrir)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

My friends and I eat (comer)

Present Progressive

What is present progressive?
Present progressive is used to describe "what one is doing" right now.

For example:

• I am brushing my teeth

• You are talking to your friends

• We are getting dressed

Present Progressive

In English, we use "to be" + the present participle (-ing).

For example:

• I am brushing my teeth

• You are talking to your friends

• We are getting dressed

Present Progressive

In Spanish, we use "estar" + -ando (-ar) / -iendo (-er/-ir)

For example:

• Me estoy cepillando los dientes (cepillarse)

• Tú estás hablando con tus amigos (hablar)

• Nos estamos vistiendo (vestirse)

Example of an -AR verb (hablar)

​	​	​	​
​I am talking	​Yo estoy hablando	​We are talking	​nosotros estamos hablando
​You are talking	​tú estás hablando	​	​
She is talking	ella está hablando	They are talking	Ellos están hablando

Example of an -ER verb (Comer)

​	​	​	​
​I am eating	​Yo estoy comiendo	​We are eating	​nosotros estamos comiendo
​You are eating	​tú estás comiendo	​	​
She is eating	ella está comiendo	They are eating	Ellos están comiendo

Example of an -IR verb (escribir)

​	​	​	​
​I am writing	​Yo estoy escribiendo	​We are writing	​nosotros estamos escribiendo
​You are writing	​tú estás escribiendo	​	​
She is writing	ella está escribiendo	They are writing	Ellos están escribiendo

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present progressive; ONLY write conjugation, NOT the subject.

I am crying (llorar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

we are walking (caminar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

You are receiving (recibir)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

Alberto is running (correr)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

the students are learning (aprender)

Past Preterite

What is past preterite?
Past preterite is used to describe "what one did" or "what happened". A completed action in the past.

For example:

• I brushed my teeth

• You talked with your friends

• We got dressed

How to conjugate in past preterite? (same as present indicative)

1. Identify the subject

2. Drop the ending (-ar, -er, -ir)

3. Add the appropriate ending that corresponds to the subject.

For example:

1. Yo (hablar) mucho

2. Yo habl- mucho

3. Yo hablé mucho

-AR Verb endings

​Subject Pronoun	​Verb Ending	​Subject Pronoun	​Verb Ending
​Yo	​É	Nosotros ​	​AMOS
​Tú	ASTE​	Vosotros​	ÁSTAIS ​
Él, Ella, Usted ​	Ó	Ellos(as), Ustedes​	ARON

​**Copy these down if you don't have your notes with you.

-ER & -IR Verb endings

​Subject Pronoun	​Verb Ending	​Subject Pronoun	​Verb Ending
​Yo	​Í	Nosotros ​	​IMOS
​Tú	ISTE​	Vosotros​	ISTEIS ​
Él, Ella, Usted ​	IÓ	Ellos(as), Ustedes​	IERON

​**Copy these down if you don't have your notes with you.

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

I decided (decidir)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

You returned (regresar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

We calmed down (calmar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

They discovered (descubrir)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

I vomited (vomitar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

You ate (comer)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

the soldiers grabbed (agarrar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

He arrived (llegar)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

She lived (vivir)

Fill in the Blanks

Conjugate the verb to present indicative; ONLY write the verb conjugation, NOT the subject.

The kids and I ran (correr)

Which tense is it?

Read the statement and decide which tense it is....

Multiple Choice

They are running through the park

• Present indicative

• present progressive

• past preterite

Multiple Choice

They ran through the park

• present indicative

• present progressive

• past preterite

Multiple Choice

Ellos corrieron por el parque

• present indicative

• present progressive

• past preterite

Multiple Choice

Ellos están corriendo por el parque

• present indicative

• present progressive

• past preterite

Multiple Choice

Ellos corren por el parque

• present indicative

• present progressive

• past preterite

Multiple Choice

They run through the park

• present indicative

• present progressive

• past preterite