Organic Molecules

Organic Compounds Review

By Tiffanie Fowlkes-Comninellis

Multiple Choice

#1 from CK12 review questions:

Which of the four main types of organic compounds have we not yet mentioned?

• glucose

• nucleic acid

• peptide

• oxygen

These are the 4 POLYMERS --they have different structures that give them functions

--all use C,H,O for their structure

-proteins and nucleic acids have what as well?​

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4 Categories

Multiple Choice

#2 from CK12 review questions:

The monomer used to make carbohydrates

• sugar

• glucose

• monosaccharide

• polysaccharide

​-"sugar" is just an informal way to say "carbohydrate"

​-polysaccharides are polymers

-glucose is one TYPE of ​

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monomer = monosaccharide

NOTES: Carbohydrates made of monosaccharides

Multiple Choice

#2 from CK12 review questions:

The monomer used to make proteins

• monosaccharide

• amino acid

• nucleic acid

• nucleotide

PROTEINS made of amino acids

Multiple Choice

#2 from CK12 review questions:

The monomer used to make nucleic acids

• monosaccharide

• amino acid

• DNA

• nucleotide

NOTES: Nucleic ACID = polymer, nucleotide = monomer

"DNA" and "RNA" are examples of nucleic acids

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Nucleotide monomers themselves are made up of: a nitrogen base, a phosphate group, and a sugar (example: deoxyribose in DNA)​

Multiple Select

#3 from CK12 review questions:

examples of lipids

• fats

• oils

• waxes

• enzymes

• phospholipids

NOTES: LIPIDS

use fats for long-term energy storage and to keep warm.

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phospholipids that make up the protective outer membrane of all cells

Animals

use oils for long-term energy storage.​

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phospholipids that make up the protective outer membrane of all cells

​Plants

Multiple Select

#4 from CK12 review questions:

examples of proteins

• DNA

• enzymes

• muscle fibers

• fat cells

• antibodies

NOTES: PROTEINS

*Enzymes are a type of protein that speed up chemical reactions.​ (example: enzymes in your saliva breaking down food you ate)

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**Antibodies that protect your from disease. (example: after a covid vaccine, your body now has antibodies that travel around in your immune system looking for matching covid proteins to tag and attack!)

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***Muscle fibers ​are bundles of different proteins that work together to form the structure of the muscle needed for it to contract.

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Multiple Choice

All organic compounds are built around which element?

• nitrogen

• carbon dioxide

• phosphorous

• carbon

A Scientific Investigation – What types of food contain starch and protein (parts I-III)?​

get out the handout from last class (should be complete already!)

Learning target:

I can explain how hydrogen and carbon from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form

amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules.

Poll

POLL: I predict that food from _______ contain starch.

• animals only

• plants only

• animals and plants

Poll

POLL: I predict that food from _______ contain protein.

• animals only

• plants only

• animals and plants

Draw

Circle ONE monomer that makes up the polysaccharide "Starch"

Multiple Choice

Starch is a carbohydrate made of repeating units of which monomer?

• glucose

• fructose

• galactose

Multiple Select

Which three types of atoms/elements are found in starch?

• carbon

• hydrogen

• nitrogen

• oxygen

• phosphorous

Multiple Choice

The function of starch is

• protein storage

• glucose storage in plants

• glucose storage in animals

-Starch can be broken down into many glucose molecules.

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-Glucose then used for ATP energy (cellular respiration, which we'll discuss)​ OR broken down and C,H,O used to make other things (like proteins)

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NOTES: Starch = plant glucose storage

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​NOTES:

PHOTOSYNTHESIS:

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Carbon dioxide ----> Glucose (C₆H₁₂0₆)​

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION:

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​Glucose (C₆H₁₂0₆)​ ----> ATP (USEable energy!!!)

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Multiple Choice

4a. Proteins are made of a central carbon linked to 4 groups. Which contains nitrogen?

• hydrogen

• carboxyl

• R-group

• amino

20 different amino acids--all contain C.H.O.N

​

ALL 20 have a central carbon attached to:

-Hydrogen -carboxyl (COO) group -R group -Amino group (NH3)​

​​Basic Structure of ALL

Amino Acids​

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Two specific examples of Amino Acids

Multiple Choice

Proteins are made of a central carbon linked to 4 groups. Which VARIES in different amino acids?

• hydrogen

• carboxyl

• R-group

• amino

R-group varies

between amino acids​

Poll

Plants can use the C,H,O from glucose to help build proteins, but where do they get the nitrogen from?

• carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

• water from the roots

• oxygen gas produced from photosynthesis

• nitrogen from the soil

Turn in your handout and get the next one -- complete #9, 10, 11 before class