protein synthesis

protein synthesis

By Anna Kasicky

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​Warning: we will be discussing phenotypes that have dramatic impacts.

Be mature

These are individuals with genetic diffences

Page 29 - 31

​Thalidomide, prescribed between 1957-1961,
birth defects it changed SALL4 gene on chromosome 20 leading to limb deformities. Around 10,000 children were affected, with 2,000 survivors today.

Open Ended

How does genotype determine phenotype?

Labelling

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DNA

RNA

Protein

Amino Acid

Labelling

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ACTU

Deoxyribose

Double Stranded

ACTG

ACGU

Amino Acid

Single Stranded

Ribose

​3)

Transcription (DNA copied to mRNA)

​​3)

​3)

​​3)

​Translation: (mRNA to amino acids)

​​4)

​Translation: (mRNA to amino acids)

​4)

​Step 1: Transcription Step 2: Translation

(in Nucleus) moves to ribosome Ribosome

​Codon chart
3 letters in mRNA are 'read' that makes 1 amino acid

​ Codon (3 letters)

Open Ended

What happens in transcription?

Open Ended

What happens in translation?

Transcription: DNA TO mRNA

A ---> U
T ---> A
C ---> G
G ---> C

Translation: mRNA to amino acid

A ---> U
T ---> A
C ---> G
G ---> C

Translation: mRNA to amino acid

A ---> U
T ---> A
C ---> G
G ---> C

​Amino Acid: ARG

​Codon chart
3 letters in mRNA are 'read' that makes 1 amino acid

​ Codon (3 letters)

Multiple Choice

the mRNA codon CAU codes for what amino acid?

• Histidine
• Leucine
• Serine
• Arginine

Multiple Choice

the mRNA codon UUG codes for what amino acid?

• Valine
• Isoleucine
• Leucine
• Serine

Multiple Choice

the mRNA codon GCG codes for what amino acid?

• Valine
• Isoleucine
• Leucine
• Serine

Labelling

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Nucleic Acid

Can leave the nucleus

G

Deoxyribose

C

Nucleiotides

Cannot leave the nucleus

U

T

A